• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.246-256
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• 2010

This study studies on the physical property of MWNT/PU composite film for electrostatic dissipation (ESD) function by dispersing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) in dimethylformamide (DMF) and by combining it with polyurethane(PU). For this purpose, four kinds of MWNT were selected and the composite films were made by dispersion processing, and their physical properties were measured and investigated in terms of electrical conductivity. For dispersion parameters, four MWNT contents(0.5, 1, 2, 5wt%) and two dispersion times(30min, 120min) were selected. The dispersion property and the electrical conductivity of MWNT/PU film was measured using a UV-Vis spectrometer and conductivity measuring apparatus. Finally, their physical properties according to the dispersion conditions were analyzed and discussed with various processing conditions.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

The thermal treatment for carbon nanotube was applied to remove the water, metal catalyst and other impurities in carbon nanotube. The surface of carbon nanotube was changed into open structure with acid treatment by mixed solution of $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$. The dispersion property of the functionalized and modified carbon nanotube was assessed with naked eyes by dispersing it in DMF. Carbon nanotube mixd polyurethane film was made to estimate the dispersion property by reflectance of the film with UV-Vis spectrometer. Also the internal structure of carbon nanotube was observed with SEM and TEM and thermal pyrolysis property of the carbon nanotube was measured by TGA and DSC. The surface modification of carbon nanotube by thermal and acid treatments improved the dispersion property of carbon nanotube/polyurethane mixed materials.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2011

This study aimed to confirm the effect of molecular weight (MW) in solid dispersion of carvedilol with poly-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of various MW. Solid dispersion of carvedilol with PVP was prepared by spray-drying method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface of solid dispersion samples. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the crystalline of solid dispersion. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to analyze the change of chemical structure characteristic of solid dispersion. DSC and XRD show that drug crystalline was changed. FT-IR revealed that chemical structure of solid dispersion comparing the chemical structure of drug was changed. The dissolution studies of solid dispersion presented at simulated gastric juice (pH 1.2). The dissolution rate of solid dispersion was dramatically enhanced than pure drug and the MW of PVP has an effect on the release property of carvedilol in solid dispersion. In conclusion, the present study has confirmed the effect of MW of PVP on release property of solid dispersion formulation of carvedilol with PVP.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.185-186
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• 2008

Use of the carbon nanotube is superior to general powder state materials of dispersion property. Because its ratio of diameter and length(aspect ratio) is very large, it has been known as a type of ideal nano-reinforcement composite. It used solution mixing method for specimen fabrication. To research dispersion property, we used FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and AFM(Atomic Force Microscope). As a result, this tendency confirms new conductivity network in which the carbon nanotube between carbon black constitute molecules shows a bond by similar constructive property.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.362-372
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• 2010

This paper surveys the physical properties of the multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) and polyurethane composite film for improvement of mechanical properties and electrical characteristics. The modification of MWNT was carried out by acid treatment with nitric and sulphuric acid mixed solution, and then followed by thermal treatment for enhancing MWNT dispersion with polyurethane. This modified MWNT was mixed with polyurethane by changing the loading content of MWNT and dispersion time under the dimethylformamide solution in the ultrasonic wave apparatus. Various physical characteristics of the modified PU/MWNT films were measured and analyzed in terms of the loading content and dispersion time. The maximum absorbance of the PU/MWNT films were observed with the 2wt% loading at dispersion times of 2 and 24 hour, respectively. The minimum electrical volume resistivity of PU/MWNT film was shown at the loading content of 0.5wt% or more irrespective of dispersion treating time. However the optimum condition was assumed to 2wt% loading at dispersion time of 2 hours by assessing the surface profile of the film using video microscope. The breaking stress and strain of the PU/MWNT film decreased with increasing loading content, but no change of physical properties was shown with increasing in dispersion time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

The cryogenic ball milling was performed on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at an extremely low temperature to increase the dispersion of CNTs. The effects of milling speed and time on the deagglomeration and structural changes of CNTs were studied. FESEM was used to analyze the dispersion and the change of particle size before and after milling process. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis was also investigated the effect of cryogenic ball milling on the morphological characteristics of CNTs. The structural changes by the cryogenic ball milling process were further confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic analysis. The results showed that the agglomeration of CNTs was significantly reduced and amorphous structure was observed at high milling speed. However, the milling time has no great effect on the dispersion property and structural change of CNTs compared with milling speed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.492-498
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• 1993

The pretreatment condition for uniform distribution of SiC whisker in A2O3-SiCw composites has been determined and the mechanical properties of the composites with various whisker contents have been measured. Good dispersion of the whisker can be obtained in a solution of pH=10.45 by ball milling and ultrasonic treatment. The relative density of hot pressed composites decreases with the whisker content up to 40vol%, but is found to be satisfactory, over 98% for all samples. The mechanical property of the composites is sensitive to the whisker dispersion. Uniform distributjion of the whisker is critical in order to guarantee good mechanical property.The samples containing 20~30vol% whisker show the best mechanical property within the studied range.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2014

Polymer nanocomposites are advanced nanomaterials which exhibit dramatic improvements in various mechanical, thermal and barrier properties as compared with the neat polymer. Polystyrene/ alumina nanocomposites were prepared by an ultrasound-assisted solution casting method at filler loadings ranging from 0.2 to 2% and also at different ultrasonic frequencies, viz. 58 kHz, 192/58 kHz, 430 kHz, 470 kHz and 1 MHz. The composites were subjected to mechanical property tests (tensile and impact tests) and cavitation erosion tests to study the enhancement in functional properties. Filler dispersion in the polymer matrix was observed by SEM analysis. The effect of frequency on filler dispersion in the matrix was studied by SEM analysis and functional property enhancement of the composite material. The composites prepared at dual (high/ low) frequency (192/58 kHz) were found to show better property enhancement at low filler loadings as compared with neat polymer and also with composites prepared without ultrasound, thus reinforcing the finding that ultrasound-assisted synthesis is a promising method for the synthesis of nanocomposites.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.387-393
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• 2010

To improve concrete quality one of the most widely used chemical admixtures is polycarboxylate type superplasticizer. Unlike lignosulfonate and naphthalene-sulfonate, it has high dispersion property and excellent sustainable dispersion property for cement and concrete. Thus, polycarboxylate type superplasticizer has been widely used as a high-performance water reducing admixture together with silica fume in high-performance concrete and other applications for the dispersion of high-strength concrete over 100 MPa. However, even though there have been many studied on the dispersion of concrete by the structure of polycarboxylate type superplasticizer, there have a few studied that clarified the relationships between its rheological properties and microstructure properties in the early hydration behavior of ordinary portland cement. To investigate the correlations between the rheological properties and microstructure of cementitious materials with polycarboxylate type superplasticizer, this study experimented on the rheology, pore structure, heat evolution, and consistency in early hydration as well as on the compressive strength by early dispersion characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.337-357
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• 2003

This paper introduces new measures for the stability of slope estimation on the second order response surface at a point and on a sphere. As a measure of point stability of slope estimation, we suggest a point dispersion measure of slope variances over all directions at a point. A spherical dispersion measure is also proposed as a measure of spherical stability of slope estimation on each sphere. Some designs are studied to explore the usefulness of the proposed measures. Using the point dispersion measure, another concept of slope rotatability called equally-stable slope rotatability is proposed as a useful property of response surface designs. We provide a set of conditions for a design to have equally-stable slope rotatability.