• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.112-126
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• 1998

In dentistry, bony defects can be formed by cyst, tumor, inflammation, trauma and surgery in maxilla and mandible. If the overlying soft tissue invades and preoccupies the jaw bony defects, regenerated bony tissue same as adjacent bone can not replace whole space of the defects, thus preventing osteogenesis from occurring. Guided bone regeneration(GBR) is based on the prevention of overlying soft tissue from entering the bony defect during the initial healing periods. E-polytetrafluoroethylene(e-PTFE) is one of an effective and widely used barrier membrane for GBR, but it has the disadvantages such as surgical removal and high price. To overcome such disadvantages of e-PTFE, many investigators have proposed various absorbable barrier membranes. Inexpensive oxidized cellulose($Surgicel^{(R)}$) membrane was shown to have potential for use as an absorbable barrier membrane for regenerative procedure and it would not require surgical removal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the absorption periods of oxidized cellulose at the implant site and usefulness as a mechanical barrier, preventing the ingrowth of the overlying soft tissue into the bony defects. Two bony defects were made in each tibia of a dog using drill and one defect covered with oxidized cellulose and the other covered with periosteum directly as control. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 1st-7th, 10th, 14th, 21th, 28th day postoperatively, Inspection of the specimens was done to evaluate gross changes. Specimens were examined histopathologically by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining under light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant differences of inflammatory reaction between the experimental and the control group. 2. The resorption of oxidized cellulose was almost completed within 14th day. 3. Histologically, bone formation in the experimental group was somewhat more than that of the control group at 10th, 14th, 21th and 28th day postoperatively. The bone forming pattern of the experimental group was more regular than that of the control group. 4. There was no evidence of soft tissue invasion into the bony defect in the experimental group. In conclusion, oxidized cellulose membrane might be used as an alternative absorbable barrier membrane to prevent overlying soft tissue invasion into the bony defects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.415-433
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• 1999

Implant stability is the key to long-term successful outcome for osseointegrated implants. To evaluate the initial healing response of bone around HA-coated implants without primary bone contact. 21 HA-coated thread type implants(STERI-OSS?) were placed in the femurs of 5 mongrel dogs, about 1-year old. Implants, 8 mm in length and 3.8mm(experimental 1group), 5.0mm(experimental 2group) and 6.0mm(control group) in diameter, were inserted after 3 holes of 6.0mm in diameter and 10mm in depth were prepared in the surgical sites each dog. Implants were supported by only nonresorbable membrane($Teflon^{(R)}$), in order to prevent the ingrowth of upper soft tissue into the gap between bone and implant, and to maintain each implant to be positioned in the center of the drilled hole. 9 implants with different diameters were inserted in 3 dogs for histologic observation, and 12 implants were inserted in 2 dogs for mobility test and removal torque test. Fluorescent dyes were injected for the observation of new bone formation in order of $Terramycin^{(R)}$, Arizarin $Red^{(R)}$, and $Calcein^{(R)}$ at an interval of 2 weeks. 3 dogs were sacrificed for histologic observation at 4, 8, and 12-week after placement. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to qualitatively characterize the bone around HA-coated implant. 2 dogs were sacrificed for mobility test($Periotest^{(R)}$, Simens AG, Bensheim, Germany) and removal torque test($Autograph^{(R)}$ AGS-1000D series, Japan) at 8 and 12-week after placement The results were as follows: 1. Histologic observation showed that osseointegration occurred to both control and experimental groups as time lapse, but delayed bone healing was revealed in 3.8mm group (experimental 1group), compared to contrtol group and 5.0mm group (experimental 2group). 2. The mobility test showed that the experimental groups had no distinguishable movement during experimental periods of 8 and 12-week, and there was no difference in mobility depending on the gap between bone and implant, and time lapse. 3. The removal torque forces were increased depended on the gaps decreasing between bone and implant, and time lapse. The results suggest that HA-coated implant without primary bone contact, based on guided bone regeneration could obtain its stability in all experimental groups as time lapse, but bone healing was delayed in experimental group of 3.8mm. And the results suggested that studies on correlationship between mobility test and removal torque test for implant stability would be necessary.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.735-751
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• 1996

An ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to stop the disease process and to regenerate a functionally-oriented periodontium destroyed as a result of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of grafting granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket on the regeneration of horizontal furcation defect. Six dogs were used in this study. All mandibular first and third premolars were extracted. At 2, 3, and 5 days after extraction, tissues were obtained from extraction socket of 1 mongrel dog and examined by light microscope. Granulation tissue obtained at 5 days after extraction was chosen as the graft material. Five days later, horizontal furcation defects were created surgically at mandibular second and fourth premolars in the right and left side of the 5 beagle dogs. The entrance area of the artificially prepared "key hole" defects were about $3\;4mm^2$. By random selections, 2 exposed furcation defects were grafted with granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket as experimental group and 1 furcation defect was as control. The flaps were replaced to their original position and sutured with 4-0 chromic cat-gut. Three dogs were sacrificed 4 weeks and two dogs 8 weeks after surgery, and the prepared specimens were examined by light microscope. At 4 weeks, furcations were filled with epithelial lining and fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells. New bone formation was observed in all groups. Only experimental group showed new cementum formation. At 8 weeks, new cementum, functional arrangement of new PDL fiber, root resorption, and some ankylotic union of newly formed alveolar bone and root surface were observed in all groups. Experimental group showed that epithelial downgrowth was inhibited and new bone formation was more active compared to control. The success rate of the furcation defect healing was higher in experimental group than control. These results suggested that grafting of granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket which combined with reconstructive periodontal flap surgery may promote periodontal regeneration of horizontal furcation defect.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between pet ownership and asthma symptoms in Korean children. Methods: This study used data from the 8th Panel Study on Korean Children in 2015. For the final study, 1598 cases were used. Wheezing as an asthma symptom was self-reported as an outcome variable. Whether children had owned dogs or cats or not was used as an independent variable. Results: A total of 6.8% of children lived with dogs and 2.1% of children lived with cats in their homes. There were 4.0% of children who had asthma symptoms in the past year. When comparing 'children who had owned dogs for more than 12 months' with 'children who had not owned dogs', the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for 'asthma symptoms' were 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.30) among male children and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.94-2.46) among female children. When comparing 'children who had owned cats for more than 12 months' with 'children who had not owned cats', the adjusted ORs for 'asthma symptoms' were 38.94 (95% CI, 35.55-42.65) among male children and 5.32 (95% CI, 4.60-6.16) among female children. When comparing 'children who had owned both dogs and cats for more than 12 months' with 'children who had not owned at all', the adjusted OR for 'asthma symptoms' was 13.22 (95% CI, 11.93-14.65), and when comparing 'children who had owned cats only' with 'children who had not owned at all', the adjusted OR for 'asthma symptoms' was 9.25 (95% CI, 8.50-10.08). Conclusions: As a result, children's asthma symptoms were higher in the case of cats than with dogs, and in the case of cats, boys were more at risk than girls. In the analysis for the risk of asthma symptoms when a dog and a cat are raised at the same time, it was statistically confirmed that the children in the home were more at risk than with single animal ownership. The results of this study can be considered to be of great importance in policy-making and for the use of educational materials in the field of environmental health.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2017

Background: Use of prebiotics in companion animal nutrition is often considered advantageous over probiotics because of the ease of handling, ability to withstand processing and storage etc. While most of the studies on prebiotic use in dogs have been done with processed food as basal diet, the response in relation to homemade diet feeding is not very well explored. Methods: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on nutrient digestibility, hindgut fermentation, immune response and antioxidant indices in dogs. Ten Spitz pups were divided into two groups: control (CON) with no supplementation, and experimental (MOS) wherein the basal diet was supplemented with MOS at 15 g/kg diet. All dogs were fed on a home-prepared diet for a period of 150 days. The study protocol included a digestion trial, periodic blood collection and analysis for lipid profile and erythrocytic antioxidants. Immune response of the animals was assessed towards the end of the feeding period. Results: Results revealed no significant (P > 0.05) variations in palatability score, intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients between the groups. Faecal score, faeces voided, faecal pH, concentrations of ammonia, lactate and short-chain fatty acids were comparable (P > 0.05) between the two groups. Cell-mediated immune response, assessed as delayed-type of hypersensitivity response, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the MOS group. The percent of lymphocyte sub-populations CD4+ and ratio of CD4+:CD8+ were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MOS group. The serum IgG levels were similar (P > 0.05) in both the groups. Supplementation of MOS lowered (P < 0.05) serum total- and LDL- cholesterol levels, when compared with the control group. The erythrocytic antioxidant indices were similar (P > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusions: The results indicated that supplementation of MOS at the rate of 15 g/kg in the diet of dog augmented the cell-mediated immune response and serum lipid profile without any influences on digestibility of nutrients, hindgut fermentation and antioxidants indices.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2018

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a useful biotechnological tool for animal cloning. Until now, SCNT has been inefficient, especially in dog. It is believed that an embryo developmental block in SCNT embryos is cause of low production efficiency. However, no studies have been performed on canines for embryo developmental block. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the beneficial role of EDTA in canine parthenogenic (PA) embryos development to overcome embryo developmental block. The PA embryos were divided into 0.01 mM EDTA treated and non-treated groups. Embryo developmental efficiency was measured by activating chemically parthenote. After EDTA induction, PA embryos were evaluated for embryonic development, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) activity, mitochondrial integrity, ATP production and genomic activation. The EDTA treated PA embryos showed significantly higher survival rate and improved cavity formation compared to non-treated. Furthermore, cytoplasmic ROS level was mitigated and mitochondrial membrane potential was found significantly higher in EDTA treated group followed by higher ATP production. Moreover, major embryonic genomic activation specific markers/factors were also elevated in EDTA treated group. Conclusively, we elucidated that EDTA showed substantially positive effect to overcome embryo developmental block in canine.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.278-283
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• 1997

DW-166HC ($^{166}$ Holmium ($^{166}$ Ho)-Chitosan complex) is a new radiopharmaceutic anticancer agent with a broad anti-tumoriginec spectrum, especially against human fepatic cancer. DW-166HC was evaluated for the appearance of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) of mouse bone marrow cells after subcutaneous and intravenous single administration. Bone marrow cells were prepared at 24 hr and 48 hr after DW-166HC-I ($^{165}$ Ho-Chitosan complex cold compound) administration and at 24 hr, 72 hr and 2 weeks after DW-166HC ($^{166}$ Ho-Chitosan complex : hot compound) administration. The results showed there was no statistically significant increase of the numbers of PCEs with micronucleus in all DW-166HC-I administered groups compared with a negative control group but there was statistically significant increase of the numbers of PCEs with micronucleus at 24 hr and 72 hr in all DW-166HC administered groups, which was recovered after 2 weeks from the drug administration. The results also showed the ratio of normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) to PCEs of all DW-166HC-I administered groups was not significantly different from that of a negative control group but there was significant difference this ratio at 24hr and 72 hr in all DW-166HC administered groups compared with that of negative group, which was also recovered after two weeks from the drug administration. These results suggested that DW-166HC-I may not cause any chromosomal damage but DW-166HC has in vivo mutagenic potential because of its radioactivity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 1989

Metacercariae of the genus Stictodora encysted in the head tissue of Acanthogobius navimanus (the gobies) caught at Sachun-gun, Kyongnam Province, were identified to be Stictodora Zari Yamaguti, 1939 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae), a new parasite fauna in Korea. The metacercariae were 0.39∼,0.43 mm by 0.32∼0.35 mm in size, long elliptical, and with a thin and transparent cyst wall. Total 200 metacercariae were collected from 50 gobies. In order to obtain adult worms two kittens and a Puppy were infected each with 34∼100 metacercariae, and total 33 adults were recovered between the day 4 and day 8 post-infection. The S. sari adults measured 0.95∼1.18 mm long and 0.26∼0.32 mm wide and the eggs in uteri 0.028∼0.033 mm by 0.017∼0.020 mm. The most characteristic morphological feature of these flukes was the presence of a gonotyl and gonotyl spines arranged in two groups; densely crowded group of 30~40 spines and linearly-arranged one of 30∼40 spines, together of which made a comma(or reversed comma) shape along the lateral margin of the gonotyl. It has been proved by this study that 5. sari is distributed in southern coasts of Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.645-650
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• 2013

A simple, rapid, and high-throughput method for detection and identification of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia pahangi, and Dirofilaria immitis in mosquito vectors and blood samples was developed using a real-time PCR combined with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Amplicons of the 4 filarial species were generated from 5S rRNA and spliced leader sequences by the real-time PCR and their melting temperatures were determined by the HRM method. Melting of amplicons from W. bancrofti, B. malayi, D. immitis, and B. pahangi peaked at $81.5{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$, $79.0{\pm}0.3^{\circ}C$, $76.8{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$, and $79.9{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$, respectively. This assay is relatively cheap since it does not require synthesis of hybridization probes. Its sensitivity and specificity were 100%. It is a rapid and technically simple approach, and an important tool for population surveys as well as molecular xenomonitoring of parasites in vectors.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is expanding and becoming urbanized, especially in non-endemic areas such as the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering that infected dogs are the main reservoir for zoonotic VL, this study evaluated the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, a new area of expansion of VL in Brazil. Serum and plasma from 405 asymptomatic dogs from the municipalities of Canoas (n=107), $S\tilde{a}o$ Leopoldo (n=216), and Novo Hamburgo (n=82) were tested for CVL using immunochromatographic ($DPP^{(R)}$) and ELISA $EIE^{(R)}$ assays (2 assays officially adopted by the Brazilian government for the diagnosis of CVL) and real-time PCR to confirm the results. There was no agreement among serological and real-time PCR results, indicating that the Leishmania infection in asymptomatic animals with low parasite load, confirmed by negative parasitological tests (smears and parasite culture), need to be evaluated by molecular methods. The prevalence of LVC in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, confirmed by real-time PCR was 4% (5.6% in Canoas and 4.6% in $S\tilde{a}o$ Leopoldo). The use of molecular method is essential for accurate diagnosis of CVL, especially in asymptomatic dogs in non-endemic areas.