• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.385-388
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• 2020

At present, the payment system in Thailand changes from a paper-based system to a cashless payment system. A coin has its two sides, so the cashless payment has its advantages and disadvantages. This article describes the general advantages and disadvantages of a cashless society in Thailand in the COVID-19 situation. The cashless payment in Thailand consists of credit cards, automated teller machines, direct debit, mobile/Internet banking, e-Wallet, PromptPay, and QR code. The cashless payment is able to assist the government for tax collection accuracy and facilitates users to make financial transactions more transparent and efficient. In addition, the cashless system provides benefits to businesses in which they are able to increase sales and expand business by providing convenient, safe and faster services to customers in making payment for goods/services. It assists businesses to save time and cost of cash management and reduce the paperwork. The cashless payment made the life of students, housewives, and elderly people very easy to carry out financial transactions and there is no need to meet the financial institution staff. This payment system needs advanced technology system skills, a smartphone, and a technology facility. Finally, the cashless payment can reduce the spreading of COVID-19.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

Splenic hilar lymph node dissection has been the standard treatment for advanced proximal gastric cancer. Splenectomy is typically performed as part of this procedure. However, splenectomy has some disadvantages, such as increased risk of postoperative complications, especially pancreatic fistula. Moreover, patients who underwent splenectomy are vulnerable to potentially fatal infection caused by encapsulated bacteria. Furthermore, several studies have shown an association of splenectomy with cancer development and increased risk of thromboembolic events. Therefore, splenectomy should be avoided if it does not confer a distinct oncological advantage. Most studies that compared patients who underwent splenectomy and those who did not failed to demonstrate the efficacy of splenectomy. Based on the results of a randomized controlled trial conducted in Japan, prophylactic dissection with splenectomy is no longer recommended in patients with gastric cancer with no invasion of the greater curvature. However, patients with greater curvature invasion or those with remnant gastric cancer still need to undergo splenectomy to facilitate splenic hilar node dissection. Spleen-preserving splenic hilar node dissection is a new procedure that may help delink splenic hilar node dissection and splenectomy. In this review, we examine the evidence pertaining to the efficacy and disadvantages of splenectomy. We discuss the possibility of spleen-preserving surgery for prophylactic splenic hilar node dissection to overcome the disadvantages of splenectomy.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.1549-1556
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• 2001

Although the implementation of TQM principles has been proven to be a great success in many of the leading large corporations, small firms have lagged behind their larger counterparts in adapting to TQM. Because significant differences do exist between large and small companies, understanding the advantages and disadvantages of a small firm is a sine qua non. Intended to help small firms implement the principles of TQM, this paper, based on the principles of TQM, identifies the advantages and disadvantages and discusses the implementation strategies.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.99-102
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• 2010

In this study, the 3- dimensional (3-D) learning contents are suggested using 'Augmented Reality' instead of existing 2-dimensional (2-D) learning methods. At the present, there are some 2-D learning methods using texts, image, pictures, and videos called e-learning. However, these one-way 2-D methods have some disadvantages such as declining learner's immersion and concentration. Thus, the 3-D learning contents using 'Augmented Reality' are suggested to compensate the disadvantages. According to the development of information technology (IT), the augmented reality has many applications to the era of ubiquitous. However, there are some disadvantages when learners use these contents as following; non-augmenting by partially hiding from makers and declining concentration by patterns of the makers. In this study, the beneficial marker which can solve this non-augmenting phenomenon is suggested.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.410.2-411
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• 2002

Ketoprofen (KP), a potent analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has some disadvantages such as gastro-intestinal irritation. short half-life (1.5-4 hour) in plasma and low solubility in aqueous solution. In order to minimize these disadvantages. we have recently prepared a KP prodrug, KP-polyethylene glycol conjugate (KPEG750, PEG Mw=750), and investigated its pharmacokinetic behavior. anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.29B no.7
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

This paper gives on overview of register windowing structure and presents advantages and limitations. Based on these advantages and disadvantages, an original approach for the design of large register file is presented, analyzed and compared with existing approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of this new approach to register file design are discussed, and conditions under which it works better than the existing approaches are outlined. Design tradeoffs are examined in an analytic and empirical study, and the results of which are summarized in the conclusion of this paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.138-143
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• 2002

These days, domestic tunnel demand has outstandingly been increased. Therefore, tunneling methods have been developed to excavate underground more economically and endurably from wood support methods, ASSM, to NATM and also more efficient methods has strongly been asked in recent years, such as single shell NATM. In this study, we will discuss on the disadvantages of this single shell NATM, one of tunneling methods with no lining.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 2019

The treatment method of leachate was increasing with the progress of science and technology, the management system was more perfect. The paper gathered so far the leachate treatment technology, including physical, chemical and biological treatment technology, and found the technology to be improved, the paper expounds the advantages and disadvantages of each method, applicable scope in the future, leachate treatment technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 1990

Until relatively recently plant scientists have made little use of immunological techniques. Now, however, more and more researchers are discovering the powder of these techniques for the screening of immunomodulators and for the detection, quantitative determination and localization of compounds in plant materials. Especially, the recent developments in the fields of plant biotechnology and plant genetic engineering make it even more important for forkers in the plant sciences to become acquainted with the more sophisticated methods. The possible methods include onestep purification of antigens, visualization in situ by immunocytochemis try and on polyacrylam ids gel s by ni trocellulose Western blotting and quantification by various immunoassay. Among them, in this reviews, the quantitative determination methods are to be reviewed. There are several kinds of methods for the quantitative determination of plant constituents such as colorimetry, TLC, GLC, DCC, UV derivatization, densitometry and HPLC. When the complexity of plant constituents is considered. densitometry and HPLC have many advantages in sensitivity and separation ability. After a 11 some advarltages of two methods meritiorled above, all of these methods have many disadvantages and inconveniences. Previous purification for the application of all these methods make them less sensitive and more tedious. Immunoassay can solve these problems in part. But immunoassay also has some limitations. Specificity of immunoassay, contrary, can be considered to be disadvantages. Including this the advantages and disadvantages of immunoassay are to be discussed.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.511-517
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• 2016

Anthropometric data of the hand is one of the important issues for the product design related with hand and manual operation in terms of user-centered design. Direct measurement, which traditionally uses anthropometric measuring tool, has a few disadvantages in cumulation of measuring time, possible errors in raw data, doubtful reliability between inspectors. Newly introduced 3D scanning technology overcomes those disadvantages; however, another disadvantages, such as, hight cost and immovability, have been introduced. In this study, photogrammetric approach was introduced for the measurement of anthropometric data in hand. In order to minimize the possibility of error during direct and indirect measurement, a simulated object was used and effectiveness of photogrametric measurement was confirmed for the collection of anthropometric data in hand.