• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2013

Objectives: To present the bases for health education on electronic cigarettes, we analyze the present state of electronic cigarettes. Methods: We applied descriptive study, reviewing the literature from domestic and foreign electronic databases such as National Discovery for Science Leaders and PubMed. Results: Electronic cigarette has been the subject of much controversy but very little study. I reviewed and summed up the definitions, device safety, health risk, smoking cessation effects, addiction, second hand smoke, and regulations of electronic cigarettes. Conclusion: Finally,I presented the evidence-based contents and desirable direction for health education about electronic cigarettes. The results suggested that the health educators focus on the potential addiction to electronic cigarettes, instead of the cessation effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to verify the degree of smoking behaviors including conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and dual use of conventional and electronic cigarettes among adolescents, and to explore associated intrapersonal and interpersonal factors of the three smoking behavior groups. Methods: The secondary data analysis was performed using the 17th 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The types of smoking behaviors were grouped into conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and dual use for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and a χ² test were performed. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with of the three smoking behavior groups. Results: Among the 54,848 adolescents, 3.6%, 1.2% and 6.2% were involved in conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and the dual use, respectively. The factors associated with the three types of smoking behaviors were depression, suicidal ideation, having a smoking mother, having smoking brothers or sisters, and having smoking friends. Recovery from fatigue by sleep was associated with the dual use of conventional and electronic cigarettes. Anxiety was associated with conventional cigarettes. Having a smoking father was associated with conventional cigarettes and dual use. Conclusion: A significant number of adolescents were involved in not only the use of conventional or electronic cigarettes, but also dual use of them. Adolescents who had depression, suicidal ideation, having a smoking friend, and having a smoking family member were more likely to be involved in the three types of smoking behaviors. Customized interventions to decrease smoking should be developed considering intrapersonal factors as well as interpersonal factors.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.483-491
• /
• 2013

Objectives: Electronic cigarettes are battery powered devices that convert a nicotine-containing liquid into an inhalable vapor. The device aerosolizes nicotine so that it is readily entrained into the respiratory tract, from where it enters the bloodstream. Information on the safety of E-cigarettes is required. Methods: Seventeen articles on studies analyzing toxic substances in the liquid and gas phases of electronic cigarettes were reviewed. Results: Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, known to be carcinogenic agents in humans or animals, were detected in the liquid and gas phases. In addition, diethyl phthalate, acetone, ethanol, cresol, xylene, propylene, styrene, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol cis-3-hexen-1-ol, methyl cinnamate and undecane were identified in the liquid and gas phases of E-cigarettes. Propylene glycol, glycerin, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-hydroxy-2- propanone, acetic acid, 1-menthone, 2,3-butanediol, menthol, carvone, maple lactone, benzyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2-pentanoic acid, ethyl mantel, ethyl cinnamate, myosamine, benzoic acid, 2,3-bipyridine, cotinine, hexadecanoic acid, and 1'1-oxybis-2-propanol were detected in the vapors of E-cigarettes. Conclusion: The hazardous compounds identified in the liquid and gas phases of E-cigarettes should be controlled for the lowest concentrations in the raw materials and production procedures.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2016

Objectives: This study is purpose to recognition the of smoking behavior and the electronic cigarette of university students have a current smoking. Methods: The subjects were university living in Busan, the survey was conducted from March 23 to April 12, 2015, 314 except for 24 copies of non-response and error response among a total of 340 questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analysis methods used in this study are $x^2$-test, Linear Regression Analysis and other basic statistics such frequency, percentage using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Electronic cigarette has been analyzed to be recognized non smoking, smoking reduces, good health than conventional cigarettes, convenient to use, there is no smell, can smoke in any place and as safe. Gender, grade, non smoking experience, non smoking and accept factors were analyzed to influence the use of electronic cigarettes. Conclusions: We suggest an established institutional arrangements and regulations, take advantage of various health programs development, and ongoing health education.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.340-353
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare and analyze the smoking-related social-ecological factors affecting attempts to quit smoking by adolescents using tobacco cigarettes only and also those adolescents using tobacco cigarettes along with electronic cigarettes. Methods: This study, as secondary analysis research, used the raw data from the 14th Korea youth risk behavior survey 2018. The data was analyzed by frequency analysis, the Rao-scott χ²-test and logistic regression analysis when considering the complex sample's analysis. Results: On logistic regression analysis, during their first smoking period, intense physical activities and having friends who smoked were associated with significantly more attempts to quit smoking by cigarettes smokers, and their first smoking period and experiences of undergoing smoking cessation education were associated with significantly more attempts to quit smoking for dual smokers of both tobacco cigarettes and electronic ones. Conclusion: As a result of this study, we identified the need to differentiate different types of smoking cessation counseling and education according to the types of smoking in adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on the use of electronic cigarettes by identifying the relationship between smoking and smoking behavior and the use of electronic cigarettes. Methods: This study used data from 8,150 participants of the 'Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)' s 7th (2016). In this study, 1,051 people currently smoking were analyzed. The number of people using electronic cigarettes was 74 among current smokers. Results: The age of onset of smoking was 20.46 years old in the group not using electronic cigarette, and the age of starting smoking was 18.12 years old in the group using electronic cigarette(p<.001). In the education level, the current use of electronic cigarette was 1.82 times higher in high school graduates than college graduates(p<.005). The reason for using electronic cigarette was 4.32 times higher than other reasons for using electronic cigarette for the purpose of smoking cessation(p<.005). Conclusions: For the smoking cessation society, education for the electronic cigarette is needed from the adolescence and selective management for the people who use the electronic cigarette for the purpose of smoking cessation is needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 2011

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarrettes) were recently introduced and advertised as a smoking cession device in South Korea. As the social norm to quit smoking has gained hold in the country, the number of e-cigarette users is growing rapidly. This phenomenon should be urgently considered, because of the lack of research that has been conducted to examine the safety of e-cigarettes and its efficacy as a smoking cessation aid. This paper raises several public health concerns on e-cigarettes in South Korea. Uncertain regulations of the government on e-cigarettes are contributing to an increase of e-cigarette users and allowing the e-cigarette industry to circumvent existing regulations. The aggressive marketing activity of this industry is also a core factor that is responsible for the rapid increase of e-cigarette use, in particular among the youth. Following the enforcement of tobacco control, some cigarette smokers may be encouraged to purchase e-cigarettes in order to circumvent the regulations, even though the dual use of e-cigarette and cigarette may be more harmful. Until there is clear evidence of the e-cigarette’s safety, it is recommended that the industry’s marketing and promotional activities be banned and closely monitored, and public campaigns be initiated to educate the public regarding e-cigarettes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.336-346
• /
• 2017

Objectives: To characterize the usage patterns of new types of tobacco products (NTTPs) to develop effective strategies for the regulation of NTTPs in Korea. Methods: We conducted focus group interviews to identify the NTTP usage patterns of research subjects. The NTTPs were limited to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), waterpipe tobacco, and rolling tobacco. We categorized 30 research subjects into 4 groups. The ecigarette group was divided into adult and adolescent groups. Each group contained 7-8 subjects. An interview lasting approximately 2 hours was conducted with each group. Results: Ninety percent of NTTP users used an NTTP in combination with conventional cigarettes. Subjects mostly bought NTTPs online, unlike how they bought cigarettes. Additionally, a great deal of information, such as how to use NTTPs and descriptions of NTTP products, was exchanged through online or offline societies. The primary reason why the subjects used NTTPs was that NTTPs offer a greater range of flavors and aromas than cigarettes. Moreover, NTTPs were felt to be less repulsive than cigarettes. NTTPs were not used as a cigarette substitute; rather, they were mostly used in places and situations where traditional cigarette smoking was not allowed. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the government should conduct studies on the effects of the combined use of NTTPs and cigarettes on the human body, obtain and provide accurate data regarding NTTP use, and develop and implement polices to ban NTTP advertising, which may arouse adolescents' curiosity, and the addition of flavoring substances to tobacco products.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.477-481
• /
• 2017

We report a case of a 51 years old female with a 25 pack year smoking history who underwent bilateral mastectomy and immediate tissue expander reconstruction for newly diagnosed right breast cancer. The patient reported herself as a non-smoker despite significant e-cigarette use, with resulting significant mastectomy skin flap necrosis and breast reconstruction failure. Little is known about the physiologic effect of e-cigarettes on wound healing and tissue perfusion. To this end, we provide an updated review of the impact of e-cigarettes on surgical outcomes. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and PRS GO were searched for the terms "e-cigarette", "electronic cigarette", "e-cig", "electronic nicotine delivery system", "vaping", "surgery", "surgical", "peri-operative", "operate", "operative", and "wound healing". Abstract review of all articles was performed. 123 articles returned that contained both variants of e-cigarettes and surgery as keywords. Of those, manual assessment returned three articles which were found to be relevant to e-cigarette use in the surgical patient. No articles were found that compared perioperative complications in e-cigarette versus traditional cigarette users in humans. In conclusion, our case report depicts the potential dangers associated with e-cigarette use in the surgical patient. There is a public misconception that e-cigarettes are healthier than traditional cigarettes and as such their use may go unreported by patients. Early evidence suggests e-cigarettes may induce some of the same physiologic changes as traditional cigarettes, and may have a significant deleterious effect on wound healing.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.133-143
• /
• 2022

E-cigarettes were considered safe at the early stage of market entry because they were thought not to contain harmful ingredients such as nicotine and because the smoke emitted was vapor. For this reason, the use of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes or as a smoking cessation aid has emerged. However, the study results on the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation are mixed. In response to the increased use of e-cigarettes, foreign countries have implemented various regulations, such as utilizing e-cigarettes for smoking cessation with a prescription in Australia; however, South Korea is still standing firm on recommending not to use e-cigarettes at all. Therefore, the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and the regulatory trends of e-cigarette use overseas will be reviewed to discuss the future direction in South Korea needs to take.