• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.10 s.212
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• pp.55-68
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• 2005

This research focused on the family stress, coping strategy, and job satisfaction in dual-earner couples. The subjects of this study were 150 dual-earner couples,300 people, in the Kyeongnam Area, Korea. The major findings from the study are as follows; 1) The degree of family stress of the husband and wife in dual-earner couples was 2.74 and 2.98, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. The most stressful event arose from their role as parents caring for their children. The significant variables were religion and the type of expended family in dual-earner couples' husband, and the age of the first child, job, economic level, conjugal period, and marital satisfaction in dual-earner couples' wife. 2) The coping strategy of family stress of the husband and wife in dual-earner couples was 3.41 and 3.45, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. Among the strategies, the 'cognitive restructuring' scored highest. The significant variables were religion, the degree of educational level, job, marital satisfaction, and self-esteem in dual-eamer couples' husband, and economic level, the type of expended family, marital satisfaction, and selfesteem in dual-earner couples' wife. 3) The degree of job satisfaction of the husband and wife in dual-earner couples was 3.72 and 3.89, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. The most effective variables of job satisfaction of the husband and wife in dual-earner couples was self-esteem and cognitive restructuring strategy, respectively.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.355-370
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of work-family compatibility in the everyday experiences of dual-earner families. By comprehensively describing how dual-earner families manage daily life, this study shows their current situations. In particular, this study overcomes the limitations of previous studies using the phenomenological research methods. Previous studies partially dealt with the problems of dual-earner couples, such as the role conflict of wives and husbands. However, this study broadly demonstrates how wives and husbands as independent individuals manage their lives by working together for a living. Participants were 6 males and 6 females, who lived in Gwangju metropolitan city. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the method of Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen in Moustakas (1994). The results of this study display that dual-earner couples work for a living, but work is the driving force in their life. Family provides dual-earner couples with a stable life, but their stable life is possible by social support like the assistance of a mother-in-law. Dual-earner couples consider work and family as the essential axis of life, thus they give the same value on work and family. Even though dual-earner couples have a difficult time educating their children because of long working hours and coming home late, they positively combine work and family meeting the needs of self-improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to create a working environment that provides enough time for housework and childcare.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-229
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between family stress and health promoting behavior (HPB) of the dual earner couples. Methods: The subjects were 312 dual earner couples selected from G city by convenient sampling. The data were collected from October 1 to November 10, 2009, and analyzed using frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with the SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: The mean score of family stress and HPB on the subjects were 2.98 and 3.29 respectively. Family stress showed a significant difference according to monthly income. HPB showed a significant difference according to exercise, smoking, and drinking. HPB had a significantly positive correlation with family stress. Conclusion: This study suggested that we should develop programs to increase regular exercise and to quit drinking and smoking for the dual earner couples in occupational health nursing.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.61-84
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• 1993

This study was to examine the marital satisfaction and depression of dual-earner couples, and it placed emphasis on the factors affecting the marital satisfaction and depression of dual-earner couples who have school-age children. The sample consisted of 265 husbands and wives in dual-earner families living in Seoul. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Wives' marital satisfaction was significantly affected by wives' perception of inequity in the division of family works, joint leisure activities, sexual satisfaction, wives' job satisfaction, wives' satisfaction with marital communication and perceived benefits resulting from wives' employment. 2. Husbands' marital satisfaction was significantly affected by sexual satisfaction, role conflicts, perceived benefits resulting from wives' employment and degree of husbands' housework participation. 3. Wives' depression was significantly affected by role conflicts, perceived sexual problems caused by their employment, wives' job satisfaction, sex role attitude and perceived inequity in the division of family work. 4. Husbands' depression was significantly affected by role conflicts, the degree of their housework participation, their job satisfaction and perceived sexual problems caused by wives' employment.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-136
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• 2011

This study examined the effects of the division of household labor on the marital satisfaction of husbands and wives in dual-earner families. Data were collected from 193 couples in dual-earner families; the questionnaire measurements were based on recommendations from the literature review. The questionnaire consisted of inquiries concerning gender role attitudes, marital communication efficiency, division of household labor, satisfaction in the division of household labor, and marital satisfaction. Each of these categories had an individual measurement scale that enabled measurement of its impact on marital satisfaction. The major findings of this study are as follows: The couples in dual-earner families showed egalitarian gender role attitudes and high levels of marital communication efficiency. They also reported high levels of satisfaction with their division of household labor and their marital lives. Wives in dual-earner families had more egalitarian gender role attitudes compared with their husbands, and husbands perceived themselves to be investing more time in performing household chores (that is, in the division of household labor) than was perceived by their wives. Husbands were also more satisfied with the division of household labor and marital life compared to their wives. Finally, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that satisfaction in the division of household labor and in marital communication efficiency (as perceived by the couples) significantly predicted husbands' marital satisfaction. On the other hand, wives' age, marital communication efficiency, and the differences in the division of household labor (as perceived by the couples) significantly predicted wives' marital satisfaction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.265-281
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• 2004

This study aims at studying dual-earner couple's household work time and life satisfaction in modern times. To reach this goal, dual-earner couple's variable of society and population, income for working hours, attitude of sex's role and working hours time were classified as individual variable of study model. In the end of 2000, positive analysis was completed through dual-earner couples' frequencies, percentage, means, paired-samples T Test, one-way ANOVA, duncan test, multiple regression and path analysis to 112 Korean couples in 'Research material for comparative analysis of family's time use in Korea and in the United States' performed by Lee, Ki-young, along with 3 person in the end of 2000. The time of household work performance at home at this stage is about 30 hours. 90% of 30 hours was given by housewife who was working for another job. In the aspect of dual-earner couple's life satisfaction, the life satisfaction is a little over the level of average. In variables couple's life satisfaction, wife's life satisfaction was additionally influenced by variable of wife's profession, age difference of couple, wife's household work time husband's household work time and wife's sex-role attitudes in oder. Husband's life satisfaction was perfectly influenced by his level of education, his household work time and wife's sex-role attitudes.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2020

This study observed and investigated the commute time of dual-earner couples from a family developmental perspective. It tested whether the household responsibility hypothesis was effective in explaining the gender gap in the commute time for these couples. I extracted 2,103 time diaries written by 1,266 matched couples from the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey data for this study. The sample was categorized by the age of the eldest child into four age groups of 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, and 19-29. Analytic results from ANOVA, Scheffé test, and OLS regression are as follows. First, husbands traveled longer hours to work than wives in all age groups, while the commute time of couples tended to increase along with the child' age. However, couples in the child group aged 7 to 12 had the shortest commute time. Second, domestic labor time of wives were negatively associated with the commute time, which appeared to support the household responsibility hypothesis. Third, in the child group aged 7 to 12, wives spent more time for work commute as their income increased; however, wives with traditional gender role attitudes had a shorter commute time in the child group aged 0 to 6. Forth, neither the wives' nor husbands' work characteristics were related to the wives' commute time; however, both wives' and husbands' work characteristics were related to the husbands' commute time. The findings suggest the possibility of spatial entrapment by working wives throughout the family life cycle due to household responsibilities, which provides implications for policy intervention in consideration of the gender gap in commute time for dual-earner couples.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.171-186
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of housework self-responsibility and attitude to paid labor substitution of wife and husband examining empirically characteristics of couple's type classified by a complex of perception and attitude. The data of this study were collected from 83 dual-earner couples and 76 one-earner couples having more than one child younger than 18 and living in Seoul. The major findings are as follow: First Wives perceived housework self-responsibility much higher than husbands regardless of wives' employment status particularly in female-oriented housework such as food- clothing-related and managerial housework. Second Couples expressed considerable reluctancy about paid labor substitution and one-earner couples showede more reluctancy. Third Four couple types were categorized by a complex perception and attitude. The are 'PLS-oriented & Wife responsibility couple' 'PLS-reluctancy & Wife responsibility couple' ' PLS-dependency couple 'Dual responsibility couple' Fourth the characteristics of each type showed difference according to socioeconomic status sex role attitude housework performance.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-72
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• 2017

Objectives: Do husbands with working wives share domestic labor more equally than husbands with unemployed housewives? Is the husband's contribution sufficient enough to satisfy his wife? These questions have long inspired many researchers to find ways to more accurately estimate husband's domestic contributions and narrow the emotional gap following the different threshold of satisfaction within couples, but not without some limits. This study attempted to figure out an answer to the above-mentioned subject by using time diaries of Korean married couples with a preschooler as their first-born child and relying on the typology of husbands' sharing of housework and childcare, which allowed me to overcome some limitations of prior research. Method: I analyzed a total of 1,716 diaries of 858 married couples from 2014 Korea Time Use Survey with descriptive statistics, t-test, cluster analysis, and multinomial logit. Results: Analytic results showed that husbands in dual-earner households did share domestic labor more equally than husbands in single-earner households, but there were different types of husband's contribution depending on time they spent in housework and childcare. While more than half of husbands with employed wives shared more or less than ten percent of domestic labor, the rest were divided into one group of husbands who shared both housework and childcare more heavily and evenly, and another group who were mainly involved in childcare duties. It is interesting that husbands who made the least contributions to domestic labor were not the ones with the lowest level of satisfaction with their sharing of household labor, whereas their wives were deeply dissatisfied, leading to a huge emotional gap within couples. Conclusion: Identifying factors associated with the three different types allowed me to find a point of intervention to narrow the emotional gap that is likely to harm the marital relationship if left unattended to.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.121-134
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• 1994

This study was to examine the factors effecting the role conflicts of dual-earner couples. The sample consisted of 168 husbands and wives living in Pusan. The findings of this study were as follows; 1. Husbands' role conflicts were negatively related to cohesion wives' role conflicts were negatively related to adaptability. 2. Husbands' role conflicts were significantly affected by spouses' support time spent at work cohesion and the youngest child age. 3. Wives' role conflicts were significantly affected by spouses' support adaptability time spent at work and the degree of husbands' support, adaptability time spent at work and the degree of husbands' housework participation.