• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to clarify the daily dose and uses of Goju-tang in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. Methods : We compared major editions of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases with the original text of Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold and chose the most appropriate text. If none of the existing texts seemed reasonable, We compared texts item by item. When there is nothing adequate even item by item, it was newly modified. These results were compared with currently distributed Pinellia Tuber and standards of eggs. Results : Goju-tang consisted of Goju(vinegar), Pinellia Tuber and an eggshell. Generally, a daily dose was extracted at once and taken 3 times a day, but in Goju-tang, 4 pieces of Pinellia Tuber and one-third Sheong of Goju(solvent) were used, which were one third of average volume. Pinellia Tuber was used cut in small pieces. And it was boiled gradually by low heat. Goju was mainly to reduce the pungency of Pinellia Tuber by cutting raphides of calcium oxalate. The Pot preparing medicines was eggshell which was chosen by its small size, because the volume of Pinellia Tuber and Goju was one-third of average volume. Since an egg shell is consisted of protein, it didn't react with vinegar(Goju). Conclusions : The 4 pieces of Pinellia Tuber and one-third Sheong of Goju(Vinegar) in the Goju-tang were one-third of average dose, and the eggshell was Pot preparing medicines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.801-806
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• 2008

A classical technique to study somitic cell fate is to employ the cross-transplantation of quail somites into a chick host. The densely stained nucleoli of the quail cells makes it possible to assess the fate of the donor quail cells in the chick host. Classical somite transplantation techniques have been hampered by the necessity of a small opening in the chick eggshell, difficulty in hatching the offspring and interspecies post-hatch graft rejection. With the advent of transgenic chicken technology, it is now possible to use embryos from transgenic chickens expressing reporter genes in somite cross-transplantation techniques to remove any possibility of interspecies graft rejection. This report describes using a surrogate eggshell system in conjunction with transgenic chick:chick somitic cell cross-transplantation to generate viable chimeric embryos and offspring. Greater than 40% of manipulated embryos survive past 10 days of incubation, and ~80% of embryos successfully cultured past 10 days of incubation hatched to produce viable offspring.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.621-628
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• 1998

In order to develop an inspection algorithm for an automatic eggshell inspection system, acoustic impulse response with neural network method was studied. An improved error backpropagation algorithm was selected as a loaming rule of neural network, and three layer network was chosen for the neural network architecture. Acoustic signals in time domain and theirs power spectrum were studied as the input to the neural network. The classification feasibility and success rate were investigated in terms of statistical analysis and neural network approach. As a result, the success rate was 95% with the statistical model having five independent variables. Among the neural network models studied, the power spectrum of acoustic signal as the input with 64 input neurons and the two impact data showed the success rate of 95.5% which was slightly higher than of statistical analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.159-162
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• 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary microbial-fermented molasses on egg production and egg quality in laying hens.In total, 90 Hy-line Brown laying hens were divided into two treatment groups (control and 1% microbial-fermented molasses)with three replicates of 15 birds each. During the experimental period, supplementation of hen diets with 1% microbial-fermented molassesdid not influence egg weight, hen-day egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio (p > 0.05), except for feed intake. Regarding egg quality, diets containing 1% microbial-fermented molasses significantly affected eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, and albumen height (p < 0.05). However, there were no remarkable differences between control and 1% microbial-fermented molasses in eggshell color and egg yolk color (p > 0.05). These results indicate that supplementing 1% microbial-fermented molasses to the diet of laying hens improved egg quality parameters such as eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, and albumen height rather than egg production.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.5-13
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• 2016

A calcium source is necessary for calcite precipitation within soil particles by microbial decomposition of urea and a calcium chloride is usually used. The harmful environmental impact of calcium chloride on road, ground and plants is severe. In this study, an eggshell with vinegar is investigated for an environmental-friendly calcium source. Urea-decomposing microorganism and eggshell or calcium chloride as a calcium source are mixed with Ottawa sand to precipitate calcite. Then, the cemented sand with calcite is tested for calcite precipitation, permeability and unconfined compressive strength. A specimen is prepared by loose Ottawa sand in a size of 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height. A urea solution with Sporosarcina pasteurii and two different calcium sources is injected into the specimen once a day for 30 days. Calcite precipitated at average of 7.2% on the specimen with eggshell as a calcium source, which was 1.2 times more than that with calcium chloride. The permeability of a specimen with eggshell was at average of 3.82E-5 cm/s, which was 7.7 times lower than that with calcium chloride. Unconfined compressive strength of a specimen with eggshell was at average of 387 kPa, which was 1.2 times higher than that with calcium chloride. As more calcite precipitated, the strength increased while the permeability decreased, regardless of calcium sources.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1775-1778
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• 2004

The branch-like, feather-like $BaCrO_4$ nano-superstructures were synthesized with bioactive eggshell membrane as directing and assembly template. Studies on the two products revealed that they formed through the self-assembly of nanoparticles, and that the optical properties of the products were different from $BaCrO_4$ bulk materials.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1044-1054
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• 2020

This study was performed to investigate the effects of lotus leaf hot water extracts treatment on the quality and stability of eggs using impregnation treatment through ultrasonication during storage. A total of 480 eggs were categorized into four treatment groups (n=30 each)-non-treated (CON), soaked for 30 min in lotus leaf hot water extracts without ultrasonication (T1), sonicated in distilled water (T2), and sonicated in lotus leaf hot water extracts (T3)-and stored for 15 d at 30℃. The egg weight, Haugh unit (HU), egg grade, albumen height, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, and weight loss were measured for egg quality assessment. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) contents were measured as stability indicators. Additionally, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were evaluated. The HU, egg grade, albumen height, and yolk color of T3 were significantly higher than those of CON (p<0.05). No significant differences in eggshell thickness and eggshell breaking strength are observed among the groups. The weight loss of T3 was significantly lower than that of the other groups during storage (p<0.05). The application of lotus leaf hot water extracts also significantly reduced TBARS and VBN (p<0.05). The TPC, TFC, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of T3 were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that lotus leaf hot water extracts may be useful as a natural ingredient for improving the quality and stability of eggs during storage.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of natural mineral complex fed to laying hens during the summer in terms of the egg quality. A total of 480 laying hens (160 leghorns, 160 Korean native chickens and 160 silkies, all 62 weeks old), were used for 4 weeks. The four dietary treatments were as follows: CON) basal diet; MC1) CON + 0.1% natural mineral complex (NMC); NMC3) CON + 0.3% NMC, and NMC5) CON + 0.5% NMC. In terms of egg weight, the NMC3 and NMC5 treatments had significantly higher egg weights than that of the CON (p < 0.001) in all species. Eggshell strength in the NMC3 and NMC5 treatments was significantly higher than that of the CON in the leghorns on 2 week (p < 0.01). In the Korean native chickens, the eggshell strength for the NMC1, NMC3 and NMC5 treatments was significantly higher than that of the CON during all periods. In 4 week, the eggshell strength for the CON and NMC1 treatment was significantly higher in the leghorns (p < 0.001), but the MC treatments had a significantly higher eggshell strength than that of the CON in Korean native chickens. Egg production was significantly improved in all the treatments compared to the NMC3 treatment (p < 0.05), and hatchability was also improved compared to the CON (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of natural mineral complex in chicken diets influenced the egg quality during the summer season.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2014

This study performed a benefit cost analysis of an automatic eggshell crack detection system. Based on various cost benefit analysis methods, including the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit cost ratio (B/C Ratio), the automatic eggshell crack detection system was confirmed to have economic validity. The NPVs were 175,035,645 won at a 5% discount rate and 129,082,393 won at a 10% discount rate. Plus, the IRRs were 0.686 at a 5% discount rate and 0.660 at a 10% discount rate. Finally, the B/C ratios were 1.981 at a 5% discount rate and 1.900 at a 10% discount rate.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2019

Eggshell is a waste material after the usage of egg. In this work, biowaste chicken eggshells were used for preparing carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles of high purity through aqueous precipitation method at room temperature. The eggshell-derived HA will be a cost-effective bioceramics for biomedical applications and an effective material-recycling technology. Additionally, mulberry leaf extract was used as a template to regulate the morphology, size and crystallinity of HA, and the effects of pH value were also examined. Characterization of the samples was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the size, shape and morphology of HA. The results indicate that only one phase of HA were synthesized in the both absence and presence of mulberry leaf extract at pH of 7 and above, while DCPD or DCPA/DCPD phase was observed at pH 4 condition. The crystallite sizes of the HA samples obviously decreased when adding mulberry leaf extract as a template, while they decreased gradually as the solution pH levels increased. With increasing pH level from 7 to 14, the rod-like HA nanoparticles gradually changed to spherical shape at pH 14. Note that, the obtained product is Mg and Sr containing A- and B-type carbonate HA at alkaline pH and it can be a potential material for biomedical applications.