• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 1999

This study was carried out to establish an effective system for embryo transfer of techniques by analyzing several factors affecting the gestation length and the weight changes of calves produced from embryo transfer in Korean cattle. The results obtained in study on factors affecting the gestation length and the weight changes of calves produced from embryo transfer were as fallow; 1) The gestation length and the birth weight did not differ between male and female, but the weight changes after birth were remarkablely different between sex(P<0.05). 2) The gestation length between heifers and cows was not different, and body weights at birth and 6 months were remarkabley heavy in cows(P<0.05). Weight changes after 6 months were not different. 3) The gestation length and the birth weight were significantly different between the single and twin calving (P<0.05). Weight of twin at 6 and 12 months were remarkabely light. 4) Calving seasons did not affect the gestation length the and the birth weight. Weaning weight was significantly heavy(P<0.05), but weight changes after weaning were no different among the calving seasons. Conclusivley, this results suggest that cows will be better when considering growth of calves and twin produced from embryo trnsfer in Korean cattle.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.171-174
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• 1995

Freshly harvested American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) seeds were stratified at two locations over each of three years. Seed development and temperature in the stratification boxes were investigated until the seed was removed 12 months later and direct-seeded in the field. During stratification and seeding (14 months) three embryo stages were identified. In Stage I of 250 days (Sept. to mid-May) embryo length increased from about 0.5 to 1.0 mm: in Stage II of 100 days (mid-May to late Aug. when seeded) length increased to 2.0 mm and in Stage III (late Aug. to late Nov.) length increased to 5.3 mm. Excerpt split width could also be placed in three stages. Changes in embryo length correlated with embryo endosperm length ratio. Insertion compression tests showed that the excerpt softened rapidly in late Stage II and throughout Stage III. The stratification box temperatures at all depths (10, 25 and 50 cm) never exceeded -2$^{\circ}C$ even when the air temperatures dropped to -13$^{\circ}C$ and were, therefore not damaging to the seeds.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 1989

Potential teratogenicity of sodium glycyrrizinate in developing chick embryo was investigated. Body length was shortened significantly by dosage related when compared to untreated and vehicle control, but there was no significant difference on body weight, hind-limb length, claw length in all of the groups.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.308-313
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• 1995

In relation to shortening generation by using embryo culture of barley immature seed, it is important to find out profitable embryo age for embryo culture and to understand the relationship among embryo and other characters. Two varieties(Olbori and Dusan #12) were cultivated under two growth conditions(15/10 and 25/15$^{\circ}C$). The embryos were aseptically excised when immature seeds were collected 9, 13, 17, 21, 25 and 29 days after heading and cultured on $B_5$ medium. On the 21st day after heading, the length of embryos from top or middle part of spike was longer than that from bottom part. Embryos from bottom part under low temperature condition had the shortest length. Shoot length, root length and root number after embryo culture were little difference among three parts of spike under high temperature condition. Under low temperature, seedlings from bottom part of spike were inferior to those from top or middle part. Length of 29-day-old embryos under low temperature condition was similar to that of 17-day-old ones under high. Under high temperature condition, the length of 17-day-old embryo had positive correlation with kernel width, shoot length, root length and root number, but that of 21-day-old one didn't have. Seventeen-day-old embryos obtained from 25/15$^{\circ}C$ growth condition seem to be efficient to shortening generation by using embryo culture.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 1997

This study was carried out to determine the effect of uterus shortening on the pvaries, the length of uterine horn and the recovery of embryos. The length of the shortened uterine horns increased more in part of uterine tip from connecting part for shortening than in base (P<0.05), and collection of embryos was also difficult in gilts because of its narrow pelvis. The embryos collected surgically from gilts with shortened uterine horns were developed into 2~8cells (87.5%) 3days and 4cell~morula (88.9%) 5days after mating.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.305-308
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• 2004

We have examined alcohol-induced malformation of chick embryo. Alcohol was considered to induce the malformation of developing embryo and to have bad effects on embryonic stage. We injected alcohol into air sac on day 4 of incubation. Ten ％ alcohol-treated group showed a little decrease on their body length compared to the untreated group and distilled water-treated group. Thirty ％ alcohol-treated group showed significant decrease on their body length compared to the untreated group and 10％ ethanol treated group. In addition, we have observed malformation of eyeballs and bills. These results indicate that alcohol affects chicken developments and brings on malformation of developing stage.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2018

This study was carried out to develop the seed propagation method of Dicenta spectabilis (L.) Lem. which is an ornamental plant native to Korea. In the previous studies, it was found that the seeds of D. spectabilis were morphophysiologically dormant (MPD), and high and low temperature of stratification were continuously required for the embryo growth and germination of the seeds. Especially, it was most effective to store for 1 month at $20^{\circ}C$ and then to transfer to $4^{\circ}C$. The treatment of $GA_3$ was carried out to promote embryo development and germination. The seeds were submerged in 100, 200 or $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ for 72 hours and then stored at various conditions as follow. The temperature conditions disposed of this experiment were 1 month at 10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ or 2, 4, 8, and 12 months at $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. As a result, the length of embryo and germination rate of the seeds were the best when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 8 months after $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ treatment. Besides, when the seeds stored at $4^{\circ}C$, significant differences in embryo length and germination rate were shown with $GA_3$ concentration and storage period. It was also proved that high-concentration of $GA_3$ could replace the high temperature and could promote germination. Consequentially, the D. spectabilis seeds were classified into intermediate simple levels among MPD types.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.302-308
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• 2005

This study was carried out to obtain the basic informations on the characteristics of gametophytes formation and embryo developement in Dicentra spectabilis. Microspore mother cells developed from archesporial cells, start meiosis when flower bud length reaches around 1 mm, formed tetrahedral type tetrad. The 4 microspores were separated. They were developed to male gametophytes, respectively. Megaspore mother cells were observed when flower bud length was $4{\sim}5\;mm$. The developemental type of megaspore was polygonum and embryo sac was amphitropous. Three large and distinctive antipodals did not degenerated and remained after embryo sac was developed. When the male and female gametophytes was fully developed, the length of stamen and style was very similar or stamen was shorter about 0.5 mm than that of style. This result indicates that self-fertilization can be occurred in this species. After fertilization, developing zygotic embryos showed various stages of development from globular to cotyledonary embryos, and zygotic embryo in seed scattering time seemed to have an early cotyledonary stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the physicochemical properties of a giant embryo rice 'P47JB-4-B-5-B' derived from the cross between 'P47', a mutant of 'Hwayoung' induced by T-DNA insertion, and 'Junam'. The grain appearance and chemical components of the embryo were analyzed and compared with a donor cultivar, 'Hwayoung'. The proportion of embryo weight to grain weight of 'P47 JB-4-B-5-B' was 2.2 times heavier (6.7%) than that (3.1%) of 'Hwayoung'. Total free amino acid content (75.81 mg/100 g) of 'P47JB-4-B-5-B' was 2.1 times higher than that of 'Hwayoung'. The GABA content in brown rice was 14.06 mg/100 g in 'P47JB-4-B-5-B' and 6.8 mg/100 g in 'Hwayoung'. Especially, the GABA content in brown rice of 'P47JB-4-B-5-B' remarkably increased (about 33 times from 1.48 mg to 44.81 mg/100 g) 2 days after germination. Continuous frequency distributions and transgressive segregation in embryo length and width were observed in the $F_2$ population of the cross between 'P47' and 'Cheongcheong', indicating that the giant embryo was controlled by quantitative trait loci. However, embryo length and width demonstrated high broad sense heritability, implying that giant embryonic traits could be selected in earlier generations in comparison with other quantitative traits.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Recently, giant embryonic rice and functional rice food are preferred by more consumers, which are attributed to the fact that the embryo has high concentrations of essential amino acids, fatty acids, and vitamins relative to other parts of rice grains. In this report, the heredity and stability of giant embryo mutations in successive generations were analyzed regarding a giant embryonic line, 'P47', induced by T-DNA insertion and a $F_2$ population from a cross between 'P47' and 'Junam'. The mutant lines with increases of 1.5, 1.7 and 1.8 times on embryo length, width and 100-embryo weight to those of the control showed stable inheritance across three generations. The continuous frequency distributions of embryo size in the $F_2$ population showed that the embryo size is a quantitative trait of polygene controlled. In addition, wide range of transgressive segregations of six traits affecting embryo size confirmed exchange of genetic materials and recombination between genes controlling embryo size. Five giant embryo mutant lines selected from the $F_2$ population will be used for artificial selection and improvement of giant embryonic varieties.