• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2004

Diabetic complication is one of major risk factors leading to vascular disease such as atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary heart disease and etc. Several factors affecting the acceleration of diabetic vascular complication have been known such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, immune complex and genetic factors. To screen and develop new therapeutics agents for diabetic vascular complication, it is strongly needed to develop animal models for diabetic complications. However in rodents models, diabetic complications is not well developed. Furthermore to assess the possibility of new therapeutics for diabetic vascular complications, diabetic animal models which have the risk factors of diabetic complications is needed. We aim to develop and establish an diabetic animal model which have diabetic complications with hyperlipidemia which is one of risk factors for diabetic complications. We induced insulin -dependent diabetes by intra. venous injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg/day) in RICO rats which is a spontaneous animal model for hyperlipidemia. Our models (STZ RICO) showed hyperglycemia, persistent high level of plasma cholesterol and triglyceridemia with severe diabetic renal changes until 28 weeks after induction of diabetes. STZ-RICO rats could be used for the evaluations of newly developed diabetic drugs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.67-69
• /
• 2007

Recently, the prevalence rate of diabetes in Korea has been increasing rapidly due to high growth of economy and changes in dietary lifestyle. Vascular complication is one of diabetic complications which have frequently occurred by obesity, hyperglycemia and impaired glucose metabolism. Photoplethysmogram(PPG) measured from finger and toe is very useful for evaluation of vascular aging and sclerosis level since the PPG signal represents characteristics of peripheral vascular. Several researchers have reported that second derivative of the finger PPG waveform was useful to evaluate vascular compliance and developed various analysis methods for vascular compliance. However, peripheral vascular compliance study for diabetic patient was never evaluated by using second derivative of PPG. Therefore, we aimed to objectively compare and to assess normal and diabetic group vascular compliance using the second derivative of PPG waveform in this study. The evaluated factors of second derivative of PPG are 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' and b/a represents vascular compliance. Study found out that when vascular compliance is decreased, b/a is increased, the absolute value of b/a is decreased. The average vascular compliance of 50 diabetic patients with neuropathy is statistically lower than the normal group(p<0.05). We suggest an objective evaluation of peripheral vascular compliance for diabetic patients and prevention of vascular complication.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.137-152
• /
• 1998

Acute complications of diabetes mellitus were diminished after Banting and Best discovered insulin. But chronic complications of diabetes mellitus have been increased. The main complications of diabetes mellitus are diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot lesion and macrovascular complication. These complications can result in renal failure, loss of sight, cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. So it is very difficult to treat the complications of diabetes mellitus. In oriental medicine, the transformations(傳變症) of Sogal(消渴) are edema, carbuncle, loss of sight and so on. The comparative study between the trcmsformations(傳變症) of SogaI(消渴) and the complications of diabetes mellitus has come to the following conclusions. 1. In oriental medicine, diabetic retinopathy was expessed as loss of sight and the treament of diabetic retinopathy should be started at an early stage, to prevent vitreous hemorrhage and traction retinal detachment. 2. In oriental medicine. diabetic nephropathy was expressed as edema and the treatment should be started at an early stage of renal injury when the protein comes from urine.3. Symmetrical distal polyneuropathy is the main part of diabetic neuropathy and it was expressed as weakness of the lower limbs and pain of joints in the symptoms of Haso(下消). In Oriental medicine, acupuncture and herb medicine which effect is SopungHwalHyul can treat polyneuropathy. 4. Chief macrovascular complications are coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, The cause of macrovascular complication is atherosclerosis. So the method of treating atherosclerosis should be studied in oriental medicine. 5. Diabetic foot were expressed as carbuncle and its main causes are decreasing perfusion of fool, diabetic neuropathy and infection. So these causes should be studied in oriental medicine. 6. The complications of diabetes mellitus afe very similar to the transfonnatiuns of Sogal(消渴).The control of blood glucose is indispensable to prevent and delay the complication of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.765-774
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide informative statistics which can be used for effective Diabetes Management Programs. We collected and analyzed the data of 666 diabetic people who had participated in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2007 and 2008. Group classification on management behavior of Diabetic Mellitus is based on the K-means clustering method. The Decision Tree method and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to study factors of the management behavior of Diabetic Mellitus. Diabetic people were largely classified into three categories: Health Behavior Program Group, Focused Management Program Group, and Complication Test Program Group. First, Health Behavior Program Group means that even though drug therapy and complication test are being well performed, people should still need to improve their health behavior such as exercising regularly and avoid drinking and smoking. Second, Focused Management Program Group means that they show an uncooperative attitude about treatment and complication test and also take a passive action to improve their health behavior. Third, Complication Test Program Group means that they take a positive attitude about treatment and improving their health behavior but they pay no attention to complication test to detect acute and chronic disease early. The main factor for group classification was to prove whether they have hyperlipidemia or not. This varied widely with an individual's gender, income, age, occupation, and self rated health. To improve the rate of diabetic management, specialized diabetic management programs should be applied depending on each group's character.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.160-172
• /
• 2022

Background: The authors established an in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy based on the culture system of primary neurons and Schwann cells (SCs) to mimic similar symptoms observed in in vivo models of this complication, such as impaired neurite extension and impaired myelination. The model was then utilized to investigate the effects of insulin on enhancing neurite extension and myelination of diabetic neurons. Methods: SCs and primary neurons were cultured under conditions mimicking hyperglycemia prepared by adding glucose to the basal culture medium. In a single culture, the proliferation and maturation of SCs and the neurite extension of neurons were evaluated. In a co-culture, the percentage of myelination of diabetic neurons was investigated. Insulin at different concentrations was supplemented to culture media to examine its effects on neurite extension and myelination. Results: The cells showed similar symptoms observed in in vivo models of this complication. In a single culture, hyperglycemia attenuated the proliferation and maturation of SCs, induced apoptosis, and impaired neurite extension of both sensory and motor neurons. In a co-culture of SCs and neurons, the percentage of myelinated neurites in the hyperglycemia-treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group. This impaired neurite extension and myelination was reversed by the introduction of insulin to the hyperglycemic culture media. Conclusions: Insulin may be a potential candidate for improving diabetic neuropathy. Insulin can function as a neurotrophic factor to support both neurons and SCs. Further research is needed to discover the potential of insulin in improving diabetic neuropathy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.34 no.8
• /
• pp.912-919
• /
• 2001

The increased oxidative stress may play an important role on the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications, and the blood level of vitamin C and lipid peroxidation in NIDDM patients may be used as an indicator for oxidative stress. However there is only scanty evidence on the blood level of vitamin C in NIDDM patients with or without diabetic complications. The study population consisted of 90 NIDDM patients(diabetes without complication, 48, and diabetes with complications, 42) and 41 normal subjects. The 42 diabetic complications were divided into 3 groups : 15 diabetic nephropathy, 18 diabetic neuropathy, 9 diabetic retinopathy. The anthropometric data and blood biochemical data were studied. The dietary intake was determined by 24 hour recall methods and food frequency questionnaire. The plasma concentrations of MDA and vitamin C were determined by fluorophotometer and HPLC respectively. 1) In blood lipoprotein study, diabetes with complication had higher level of TG than diabetes without complications, while no significant differences in total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL were shown. Diabetic neuropathy had the highest TG level among diabetic complication groups. 2) The intakes of vitamin B complexes(vitamin B$_2$, vitamin B$_{6}$, not vitamin B$_1$) and antioxidant vitamins(vitamin A and vitamin E, not vitamin C) and certain minerals such as iron and calcium in diabetes were not sufficient but the intakes of energy, protein, niacin, and phosphorus in diabetes were sufficient. The dietary intakes between diabetes with-and without complications were not significantly different. Among diabetic complications, the diabetic retinopathy had the lowest intake of vitamin B$_2$ and B$_{6}$(p < 0.05). the diabetic neuropathy or nephropathy consumed extremely low amount of vitamin A. 3) The MDA concentrations of NIDDM was significantly higher than that in controls(p < 0. 05) while no significant difference in the MDA concentration between with and without complications was shown. Although there were no statistical differences, the diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy showed the higher concentration of MDA than the diabetes without complications or diabetic retinopathy. 4) The plasma concentration of vitamin C in controls was higher than that in diabetes(p < 0.05) while the plasma vitamin C in diabetes with and without complications were similar. In diabetic complications, no differences in plasma vitamin C concentration of three groups were shown. This study showed that the oxidative stress in NIDDM patients was highly increased and the vitamin C reserve was significantly depleted, as compared with normals, although their intakes of vitamin C met korean RDA, which means that diabetes need more vitamin C intake to decrease oxidative stress in NIDDM patients.nts.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.86.1-86.14
• /
• 2023

Background: Long-term comparisons of phacoemulsification with topical medication are limited in canine diabetic cataracts. Objectives: To compare outcomes of eyes submitted to phacoemulsification with those of topical medication for canine diabetic cataracts and identify risk factors for complications. Methods: Through medical records review, 150 eyes (76 dogs) with diabetic cataracts were included; 58 eyes (31 dogs) underwent phacoemulsification (phaco-group) and 92 eyes (48 dogs) received ophthalmic solution alone (medication-group). The medication-group was divided into owner-led and vet-led groups depending on who elected not to perform surgery. Comparisons involved time-to-complications, vision, and the number and type of ophthalmic solutions administered. The association between complications and pretreatment clinical findings was investigated. Results: No difference was found in complication risk between the phaco and owner-led medication groups. Conversely, the vet-led medication-group had a higher complication risk than the other groups. At the last follow-up, 94.8% of the phaco-group had vision, whereas 7.6% of the medication-group restored some visual axis. Poor glycemic control in the medication-group and younger age in the phaco-group increased complication risk. At 1-year post-treatment, the average number of ophthalmic solutions administered was 1.7 and 2.6 in the phaco and medication groups, respectively. The medication-group used anti-inflammatories the most throughout the follow-up, whereas the phaco-group used anti-inflammatories the most until 1-year post-treatment and lacrimostimulants at 1.5-year post-treatment. Conclusions: For canine diabetic cataracts, phacoemulsification is recommended because it is superior to topical management alone in terms of maintaining vision and reducing the number of ophthalmic solutions required in the long term.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.46 no.11
• /
• pp.1414-1418
• /
• 2017

Inhibition of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation is a valuable therapeutic strategy for the regulation of diabetic complications. This study was conducted to identify potential therapeutic targets of anti-diabetic complications from irradiated mangiferin using AGE formation assay. Radiolytic degradation of the xanthone glucoside mangiferin by gamma-irradiation resulted in three degraded mangiferin analogues: mangiferdiol (1), mangiferinol (2), and isomangiferinol (3). Structures of the three newly generated compounds were characterized by interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$, $^{13}C$ NMR, $^1H-^1H$ COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and mass spectroscopic data. The anti-diabetic complication of the generated mangiferin derivatives were tested using in vitro AGE formation method. Among the tested degraded products, mangiferinol (2) and isomangiferinol (3) exhibited significantly improved potency against AGE formation inhibitory activities with $IC_{50}$ values of $5.6{\pm}0.8$ and $7.6{\pm}0.9{\mu}M$, respectively. This result implies that xanthone derivatives generated from gamma-irradiated mangiferin might be beneficial for prevention of diabetic complication and related diseases.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.99-102
• /
• 2014

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a fatal acute diabetic complication, is characterized by severe metabolic decompensation and intravascular volume depletion. These conditions may result in hypercoagulability and prothrombic state. Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) could be presented as an uncommon and life-threatening complication of DKA. Reported herein is a case involving a 54-year-old male patient who was admitted with DKA due to chronic alcohol consumption and stopping the intake of oral antidiabetic drugs. After low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin treatment because of PTE during the DKA treatment, the patient's condition improved over the week that he was discharged on insulin and warfarin.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.349-363
• /
• 2000

Objectives : Generally, it seemed that the therapeutic result in diabetic patients was changed by compliance. This study was conducted on the basis of assumption that the therapeutic result id diabetic patients could control according to compliance. This study was conducted to analyze the related factors in association with compliance to drug, diet and exercise therapy. Methods : 224 diabetic patients in Kyungpook National University Hospital were selected through the interviews and HbA1c values from 1 Jan. to 28 Feb.1997. The drug compliance was tested by regularity of drug administration, the diet compliance was tested by restriction of food, exactly allocation, balance of nutrient, measuring food and the exercise compliance was tested by regularity of exercise per day. We assessed compliance by percentage, $x^2-test$ and generalized logit regression model(method:enter). Results : The significant variable was the satisfaction to medical personnels in drug, the knowledge to disease in diet, the participation of the diabetic education in exercise therapy and the satisfaction to medical personnels in HbA1c. Using the generalized logit model(method : enter) in compliance change, the significant variables were the satisfaction to medical personnels and the complication in drug; the significant variables were the age at the first diagnosis, the family history, the concern of health, the knowledge of disease, the self-exertion for therapy and the complication in diet: the only significant variable was the gender in exercise therapy. Conclusions : The degree of glycemic control in diabetic patients was influenced by compliance. In order to improve patient's compliance, we must foster the knowledge on the diseases, lead participation for diabetic education. Because the satisfaction to medical personnels was the important variables, we must build up good relationship between doctors and patients.