• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

For MOSFET devices with nanometer range gate length, accurate extraction of effective gate length is highly important because transistor characteristics become very sensitive to effective channel length. In this paper, we propose a new approach to extract the effective channel length of nanometer range MOSFET by Capacitance Voltage(C-V) method. The effective channel length is extracted using gate to source/drain capacitance( $C_{gsd}$). It is shown that 1/$\beta$ method, Terada method and other C-V method are inadequate to extract the accurate effective channel length. Therefore, the proposed method is highly effective for extraction of effective channel length of 100nm CMOSFETs.s.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.369-374
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• 2007

For a stability design of steel frames, AISC-LRFD specification recommend to use Alignment Chart and story-based methods in order to determine an effective budding length. Recently, elastic buckling analysis, which is the method that calculate the effective length of members using eigenvalue of the overall structure, has been widely used in practical design of steel frames because this method can be performed effectively and automatically by computers. However, it can in some cases lead to unexpectedly large effective length in column having small axial forces. Therefore, this paper propose a method using elastic buckling analysis, which estimate a proper effective buckling length for all members having a small axial force. For verification of proposed method, it is compared with system based approach and stiffness distribution factor method. As a result, proposed method can rationally solve a problem in some case of column having small axial force. Also, adoption range for proposed method is established.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.437-453
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• 2010

CFRP has been widely used for strengthening reinforced concrete members in last decade. The strain transfer mechanism from concrete face to CFRP is a key factor for rigidity, ductility, energy dissipation and failure modes of concrete members. For these reasons, determination of the effective CFRP bonding length is the most crucial step to achieve effective and economical strengthening. In this paper, generalizations are made on effective bonding length by increasing the amount of test data. For this purpose, ANSYS software is employed, and an experimentally verified nonlinear finite element model is prepared. Special contact elements are utilized along the concrete-CFRP strip interface for investigating stress distribution, load-displacement behavior, and effective bonding length. Then results are compared with the experimental results. The finite element model found consistent results with the experimental findings.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

C- V method is a means to determine the effective channel length for miniaturized MOSFET's. This method achieves L$_{eff}$ by extracting a unique channel length independent extrinsic overlap length($\Delta$L) at a critical gate bias point. In this paper, we conducted an experiment on two different C-V methods. L$_{eff}$ extracted from experiment is compared with L$_{eff}$ simulated from a two-dimensional (2-D) device simulator, and the accuracy of C-V method for L$_{eff}$ extraction is analyzed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.19 no.1 s.27
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• pp.107-122
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to assess the growth changes of craniofacial complex and to establish Korean norms by McNamara's cephalometric analysis. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from males and females with normal occlusion & acceptable profiles in 9-21 years of age. The lateral cephalograms of males & females in 9-13 years of age were serial cephalometric radiograms which were taken at 2 year interval. 11 landmarks, 10 planes and 3 angles were plotted and measured linearly and angularly. The results were as follows: 1. The author made the tables of means, standard deviations in each item, sex, age. 2. During 9-13 years of age, annual growth increments of effective maxillary length, effective mandibular length and lower anterior facial height were 1.90, 2.89 and 0.99mm. 3. The prediction tabulation was made in an attempt to predict effective mandibular length & lower anterior facial height derived from effective maxillary length.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.679-682
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• 2003

Improvement in MOS fabrication technology have led to high-density high-performance integrated circuits with MOSFET channel lengths in the sub-micron range. For devices of the size, transistor characteristics become highly sensitive to effective channel length. We propose a new approach to extract the effective channel length of MOSFET by Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) method. Gate-to-Source, Drain capacitance ( $C_{gsd}$) are measured and the effective channel length can be extracted. In addition, compared to l/$\beta$ method and Terada method, which has been point out that it fails to extract the accurate effective channel length of the devices, we prove that our approach still works well for the devices with down to sub-micron regime.e.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1270-1272
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• 2007

Analytic equations are derived from physical quantities in the gate-source overlap region and the concept of effective gate-source overlap length is proposed. The effective overlap length can be affected by gate voltage, insulator thickness and semiconductor thickness, and the overlap length should be larger than the length to obtain maximum driving current.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07b
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• pp.593-596
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• 1992

An evaluation method for the effective length of electromagnet - which bas U-shape in frontview and trapezoidal in side view - is presented. Using 2D FEM, 2 analysing models are introduced for calculating effective length of the magnet ; the front model is using the normalized equi-pole face area of the magnet and the side model using the normalized equi-magnetic circuit. The ratio of the effective length to the length of bottom plate (core) comes out 1.25 - 1.30. In addition, 3D FEM analysis has been done and a proto-type test model is manufactured to verify the analysing method. The ratio by the experiment appears 1.2, which is reasonably in good agreement with the suggested numerical results.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 2014

The American Concrete Institute (ACI) 318-11 permits the use of the moment magnifier method for computing the design ultimate strength of slender reinforced concrete columns that are part of braced frames. This computed strength is influenced by the column effective length factor K, the equivalent uniform bending moment diagram factor $C_m$ and the effective flexural stiffness EI among other factors. For this study, 2,960 simple braced frames subjected to short-term loads were simulated to investigate the effect of using different methods of calculating the effective length factor K when computing the strength of columns in these frames. The theoretically computed column ultimate strengths were compared to the ultimate strengths of the same columns computed from the ACI moment magnifier method using different combinations of equations for K and EI. This study shows that for computing the column ultimate strength, the current practice of using the Jackson-Moreland Alignment Chart is the most accurate method for determining the effective length factor. The study also shows that for computing the column ultimate strength, the accuracy of the moment magnifier method can be further improved by replacing the current ACI equation for EI with a nonlinear equation for EI that includes variables affecting the column stiffness and proposed in an earlier investigation.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2007

Strut-and-tie models for noncontact lap splices are presented and parameters affecting the effective lap length $(l_p)$ and the splice strength are discussed in this paper. The effective lap length along which bond stress is developed is shorter than the whole lap length. The effective lap length depends on the transverse reinforcement ratio $({\Phi})$ and the ratio of spacing to lap length $({\alpha})$. As the splice-bar spacing becomes wider, the effective lap length decreases and, therefore, the splice strength decreases. The influence of the ratio ${\alpha}$ on the effective lap length becomes more effective when the transverse reinforcement ratio is low. Because the slope of the strut developed between splice-bars becomes steeper as the ratio ${\Phi}$ becomes lower, the splice-bar spacing significantly affects the effective lap length. The proposed strut-and-tie models for noncontact lap splices are capable of considering material and geometric properties and, hence, providing the optimal design for detailing of reinforcements. The proposed strut-and-tie model can explain the experimental results including cracking patterns and the influence of transverse reinforcements on the splice strength reported in the literature. From the comparison with the test results of 25 specimens, the model can predict the splice strengths with 11.1% of coefficient of variation.