• 제목/요약/키워드: equivalent static wind loads

검색결과 22건 처리시간 0.019초

Equivalent static wind loads for stability design of large span roof structures

  • Gu, Ming;Huang, Youqin
    • Wind and Structures
    • /
    • 제20권1호
    • /
    • pp.95-115
    • /
    • 2015
  • Wind effects on roofs are usually considered by equivalent static wind loads based on the equivalence of displacement or internal force for structural design. However, for large-span spatial structures that are prone to dynamic instability under strong winds, such equivalent static wind loads may be inapplicable. The dynamic stability of spatial structures under unsteady wind forces is therefore studied in this paper. A new concept and its corresponding method for dynamic instability-aimed equivalent static wind loads are proposed for structural engineers. The method is applied in the dynamic stability design of an actual double-layer cylindrical reticulated shell under wind actions. An experimental-numerical method is adopted to study the dynamic stability of the shell and the dynamic instability originating from critical wind velocity. The dynamic instability-aimed equivalent static wind loads of the shell are obtained.

Analysis of three dimensional equivalent static wind loads of symmetric high-rise buildings based on wind tunnel tests

  • Liang, Shuguo;Zou, Lianghao;Wang, Dahai;Huang, Guoqing
    • Wind and Structures
    • /
    • 제19권5호
    • /
    • pp.565-583
    • /
    • 2014
  • Using synchronous surface pressures from the wind tunnel test, the three dimensional wind load models of high-rise buildings are established. Furthermore, the internal force responses of symmetric high-rise buildings in along-wind, across-wind and torsional directions are evaluated based on mode acceleration method, which expresses the restoring force as the summation of quasi-static force and inertia force components. Accordingly the calculation methods of equivalent static wind loads, in which the contributions of the higher modes can be considered, of symmetric high-rise buildings in along-wind, across-wind and torsional directions are deduced based on internal forces equivalence. Finally the equivalent static wind loads of an actual symmetric high-rise building are obtained by this method, and compared with the along-wind equivalent static wind loads obtained by China National Standard.

Non-Gaussian approach for equivalent static wind loads from wind tunnel measurements

  • Kassir, Wafaa;Soize, Christian;Heck, Jean-Vivien;De Oliveira, Fabrice
    • Wind and Structures
    • /
    • 제25권6호
    • /
    • pp.589-608
    • /
    • 2017
  • A novel probabilistic approach is presented for estimating the equivalent static wind loads that produce a static response of the structure, which is "equivalent" in a probabilistic sense, to the extreme dynamic responses due to the unsteady pressure random field induced by the wind. This approach has especially been developed for complex structures (such as stadium roofs) for which the unsteady pressure field is measured in a boundary layer wind tunnel with a turbulent incident flow. The proposed method deals with the non-Gaussian nature of the unsteady pressure random field and presents a model that yields a good representation of both the quasi-static part and the dynamical part of the structural responses. The proposed approach is experimentally validated with a relatively simple application and is then applied to a stadium roof structure for which experimental measurements of unsteady pressures have been performed in boundary layer wind tunnel.

Improved modeling of equivalent static loads on wind turbine towers

  • Gong, Kuangmin;Chen, Xinzhong
    • Wind and Structures
    • /
    • 제20권5호
    • /
    • pp.609-622
    • /
    • 2015
  • This study presents a dynamic response analysis of operational and parked wind turbines in order to gain better understanding of the roles of wind loads on turbine blades and tower in the generation of turbine response. The results show that the wind load on the tower has a negligible effect on the blade responses of both operational and parked turbines. Its effect on the tower response is also negligible for operational turbine, but is significant for parked turbine. The tower extreme responses due to the wind loads on blades and tower of parked turbine can be estimated separately and then combined for the estimation of total tower extreme response. In current wind turbine design practice, the tower extreme response due to the wind loads on blades is often represented as a static response under an equivalent static load in terms of a concentrated force and a moment at the tower top. This study presents an improved equivalent static load model with additional distributed inertial force on tower, and introduces the square-root-of-sum-square combination rule, which is shown to provide a better prediction of tower extreme response.

Wind load effects and equivalent static wind loads of three-tower connected tall buildings based on wind tunnel tests

  • Ke, Shitang;Wang, Hao;Ge, Yaojun
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
    • /
    • 제58권6호
    • /
    • pp.967-988
    • /
    • 2016
  • Due to the significant aerodynamic interference from sub-towers and surrounding tall buildings, the wind loads and dynamic responses on main tower of three-tower connected tall building typically change especially compared with those on the isolated single tall building. This paper addresses the wind load effects and equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs) of three-tower connected tall building based on measured synchronous surface pressures in a wind tunnel. The variations of the global shape coefficients and extremum wind loads of main tower structure with or without interference effect under different wind directions are studied, pointing out the deficiency of the traditional wind loads based on the load codes for the three-tower connected tall building. The ESWLs calculation method based on elastic restoring forces is proposed, which completely contains the quasi-static item, inertia item and the coupled effect between them. Then the wind-induced displacement and acceleration responses for main tower of three-tower connected tall building in the horizontal and torsional directions are investigated, subsequently the structural basal and floor ESWLs under different return periods, wind directions and damping ratios are studied. Finally, the action mechanism of interference effect on structural wind effects is investigated. Main conclusions can provide a sientific basis for the wind-resistant design of such three-tower connected tall building.

Equivalent static wind loads analysis of tall television towers considering terrain factors of hilltops based on force measurement experiment

  • Ke, Shitang;Wang, Hao;Ge, Yaojun;Zhao, Lin;Cao, Shuyang
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
    • /
    • 제63권4호
    • /
    • pp.509-519
    • /
    • 2017
  • Wind field in mountainous regions demonstrates unique distribution characteristic as compared with the wind field of the flat area, wind load and wind effect are the key considerations in structural design of television towers situated in mountainous regions. The television tower to be constructed is located at the top of Xiushan Mountain in Nanjing, China. In order to investigate the impact of terrain factors of hilltops on wind loads, firstly a wind tunnel test was performed for the mountainous area within 800m from the television tower. Then the tower basal forces such as bending moments and shear strength were obtained based on high frequency force balance (HFFB) test. Based on the experiments, the improved method for determining the load combinations was applied to extract the response distribution patterns of foundation internal force and peak acceleration of the tower top, then the equivalent static wind loads were computed under different wind angles, load conditions and equivalent goals. The impact of terrain factors, damping ratio and equivalent goals on the wind load distribution of a television tower was discussed. Finally the equivalent static wind loads of the television tower under the 5 most adverse wind angles and 5 most adverse load conditions were computed. The experimental method, computations and research findings provide important references for the anti-wind design of high-rise structure built on hilltops.

대스팬 지붕구조물의 등가정적 풍하중 산정에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Equivalent Static Wind Load Estimation of Large Span Roofs)

  • 이명호;김지영;김대영;김상대
    • 한국공간구조학회논문집
    • /
    • 제6권1호
    • /
    • pp.83-90
    • /
    • 2006
  • Gust Factor법은 구조물의 등가정적 풍하중을 평가하는 일반적인 방법으로 구조물의 최대 응답시의 풍하중의 분포가 평균풍하중의 분포와 동일한 형상을 가진다는 가정하에 적용한다. 그러나 대스팬 구조물의 경우 평균 풍하중의 형상과 변동 풍하중의 형상이 다를 수 있어 1차모드뿐 아니라 고차모드의 영향을 고려하여 구조물의 풍응답과 풍하중을 산정하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 등가정적 풍하중을 산정하기 위하여 현재 사용되고 있는 Gust Factor 법 (GF법), Load-response-correlation법 (LRC법)에 대해 고찰하고, Advanced Conditional Sampling 법 (ACS법)을 제안하였다. ACS법은 최대하중효과를 나타내는 순간에 선택된 풍압분포와 구조물의 동적거동에 의해 발생한 관성력을 합성하여 등가정적풍하중을 산정하는 방법이다. 최대하중 효과는 풍동실험에서 얻어진 풍압데이터를 이용하여 시간이력해석으로 평가한다. 제안된 ACS법과 기존의 GF법 및 LRC법을 지붕 구조물에 적용하여 등가정적 풍하중을 산출하고 이를 상호 비교 분석함으로써 ACS법의 유효성을 검증하고자 한다.

  • PDF

Wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads of tower-blade coupled large wind turbine system

  • Ke, S.T.;Wang, T.G.;Ge, Y.J.;Tamura, Y.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
    • /
    • 제52권3호
    • /
    • pp.485-505
    • /
    • 2014
  • This study aimed to develop an approach to accurately predict the wind models and wind effects of large wind turbines. The wind-induced vibration characteristics of a 5 MW tower-blade coupled wind turbine system have been investigated in this paper. First, the blade-tower integration model was established, which included blades, nacelle, tower and the base of the wind turbine system. The harmonic superposition method and modified blade element momentum theory were then applied to simulate the fluctuating wind field for the rotor blades and tower. Finally, wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads (ESWL) of the system were studied based on the modified consistent coupling method, which took into account coupling effects of resonant modes, cross terms of resonant and background responses. Furthermore, useful suggestions were proposed to instruct the wind resistance design of large wind turbines. Based on obtained results, it is shown from the obtained results that wind-induced responses and ESWL were characterized with complicated modal responses, multi-mode coupling effects, and multiple equivalent objectives. Compared with the background component, the resonant component made more contribution to wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads at the middle-upper part of the tower and blades, and cross terms between background and resonant components affected the total fluctuation responses, while the background responses were similar with the resonant responses at the bottom of tower.

An efficient method for universal equivalent static wind loads on long-span roof structures

  • Luo, Nan;Liao, Haili;Li, Mingshui
    • Wind and Structures
    • /
    • 제25권5호
    • /
    • pp.493-506
    • /
    • 2017
  • Wind-induced response behavior of long-span roof structures is very complicated, showing significant contributions of multiple vibration modes. The largest load effects in a huge number of members should be considered for the sake of the equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs). Studies on essential matters and necessary conditions of the universal ESWLs are discussed. An efficient method for universal ESWLs on long-span roof structures is proposed. The generalized resuming forces including both the external wind loads and inertial forces are defined. Then, the universal ESWLs are given by a combination of eigenmodes calculated by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis. Firstly, the least squares method is applied to a matrix of eigenmodes by using the influence function. Then, the universal ESWLs distribution is obtained which reproduces the largest load effects simultaneously. Secondly, by choosing the eigenmodes of generalized resuming forces as the basic loading distribution vectors, this method becomes efficient. Meanwhile, by using the constraint equations, the universal ESWLs becomes reasonable. Finally, reproduced largest load effects by load-response-correlation (LRC) ESWLs and universal ESWLs are compared with the actual largest load effects obtained by the time domain response analysis for a long-span roof structure. The results demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed universal ESWLs method.

Tall Building Database-assisted Design: a Review of NIST Research

  • Yeo, DongHun;Potra, Florian A.;Simiu, Emil
    • 국제초고층학회논문집
    • /
    • 제8권4호
    • /
    • pp.265-273
    • /
    • 2019
  • The purpose of this review paper is to briefly describe main the features of novel procedures developed by the National of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the design of tall buildings. Topics considered in the paper include: the division of tasks between wind and structural engineers; the determination of wind effects with specified mean recurrence intervals by accounting for wind directionality; the risk-consistent design of structures subjected to multiple wind hazards; iterative dynamic analyses and member sizing, including the use of modern optimization approaches; and commonalities of and differences between Database-assisted Design (DAD) and Equivalent Static Wind Loads procedures. An example of the application of the DAD procedure is presented for a reinforced concrete structure. Also included in the paper is an introduction to ongoing research on the estimation of wind load factors or of augmented design mean recurrence intervals commensurate with the uncertainties in the factors that determine the wind effects.