• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.746-752
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• 2017

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a relatively new engineered wood for timber construction. It is a great shear wall material. It was known that the shear performance of the CLT wall depends on the performance of connections. In connection, nail or screw has to be installed with a certain distance from the end of the timber. Current building code specifies the distance on the name of end distance. The end distance was decided as a minimum distance not to make splitting or tearing out in lumber or glued laminated timber. As a relatively new engineered wood, the end distance of CLT connection need to be identified because CLT is cross-wisely glued lumber products like plywood. Different from glued laminated timber or lumber, cross layer of CLT may prevent wood from splitting or tearing-out. As a result, the end distance of CLT was expected to be reduced than glued laminated timber. The shorter end distance may let more versatile connector design possible. In this study, prior to developing novel connection for CLT, the end distance of CLT connection was experimentally investigated to identify the end distance limitation. The experiments showed that the end distance can be reduced from 7D to 6D, in case of the tested CLT combination and screw in this study.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2007년도 학술대회
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• pp.215-218
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• 2007

In this paper, we have analyzed the effects from the change of separation distance between grounding equipment at end of telecommunication line and the inducting facilities in power inducting situation. In the result of measurement, we can see that as the separation distance between grounding equipment ant end of telecommunication line and the inducting facility become longer, the induced noise level and PIF level is decreased. From the another experiment results about the effect of changing the impedance size in both ends of telecommunication line, however, we already knew that as the ground impedance at either end of the telecommunication line become grower, the noise level is increased, and as the ground impedance at either end of the telecommunication line become smaller, the noise level is decreased. Hence we can not define the relationship exactly between separation distance from inducting facility to inducted facility and the induced noise level because when the grounding equipment is moved, its impedance size is changed too. In conclusion, changing the separation distance between grounding equipment at end of telecommunication line and the inducting facilities have not influence on the induced noise level.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.44-49
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• 1982

Dynamic and equilibrium structures of a polymer chain immersed in solvent molecules have been investigated by a molecular dynamic method. The calculation employs the Lennard-Jones potential function to represent the interactions between two solvent molecules (SS) and between a constituent particle (monomer unit) of the polymer chain and a solvent molecule (CS) as well as between two non-nearest neighbor constituent particles of the polymer chain (CC), while the chemical bond for nearest neighbor constituent particles was chosen to follow a harmonic oscillator potential law. The correlation function for the SS, CS and CC pairs, the end-to-end distance square and the radius of gyration square were calculated by varying the chain length (= 5, 10, 15, 20). The computed end-to-end distance square and the radius of gyration square were found to be in a fairly good agreement with the corresponding results from the random-flight model. Unlike earlier works, the present simulation rsesult shows that the autocorrelation function of radius of gyration square decays slower than that of the end-to-end distance square.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.676-683
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• 2021

Wi-Fi Round-trip timing (RTT) based location estimation technology estimates the distance between the user and the AP based on the transmission and reception time of the signal. This is because reception instability and signal distortion are greater than that of a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based fingerprint in an indoor NLOS environment, resulting in a large position error due to multipath fading. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose an end-to-end based WiFi Trilateration Net (WTN) that combines neural network-based RTT correction and trilateral positioning network, respectively. The proposed WTN is composed of an RNN-based correction network to improve the RTT distance accuracy and a neural network-based trilateral positioning network for real-time positioning implemented in an end-to-end structure. The proposed network improves learning efficiency by changing the trilateral positioning algorithm, which cannot be learned through differentiation due to mathematical operations, to a neural network. In addition, in order to increase the stability of the TOA based RTT, a correction network is applied in the scanning step to collect reliable distance estimation values from each RTT AP.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2010

Because of power consumption increase, global warming, and limitation of installation, not only high reliability and interruption capability but also compact and light power apparatuses are needed. In this paper, E field calculation and experiment were processed to identify the influence of the shape of end shield and gap distance. It is expected that the results of FEM simulation and experiments could be the basic data to develop VI. the results of FEM simulation and experiments are as following. Firstly, maximum E fields were compared by means of finite element method as a function of the shape of end shield. 3 types of models were used to analyze maximum E field of each model and the influence of shape of shield could be identified. As a result, proposed L type shield could reduce the maximum E field by 20%. Secondly, the influence of the gap distance between end shields on E field was analyzed. As the gap distance become short the gap distance between inner walls of ceramic also become short. And the maximum E field concentrated on inner wall of ceramic finally increased. Thirdly, the experiment was conducted by fabricating each prototype. As a result, no creepage occurred in shieldless model. In other words, creepage occurred in the shield-installed models. And creepage inception voltages were different from each other because of the difference of maximum E field. Fourthly, The equation that shows relation between calculated E field and measured creepage inception voltage was proposed as a result of FEM analysis and experiment. It is concluded that when designing VI this equation could be important data to reduce time and cost by identifying indirectly the optimal gap distance and the shape of shield required to prevent creepage.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examined the distance between the coracoid process and the humeral head using an ultrasonography device when shoulder active contraction were applied according to the guided direction in the end range of shoulder mobilization. This study aims to provide essential data on treating shoulder disease patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were 20 adults with healthy shoulder joints. ultrasonography (US) equipment was used to examine shoulder joint mobilization under two conditions: (1) anteroposterior (AP) joint mobilization and (2) superoinferior (SI) joint mobilization. Shoulder active contraction was assessed in the end range. The distance between the coracoid process and the humeral head was measured. A linear probe was used for US; the frequency was set to 7.5MHz, and the US image display method was set to B-mode. The US measurement values were measured in (1) the starting position, (2) the end range position, and (3) the end range position of the shoulder active contraction, and the moving distance was drawn in a straight line through the US image. The distance was determined as the measurement value, and the average values were compared. Reults: The results were as follows: (1) the measured AP Joint mobilization increased by an average of .52cm from the end range of the joint mobilization with shoulder active contraction; (2) the measured SI Joint mobilization increased by an average of .49cm from the end range of the joint. Conclusion: When shoulder mobilization is applied, the distance between the coracoid process and the humeral head increases when muscle contraction occurs through shoulder active contraction in the end range, according to the therapist's guidance. Therefore, shoulder mobilization combined with shoulder active contraction is an effective treatment method for patients with shoulder injuries.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

The data delivery confirmation method of MIL-STD-188-220C, which is a tactical wireless mobile Ad-Hoc communication protocol, is that a source node requires the end-to-end ack from all destination nodes and the data-link ack from 1-hop neighboring destination nodes and relaying nodes, regardless of the hop distance from a source node to destination nodes. This method has the problem to degrade the whole communication network performance because of excessive data traffic due to the duplicate use of end-to-end ack and data-link ack, and the collision among end-to-end acks on the wireless network in the case of confirming a data delivery within an 1-hop distance. In order to solve this problem, this paper has proposed the method to perform the data delivery confirmation with the improvement of communication network performance through the data traffic reduction by achieving the reliable data delivery confirmation requiring the only data-link ack within an 1-hop distance. The effects of the proposed method are analyzed in the two aspects of the data delivery confirmation delay time and the data delivery confirmation success ratio.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.824-827
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of joint position on the distraction distance in patients with adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. The study was conducted upon 20 adults in their 40's with the findings of adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint. These subjects were subdivided into 3 groups, which were a group with neutral position(n=7), second group with resting position(n=7) and third group with end-range position(n=6). After having the subject wearing sleeveless shirts exposing armpit and lying straight on the plinth, a physical therapist with OMT qualification pulled glenohumeral joint at the Grade III of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction; and the distance between glenoid fossa and humeral head was measured with ultrasound. Following the application of traction, the group with resting position($.67{\pm}0.29$) exhibited the longest distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa, and it was followed by neutral position($.50{\pm}0.25$) and end-range position($.35{\pm}.21$) in this order. From the comparison of these groups, there was no significant difference in distraction distance between resting position and neutral position; and there was again no significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and neutral position. However, there was a significant difference in distraction distance between end-range position and resting position(p<.05). Upon application of the Grade III of Kaltenborn-Evjenth traction, it was evident that the distance between humeral head and glenoid fossa can be varied depending on the location of the joint.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 교량 단부의 레일지지점 간격, 교량과 교대사이 거리(유간) 및 교량 단부 회전각을 고려하여 콘크리트 궤도가 부설된 교량 단부 궤도의 거동을 분석하였다. 궤도구조가 고려된 교량 및 교대 시험체를 이용한 실내시험 결과, 동일한 유간(레일지지점 간격)에서 교량 단부 회전각이 증가함에 따라 레일의 변위가 선형적으로 비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이러한 레일의 변위는 레일 및 체결구의 발생응력에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 다중 회귀분석을 수행하여 레일지지점 간격 및 교량의 단부 회전각을 매개변수로 하는 철도교량 단부 궤도의 궤도-교량 상호작용력 예측식을 도출하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권12호
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• pp.1808-1813
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• 2018

I develop a transfer matrix algorithm for computing the geometric quantities of a square lattice polymer with nearest-neighbor interactions. The radius of gyration, the end-to-end distance, and the monomer-to-end distance were computed as functions of the temperature. The computation time scales as ${\lesssim}1.8^N$ with a chain length N, in contrast to the explicit enumeration where the scaling is ${\sim}2.7^N$. Various techniques for reducing memory requirements are implemented.