• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.608-614
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• 2004

The gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by radical polymerization using tetra(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate to investigate affect of the number of ethylene oxide. The gel polymer electrolyte showed good electrochemical stability up to 4.5 V vs. Li/Li and high ionic conductivity at various temperatures. The lithium-ion polymer batteries with the gel polymer electrolyte, tetra(ethylene glycol) diacrylate- and tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate-based, also represented good electrochemical performances such as rate capability, low-temperature performances and cycleability. However, the cell with tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, which has three ethylene oxide, showed better electrochemical performance.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.659-662
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• 2008

A new and useful poly(ethylene oxide)-based pH-sensitive block copolymer is introduced. Poly(ethylene oxide-b-N-phenylmaleimide) was first synthesized by anionic polymerization of N-phenylmaleimide (N-PMI) using mixed alkali metal polymeric alkoxide by sequential monomer addition method in the mixture of benzene/THF/DMSO (10/5/3, v/v/v) at room temperature. Reductive deimidation of the resulting block copolymer was performed using hydrazine monohydrate leading to the formation of the corresponding pH-sensitive poly(ethylene oxide-b-maleic acid).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.2 s.89
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• pp.164-170
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• 2006

Ethylene oxide is a genotoxic carcinogen with widespread uses as industrial chemical intermediate and gaseous sterilant. 2-hydroxyethylated N-terminal valine in Hb is a good biomarker for biological monitoring of ethylene oxide exposure, because of its stability. For measuring the hemoglobin adduct formed by exposure of ethylene oxide, we studied the determination of (N-2-hydroxy-ethyl)valine(HEV) in hemoglobin adduct by using GC/MS. Firstly we synthesized HEV with 2-amino-ethanol and bromoisovaleric acid(BIVA) and confirmed it with GC/MS-FID. Its fragmentations were m/z 116(base ion, M+-45) and m/z 130(M+-31). For measuring HEV with higher sensitivity, we use derivatives which were PFPITH(pentafluorophenylisothiocianate) and TBDMS (tributyldimethylsilylation) by using Edman procedure. Its fragmentation were m/z 425(M+-57), m/z 383(M+-99) and m/z 172(M+-310) by using GC/MS. We did biological monitoring for mice inhalation exposure with 400 ppm ethylene oxide. The concentrations of hemoglobin adduct were $168{\pm}3.8\;and\;512{\pm}04$(nmol g-1 globin) at 0.5 hr/day 400 ppm ethylene oxide inhalation exposure group, and $631{\pm}17\;and\;2265{\pm}9.4$(nmol g-1 globin) at 1.0 hr/day 400 ppm ethylene oxide inhalation exposure for 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. We confirmed that (N-2-hydroxy-ethyl)valine(HEV) of hemoglobin was a good biomarker for biomonitoring of ethylene oxide exposure, and can measured with derivatives such as PFPITH(pentafluorophenylisothiocianate) and TBDMS(tributyldimethylsilylation) by using GC/MS.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1987

ABS1'RACT-Comparative effects of gamma irradiation and ethylene oxide treatment on the sterilization, and physicochemical and sensory quality of dried marine products(shrimp, anchovy) were investigated. Population of mesophilic total bacteria, aerobic spores and tolerant bacteria of samples were $10^{3}-10^{7}/g,\;10^{7}\;to \;10^{4}/g\;and\;10^{2}\;to\;10^{6}/g$, respectively. Coliforms and molds were found only in dried shrimp as $10^{2}/g$. Mesophilic total bacteria, aerobic spores and acid tolerant bacteria were reduced by over 2 to 4 log cycles with irradiation of 5 to 7 kGy and they were completely sterilized by irradiation dose of 7 to 10 kGy. $D_{10}$ value of mesophilic total bacteria of samples ranged from 1.53 to 2.73 kGy. Coliforms and molds were sterilized at 5 to 7 kGy irradiation but ethylene oxide treatment proved insufficient to eliminate the microorgainsms. An optimum dose of irradiation was less detrimental than ethylene oxide treatment to phpicochemical properties of the samples, such as the pH, TBA value, TMA-N, amino acids, minerals and color difference. Sensory quality after three months of storage showed that the overall acceptability of irradiated sample was higher than that of the non treated control as well as ethylene oxide treated samples.amples.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 1986

Gamma irradiation as a new physical treatment was applied to comparative researches with a conventional chemical fumigant on the microbiologicai and physicochemical qualities of selected agricultural products such as powdered hot pepper soybean paste,. oyste.mushroom powder, carrot flake, and raw sesame. The microorganisms contaminated in the sample, including total bacteria, thermophiles, acid tolerant bacteria, fungi, osmophilic molds and coliforms were sterilized with irradiation doses of 7-10 kGy, while ethylene oxide (E.O) fumigation proved insufficient for the destruction of them. An optimum dose of irradiation was less detrimental than E.O. fumigation to the physicochemical properties of the sample. Sensory evaluation after three months of storage at room temperatures showed that the overall acceptability of irradiated sample was higher than that of the non treated control as well as E.O. fumigated samples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.337-340
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• 2005

Ethylene oxide is a genotoxic carcinogen with widespread uses as industrial chemical intermediate and gaseous sterilant. 2-hydroxyethylated N-terminal valine in Hb is a good biomarker for biological monitoring of ethylene oxide exposure, because of its stability. We studied the determination method of (N-2-hydroxy-ethyl)valine in hemoglobin adduct by using GC/MS. PFPITC and TBMS were used as appropriate derivatives. Ethylene oxide formed Hb adducts as (N-2-hydroxy-ethyl)valine(HEV) in mouse with ethylene oxide inhalation exposure. Standard HEV can be synthesized with 2-amino-ethanol and 2-bromo-3-methylbutyric acid. GC/MS can measured them after derivatization with pentafluorophenylisothiocianate(PFPITC) and N-(tertiary butyl dimethylsiiyl)-N-methyl-trifluoroacetamide(TBDMS-TFA) by using Edman procedure. Concentrations of Hb adduct were proportionally increased with exposure levels. They were 230${\pm}$35(nmol g$^{-1}$ globin) and 410${\pm}$72(nmol $g^{-1}$ globin) at 200ppm and 400ppm ethylene oxide inhalation exposure, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.121-134
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• 1994

Shock tube investigation of ethylene oxide-$0_{2}-N_{2}$ mixture have been performed to reveal detonation characteristics of the mixture in terms of detonation pressure and speed. Theoretical calculation of thermodynamic parameters at the Chapmann-Jouguet detonation of the mixture has been also performed. A comparision of the observed results with the calculated ones can lead us to predict the detonation parameters of ethylene oxide in an artificial air. In addition, we have observed ignition delay times of ethylene oxide mixtures. The best fit of the observed delay times to Arrhenius gas kinetic relation gives : ${\tau}=10^{-144}{e{xp}}(E_a/RT)[C_{2}H_{4}O]^{-4.8}[O_{2}]^{-12.4}[N_{2}]^{-14.1}$ $E_a=3.67kcal/mole$ The observed activation energy is markedly reduced, compared with the case of ethylene oxide diluted in Ar. It could be due to the factor that $N_2$ play a role as detonation promoter yielding very reactive NOx radicals.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.465-471
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• 2009

In this study, the substitution fumigation gases (15% Ethylene Oxide + 85% HFC 134a, 20% Ethylene Oxide + 80% $CO_2$, 99% Sulfuryl Fluoride + 1% Inert Gas) were applied on the metal, pigment, fabric and paper specimen. The result of the fumigation treatment with 15% Ethylene Oxide + 85% HFC 134a (200g/$m^3$, 48hours) is the color changes (${\Delta}E$) of 1st and 2nd Cu specimens showed significant difference as 3.40, 4.17. On the other hand, other specimens except for Cu showed less than 3.0 in chrominance values. The result with 20% Ethylene Oxide + 80% $CO_2$ (150g/$m^3$, 48hours) is that the color changes (${\Delta}E$) of 1st and 2nd specimens were overall less than 3.0 so that color differences were subtle and hardly recognized with naked eyes. So it is proved that the fumigation treatment with Ethylene Oxide 20% + $CO_2$ 80% is relatively stable on materials in this study. In the case of 99% Sulfuryl Fluoride + 1% Inert Gas (50g/$m^3$, 48hours), the color difference of Lead red ($PbO_4$) of pigment was more than 3.0 that was compared with contrast specimens. But chrominance values in the other specimens were less than 3.0 on average.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1994

Instrumental determination was performed for the analysis of residues of ethylene oxide(EO), ethylene chlorohydrin(ECH) and ethylene glycol(EG) in white ginseng powders which were deaerated for 30 min after EO fumigation. Gas chromatographic data showed that EO residues were 570 ppm in the immediate samples after deaeration and 170 ppm in the stored ones for 8 days at 30$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, respectively, showing a decreasing tendency with elapsed time. On the other hand, ECH and EG residues in samples as the secondary products of EO were 17, 650 ppm and 727 ppm stored for one month, and 9, 595 ppm and 221 ppm stored for 3 months, respectively.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2004

Solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by UV irradiation of the blends consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO), epoxy diacrylate(EDA) and LiClO_4$. Conductivities of the electrolyte films were measured as a function or blend composition, salt concentration and temperature. The electrolyte having the composition of poly(ethylene oxide) (70% by weight)/epoxy diacrylate (30% by weight) with mole ratio of 10 of ethylene $oxide/Li^+$ exhibited a high ionic conductivity of $1.2{\times}10^{-5} S/cm$ at $25^{\circ}C$. This blend is transparent and shows elastomeric properties. Morphological studies by means of differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy indicated that the cured epoxy chains in the blends inhibit the crystallization of poly (ethylene oxide) and thereby induce the blend systems to be completely amorphous in certain compositions.