• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.819-830
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• 2016

아직까지 밀도성층을 통과하는 파랑변형에 관한 동수학적 특성에 대해서 명확히 밝혀진 부분은 그다지 많지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2층 밀도성층을 통과하는 파랑의 수리특성을 수치적으로 해석하기 위하여 온도와 염분에 따른 밀도류를 해석할 수 있게 개량된 3차원 수치파동수조(LES-WASS-3D ver. 2.0)를 이용하여 수치시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그리고 이용하는 수치파동수조의 타당성 및 유효성을 확인하기 위하여 Stokes 3차 파랑이론에 근거한 내부파형을 비교 검토하였다. 수치시뮬레이션 결과로부터 밀도성층을 통과하는 수면파 및 내부파의 파고가 감소하는 현상을 알 수 있었으며, 이것은 상 하층의 밀도차이에 기인한 전파속도 차이로 인하여 계면에서 강한 와도가 발생하기 때문으로 확인되었다. 또한 밀도성층의 밀도차이가 증가할수록, 상 하층의 수심비가 증가할수록(상층의 수심이 깊어질수록) 와도가 강하게 발생하여 수면파 및 내부파의 파고감쇠를 심화시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2011

In this paper, we have proposed a method for quantization of the stratification strength in the sea water and analysing the distributions of the maximum stratification depths calculated by the method at the seas near the Korean peninsular. For calculating the stratification strength, modified and applied the potential energy anomaly formular which was suggested by Simpson in 1977. The data had been collected by NFRDI from 1971 to 2008 were used to determine the maximum vertical density gradient depth and the relative potential energy anomaly at that depth. In the East Sea, the stratification depth has become deepened about 20m in February and April since 1971. In Yellow-South Sea, the maximum density gradient depth has been deepened about 10m only in December during the same period and the difference of the stratification depth between summer and winter has been enlarged. These trends of variation of stratification strength and depth near the Korean peninsular should be investigated more carefully and continuously. And the results of these studies could be adopted for the more efficient operation of underwater weapon and detection systems.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.339-352
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• 2006

Seasonal and tidal variations of density stratification in the Saemangeum waters are investigated based on synoptic CTD observations between July 2003 and September 2005. CTD data used in this study are those obtained after closing the dike No. 4 and before closing the two final gaps, the Sinsi and the Garyeok, on the Saemangeum tidal harrier. A total of 19 field campaigns comprehend a wide temporal spectrum, that is, few seasons, spring and neap tides, and high and low waters. In addition, ADCPs were anchored and CTDs were cast at three stations for 25 h in July 2005. Water columns are vertically homogeneous in autumn and winter. The vertical homogeneity persists in spring but with an occasional weak stratification in i:he northern part of the Gogunsan Islands. Increased reshwater runoff tends to stabilize the water columns and strong density stratification is established in summer. The mean potential energy anomaly (PEA) in summer used as a stratification parameter is the largest $(27.7\;J\;m^{-3})$ in the northern part of the Gogunsan Islands where the Geum River discharge dominates, the smallest $(16.9\;J\;m^{-3})$ is in the inner area of the barrier, in between the two $(21.6\;J\;m^{-3})$ in the southern part of the Gogunsan Islands. Whereas the stratification is generally strengthened in summer, strong winds or large tidal currents over the shallow depths frequently destratify the water column near the mouth of river runoff inside the tidal barrier. Periodic stratification, the development of stratification on the ebb and its breakdown on the flood, occurs in the mid-area inside the barrier induced by the tidal straining, which can also be found in the results of 25 h observation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.223-232
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• 1998

득량만의 조석주기에 따른 성층특성을 연구하기 위하여 우선 30여개 관측점에서 관측된 수온, 염분, 밀도, 해류, 열수지, 바람, 밀도류 자료를 조사하였다. 이 관측자료를 토대로 성층현상을 규명할 수 있는 해석적 모델을 개발하였으며 이 해석적모델을 이용하여 얻어진 연구결과에 따르면, 득량만의 성층을 이루는 요인은 조석, 태양열, 밀도,류인 것으로 나타났으며, 성층을 파과할 수 있는 조석에너지의 혼합에너지의 에너지 기여율 $\varepsilon$ 은 약 0.020 - 0.021정도 되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2011

This numerical study aims to investigate the effect of cohesive sediment on turbulence structure due to density stratification. The transport model for cohesive sediment incorporated with flocculation model has been selected and calculates the concentration, fluid momentum, and turbulence. From the model results, it is known that suspension of sediment decreases turbulence intensity. It is also found that cohesive sediment has a relatively weak effect on turbulence damping compared to noncohesive sediment. The low settling velocity and more suspension of cohesive sediment are considered to be mechanisms of this behavior. Richardson number determined with results of this study quantitatively shows that cohesive sediment causes less stable density stratification condition and, as a result, the turbulence structure is less damped compared to the case of noncohesive sediment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1141-1149
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• 2011

The three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was simulated to understand coastal sea front of formation and seasonal variation in the Southern Sea of Korea. In this study, we used to concept of stratification factor, to realize seasonal distribution of stratification coefficient which of seasonal residual flow, considered with, tide, wind and density effect. Tidal current tends to flow westward during the flood and eastward during ebb. The current by the wind stress showed to be much stronger the coastal than the offshore area in the surface layer. And the current by the horizontal gradient of water density showed to be relatively weak in the coastal area, with little seasonal differences. On the other hand, the flow in the offshore area showed results similar to that of the Tsushima Warm Current. The stratification factor (SHv) was calculated by taking into account the total flow of tide, wind and density effect. In summer, the calculated SHv distribution ranged from 2.0 to 2.5, similar to that of the coastal sea front. The horizontal temperature gradient showed to be strong during the winter, when the vertical stratification is weak. On the other hand, the horizontal gradient became weak in summer, during which vertical stratification is strong. Therefore, it is presume that the strength of vertical stratification and the horizontal temperature gradient affect the position of the coastal sea front.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.553-559
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• 2004

Stratified flow past a three-dimensional obstacle such as a sphere has been a long-lasting subject of geophysical, environmental and engineering fluid dynamics. In order to investigate the effect of the stratification on the near wake, in particular, the unsteady vortex formation behind a sphere, numerical simulations of stratified flows past a sphere are conducted. The time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a three-dimensional finite element method and a modified explicit time integration scheme. Laminar flow regime is considered, and linear stratification of density is assumed under Bossiness approximation. The computed results include the characteristics of the near wake and the unsteady vortex shedding. With a strong stratification, the separation on the sphere is suppressed and the wake structure behind the sphere becomes planar, resembling that behind a vertical cylinder.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2024

팔당호 취수장은 수도권 주민에게 상수원을 공급하는 주요 취수장으로, 상수원의 수질 관리를 위해 국가 차원에서 노력을 기울이고 있다. 팔당댐 취수장 인근의 수심이 가장 깊은 지역은 여름철에 연직 방향으로 성층이 발견되는데, 성층의 원인이 밀도류에 의한 것인지 여름철 기온에 의한 것인지 명확하게 분류하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 팔당호 주요 지점의 연직 수질 측정을 통해 밀도류에 의한 성층과 기온에 의한 성층을 분류하고, 발생 원인을 분석하였다. 연구 결과로는 밀도류와 기온에 의한 성층을 구분하였으며, 밀도류의 형성은 유입 하천 간 수온 차이에서 기인하는 것으로 확인되었지만, 밀도류의 지속 거리는 유속에 크게 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 갈수기와 풍수기 혼합 특성을 기반으로 하천형과 호소형 특성을 가진 지역으로 팔당호를 분류하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1218-1227
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• 2006

In this paper a parametric study using an immersed boundary method has been carried out to investigate the effects of stable density stratification on the wakes past two identical three-dimensional hills aligned in tandem. The Reynolds number based on the uniform inlet velocity and twice the hill height was fixed at Re=300 while the Froude number based on the inlet velocity and the hill height was retained at Fr=0.2. Neutral flow without density stratification was also computed for comparison. Under a strong stratification, vertical motion of fluid particles over the three-dimensional hills is suppressed and the wake structures behind the hills become planar. Depending on the distance between the two hills, the flow pattern of each wake is significantly affected by the stratification. There is a critical hill distance at which flow characteristics drastically change. Qualitative and quantitative features of the wake interaction are reported.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.392-404
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• 2020

The focus of this study was to quantify the thermal stratification and analyze the relationship between the stratification structure and the tributaries to understand flow variations in the Paldang Reservoir. The vertical distribution of the temperature and density gradients, and the depth and thickness of the thermocline were quantitatively calculated using a lake physics tool (rLakeAnalyzer) and high-frequency monitoring data. Based on a density gradient of 0.2 kg/㎥/m, the thermocline was formed from mid-May to early-September 2019 and the other periods were weakly stratified or mixed. The thickness of the thermocline was developed until 4.7 m and the depth of the thermocline was formed at a depth of 3 - 6 m at the front of the Paldang Reservoir. During the formation of the thermocline, the Namhangang and Gyeongancheon tributaries with relatively high water temperature (low-density) flowed into the upper layer of the reservoir, and the Bukhangang tributary with low water temperature (high-density) mainly affected the lower layer of the reservoir. This is because the density currents were formed due to the difference in the water temperature of the tributaries. The findings of this study may be used for constructing high-frequency monitoring and quantitative data analyses of reservoirs.