• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2013

This article evaluates the overall current disease burden of North Korea through the recent databases of international organizations. It is notable that North Korea as a nation is exhibiting a relatively low burden from deaths and that there is greater burden from deaths caused by non-communicable diseases than from those caused by communicable diseases and malnutrition. However, the absolute magnitude of problems from communicable diseases like TB and from child malnutrition, which will increase the disease burden in the future, remains great. North Korea, which needs to handle both communicable and nutritional conditions, and non-communicable diseases, whose burden is ever more increasing in the nation, can now be understood as a country with the 'double-burden' of disease.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among financial debt burden, psychological factors and financial stress. Data was collected by surveying 450 individuals who were over twenty years old, and 384 were used for the analysis. As the result, first, number of sources of debt, use of each debt, marital status/double income, housing, debt amount and financial stress were found to be significantly different among three groups(debt free, non risky, risky). In addition, marital status/double income, gender, housing and income were found to significantly influence to the probability of being one of the three groups. Second, level of debt burden, age, employment and income were found to significantly influence to financial stress, while psychological factors such as risk tolerance and self-control were not. It might be noteworthy that people in debt were likely to have higher level of stress, while the older, employed, and having higher income were likely to have lower level of stress. This study would provide useful information in terms of debt policy to relieve the financial stress.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.658-672
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although children of ethnic minority groups are experiencing a transition from a predominance of undernutrition to overnutrition, there is little evidence of a dual-malnutrition burden. Therefore, this study examined the double burden of malnutrition among school-aged ethnic minority children living in mountainous areas and its association with their diets. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to March 2020 in 3 mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam among 1,556 ethnic minority school-aged children. The prevalence of under-nutrition (stunting and thinness) and over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) were measured using the WHO 2006 child growth standards (height-for-age and BMI-for-age Z-score). Nutritional practices were evaluated by the frequency of food consumption based on a 4-level scale. RESULTS: The percentage of children with stunting and thinness were 14.0% and 5.4%, respectively, while the figure for overweight/obesity was 9.4%. The factors positively associated with stunting were living in a family with more than 2 children or being Muong/other ethnicities compared to the Tay ethnicity. Children who consumed fish/shrimps/crabs or milk weekly/daily were less likely to be undernourished compared to those who never consumed these foods. By contrast, children who never consumed foods rich in vitamin A precursors and vitamin A and fruit or consumed daily snacks/junk food were more likely to be overweight/obese. CONCLUSIONS: Undernutrition remains a common issue among school-aged children and adolescents of ethnic minority groups, while over-nutrition exists simultaneously. Public health nutrition programs promoting adequate diets and positive lifestyle changes related to nutrition are essential to tackle the double burden of malnutrition among ethnic minority children.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.66 no.3
• /
• pp.209-230
• /
• 2014

The study is to show the prevalence of double-care burdened households who care simultaneously for children(under 6) and provide invalid elderly care for aging parents among women aged 30s to 40s in Korea. The study aims to place care as ordinary needs for our whole lifetime, not as a special happening to a certain age group at specific period. Also, study attempts to reveal that care experiences include both burden and pleasure, and that care relationship, such as care giver-receiver-assistants(second-helpers), strongly affects the diversity of caring experience. Results are as follows. 38.1% of the survey respondents report that they are/have ever been the double-care burdened households who carry both child care under 6 and elderly care suffering from health problems in the past or the present. If including those who expecting the double burden of care in the near future, the prevalence rate goes up to 54.9%. As hypothesized, caring includes both pleasure and burden. The order of pleasant feelings is child care> parents care>in-law parents care, and that of burden is in reverse. However, caring relationship has a strong influence on pleasure or agony of the caring experience. The association between the relationship and the experience, which is expressed by pleasure or pain, occurs to both daughter-parents and in-laws. Interestingly, the caring experiences by daughter to her parents tend to go more burdensome because their husbands do not commit their identity as carer aid, with no additional caring effort for their in-laws. In conclusion, some policy suggestions for double care problems are provided.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2017

To protect the power systems from fault current, the rated protective equipment should be installed. However growth of power system scale and concentration of loads caused the large fault current in power transmission system and distribution system. The capacities of installed protective equipment have been exceeded the due to increase of fault current. This increase is not temporary phenomenon but will be steadily as long as the industry develops. The power system operator need a counter-measurement for safety, so superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been received attention as effective solutions to reduce the fault current. For the above reasons various type SFCLs have been studied recently. In this paper, operation characteristics and power burden of trigger type SFCL is studied. The trigger type SFCL has been used for real system research in many countries. Another trigger type SFCL (double quench trigger type SFCL) is also studied. For this paper, short circuit test is performed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.426-435
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Urbanization and lifestyle changes have resulted in nutrition transition. Over-nutrition causes obesity increase, although malnutrition still exists. This phenomenon is called a double burden of malnutrition (DBM). This study was conducted to confirm the existence of DBM and to investigate the dietary factors related to DBM in Indonesian adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data for the subjects (51 men and 89 women) who are the adults resided in Malang, Indonesia were collected between July 17 and August 14, 2017, by using questionnaire. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and hemoglobin were also measured for the subjects. RESULTS: The average age of the subjects was 47.2 years. The average height, weight, and body mass index for men were 160.08 cm, 62.6 kg and $25.45kg/m^2$, respectively, and those for women were 148.74 cm, 58.09 kg, and $26.21kg/m^2$, respectively. Of the subjects, 3.6% were underweight, 24.3% were normal or healthy weight, while 72.2% were overweight and obese. Analysis of the dietary intakes revealed high for cereal (7.73 points), but very low for milk (0.25 points) and fruits (0.51 points). Dietary diversity was very few overall (< 5). The occurrence of both anemia (23.6%) and chronic diseases such as hypertension (57.1%), diabetes (12.1%), and hypercholesterolemia (3.6%) was considerably high. The existence of DBM was confirmed by 16.4% of the subjects. DBM was observed significantly higher in women than in men. Dietary diversity and DBM occurrence were inversely correlated. On average, the number of chronic diseases was 1.08 in men and 1.79 in women. Dietary diversity inversely affected systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: DBM existed in adults in Malang, Indonesia due to inadequate dietary intakes, and a high rate of chronic diseases.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.168-178
• /
• 2019

Discrete space vector modulation (DSVM) is an effective method to improve the steady-state performance of the finite control set predictive control for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems. However, it requires complex computations due to the presence of numerous virtual voltage vectors. This paper proposes an improved finite control set model-free predictive control using DSVM to reduce the computational burden. First, model-free deadbeat current control is used to generate the reference voltage vector. Then, based on the principle that the voltage vector closest to the reference voltage vector minimizes the cost function, the optimal voltage vector is obtained in an effective way which avoids evaluation of the cost function. Additionally, in order to implement double-objective control, a two-level decisional cost function is designed to sequentially reduce the stator currents tracking error and the inverter switching frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed control is validated based on experimental tests.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 1995

In this paper, a double loop control model using leaky delay LMS algorithm are proposed for active noise control. The proposed double loop control model estimates the loudspeaker characteristic and the error path transfer function with on-line using only gain and acoustic time delay to reduce computation burden. The control of error signal through double loop control scheme makes the more robust cntrol system. The input signal of filter to estimate acoustic time delay is used difference between input signal of input microphone and adaptive filter output. And also, in nonstationary environments, the leaky delay LMS algorithm is employed to counteract parameter drift of delay LMS algorithm. For practical noise signal, the proposed double loop control model reduces noise level about 12.9 dB.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.449-453
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Perceiving the experience that $MRD_1$ is increased after small-incision double-eyelid operation, it has been statistically verified the improvement of $MRD_1$ retrospectively. Therefore, we suggest new interpretation for Korean-specific small eye and more definite classification for ptosis. Methods: In operation, we made 3 small incisions according to the line designed on upper eyelid and removed some soft tissues including connective tissues. Then, figure-of-8 continuous buried ligation was performed through the incision windows. This study is a retrospective study, measures $MRD_1$ changes and excursion distance change of eyelid margine and eyebrow using pre-and post-operative photos of 14 patients. Results: Postoperative photos were taken on the 4th day and all of 14 patients had an improvement in $MRD_1$ statistically. The excursion distance of upper eyelid was improved in half of patients, though not in the range of statistical verification. It was statistically confirmed that the movement of eyebrow was reduced after operation. Conclusion: It is thought that $MRD_1$ improvement without any operation on levator complex means that soft tissue including connective tissue eliminated in operation restricts the movement of upper eyelid. It is defined such factors as burden factors and such phenomenon as burdened eyelid. It is thougt that Korean's small eye is mainly burdened eyelid and cosmetic improvement may be obtaind even by removing such burden factors.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 2019

To protect the power systems from fault current, the rated protective equipment should be installed. However growth of power system scale and concentration of loads caused the large fault current in power transmission system and distribution system. And capacities of installed protective equipment have been exceeded the due to increase of fault current. This increase is not temporary phenomenon but will be steadily as long as the industry develops. The power system need a counter measurement for safety, so superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been received attention as an effective solutions to reduce the fault current. For the above reasons various type SFCL is studied recently. In this paper, the operational characteristics and power burden of trigger type SFCL is studied. The trigger type SFCL has been used for real system research in many countries. And another trigger type SFCL (double quench trigger type SFCL) is also studied. For this paper, short circuit test is performed.