• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. (Saururaceae) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of dysuria, leukorrhea, eczema, jaundice and ascites in Korea, China and Japan. Ethanol extract of S. chinensis was successively partitioned as methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and $H_2O$ soluble fractions. Among those fractions the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. To verify antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate fraction, we checked the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and intracellular ROS level and oxidative stress tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, to see if increased stress tolerance of worms by treating of ethyl acetate fraction was due to regulation of stress-response gene, we quantified SOD-3 expression using transgenic strain. Consequently, ethyl acetate fraction elevated SOD and catalase activities of C. elegans, and reduced intracellular ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worms exhibited significantly higher SOD-3::GFP intensity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.661-667
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• 2014

To investigate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of Opuntia humifusa cladodes, O. humifusa cladodes powder was extracted with 75% ethanol and fractionated with various solvents. Among the extracts fractionated with various solvents, ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of O. humifusa cladodes were highest ($89.94{\pm}1.15%$ and $29.01{\pm}3.03%$, respectively) in the ethyl acetate fraction. Further, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were the highest ($196.02{\pm}5.26$ and $114.00{\pm}10.03{\mu}g/mg$, respectively). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased according to the concentration of O. humifusa cladodes extract, and those of the ethyl acetate fraction were the highest. Ferric reducing antioxidant powers of chloroform and the ethyl acetate fraction were higher than those of other fractions. Overall, the ethyl acetate fraction of O. humifusa cladodes showed the highest anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. Results indicate that O. humifusa cladodes powder has potential as a useful ingredient with anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the antitoxic effects of Houttuynia cordata THUNB with chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. The results were as follows: 1. Detoxication effects of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of Houttuynia cordata THUNB were increased in proportion to the dosages. Detoxication effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Houttuynia cordata THUNB were higher than chloroform fraction of Houttuynia cordata THUNB's results and detoxication effects in the kidneys were higher than results for the liver. 2. Metallothionein concentrations in the liver were higher than concentrations in the kidneys, and ethyl acetate fraction of Houttuynia cordata THUNB was higher than chloroform fraction of Houttuynia cordata THUNB in induction of metallothionein. 3. After the administration of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of Houttuynia cordata THUNB, body weights increased in proportion to chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction s dosage of Houttuynia cordata THUNB but changes of body weight dminished after 3 weeks. From the above results, this study suggests that chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction of Houttuynia cordata THUNB increased metallothionein induction to cadmium intoxication in rat s kidney and liver and decreased the toxicity of cadmium in rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2020

Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Mallotus japonicus twigs. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the M. japonicus methanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction increased SOD and catalase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2021

Oat, the seeds of Avena sativa L. (Gramineae), is an important dietary staple for people in many countries. Previous studies reported that A. sativa had various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neurotonic, and antispasmodic activities. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of oat. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the oat methanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, SOD-3 expression was measured using GFP-expressing transgenic worm. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity compared to the control.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2022

Through the Caenorhabditis elegans model system, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Ixeis dentata was investigated. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the I. dentata methanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain (CF1553). As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction increased SOD and catalase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2022

Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Melampyrum roseum (Scrophulariaceae). The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the M. roseum methanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction increased SOD and catalase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2022

This study examined the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and fraction from Castanea crenata inner shell in vitro. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging ability using electron spin resonance (ESR). The total polyphenol contents of the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 39.76 mg GAE/g and 323.92 mg GAE/g (p < 0.05). The total polyphenol contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were higher than other fractions. Furthermore, the total flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate were higher than other fractions at 13.12 mg QE/g (p < 0.05). In DPPH radical scavenging ability measurement, the RC₅₀ value of ethyl acetate was lower than ascorbic acid at 2.27 ㎍/mL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this result showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Castanea crenata inner shell 70% ethanol extract has high antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1331-1337
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• 2012

The study analyzed the total polyphenolic contents, DPPH radical scavenging activities, ABTS radical scavenging activities, reducing power levels, SOD-like activities, and tyrosinase inhibition activities of fractions from Campanula takesimana Nakai extract. Total polyphenolic content of the ethyl acetate fraction from Campanula takesimana Nakai extract was the highest. The ethyl acetate fraction of Campanula takesimana Nakai extract showed the lowest $IC_{50}$ value (0.13 mg/mL) as well as greater than 98% ABTS radical scavenging activity, which was similar to ascorbic acid. Further, reducing power was significantly higher in the ethyl acetate fraction. The SOD-like activity of edible plant was 70.56% (n-butanol fraction) and 62.27% (ethyl acetate fraction) at 1 mg/mL. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of Campanula takesimana Nakai extract was reduced to 34.77% in the n-butanol fraction and 30.85% in the ethyl acetate fraction at 5 mg/mL. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Campanula takesimana Nakai extract could be applicable as food additives or cosmeceutical ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1382-1388
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• 2008

Antimicrobial activities of green tea extracts used for coarse tea were investigated by disc diffusion method using eight different bacteria. Among the green tea extracts, the 70% ethanol extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activities against Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and thus was further fractionated. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against V. parahemolyticus, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). These activities exceeded that of all extracts and fractions tested in this study. Interestingly, although green tea extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), once fractionated, the ethyl acetate fraction did not show any antimicrobial activity against M. luteus. MICs of the ethyl acetate fraction were $5\;\;{\mu}L$/disc against B. subtilis and $3\;{\mu}L$/disc against S. aureus, S. mutans and V. parahaemolyticus. 90% inhibition of B. subtilis was observed with 0.05% ethyl acetate fraction but S. mutans needed over 0.1% ethyl acetate fraction to exhibit the same inhibition as B. subtilis. Antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate fractions were reduced around 10% by thermal treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. All the results suggest that the 70% ethanol extract as well as the ethyl acetate fraction from green tea used for coarse tea could be further developed into a natural antimicrobial agent.