• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

Many authors have examined the impact of public spending on economic growth. This study uses ordinary least-squares technique to test the effect of state budget expenditure with two major components: development investment expenditure and recurrent expenditure on Vietnamese economy for the period 2000-2017. The empirical results show that the state budget expenditure of Vietnam has positive effect on the economy, however each main component has different impacts. Recurrent expenditure has significant positive impact on Vietnamese economy while there has no evidence to affirm the relationship between the development investment expenditure and the economic growth. Vietnamese government should restructure the state budget to enhance the positive effect on the economy. In the short run, Vietnam should not increase development investment expenditure due to low efficency in public investment. In the long run, it is necessary to economize recurrent expenditure to reserve a reasonable proportion of state budget for development investment expenditure to build infrastructure for developing the economy. The state budget expenditure should be restructured towards prioritizing recurrent expenditure on human and social relief, reducing public administration expenditure, allocating investment capital from the state budget for key and pervasive projects, avoiding spreading out investments as well as crowding out private investments.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.1 s.85
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

The determinansts of expenditure spent on medical care and the ratio of medical care spending to consumption expenditure were investigated using the 2002 House Income and Expenditure Survey by the Korea National Statistical Office, which consisted of a sample of 918 elderly households. There were significant differences in expenditure on medical care and the ratio of medical care spending to consumption expenditure between elderly and nonelderly households. Age, education, overspending were significant factors that determine the expenditure on medical care and the ratio of medical care spending to consumption expenditure. Overspending is the most important factor related to expenditure on medical care and the ratio of medical care spending to consumption expenditure.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.101-118
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• 2002

This study examined the levels and trends in the household expenditure in both public and private education. Between 1982 and 2000, the level of the total educational expenditure increased by 5% in each year on average, increased by 2.2% for public education, and by 11.4% for private education. On the public educational expenditure, the consumption expenditure elasticity was 0.2 and the price elasticity was 1.49. On the private educational expenditure, the consumption expenditure elasticity was 1.5 and became below 1 after 1998, and the price elasticity was 2.63. The results indicated that the educational expenditure was necessary rather than luxurious and there was excess demand for private education. The level of the educational expenditure would continue to increase without reforms both in the supply and demand sides.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.3 s.75
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• pp.63-76
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• 2005

Using the data from the Family Income & Expenditure Survey, this study investigated (1)the factors determining the level of burden of the private educational expenditure in households; (2) the influences of the level of the burden of private educational expenditure on the other household expenditures. For the analysis of data Chi-square, GLM, Multinomial legit, and Seemingly Unrelated Regression were applied. The major findings were: (1) The factors associated with the burden of private educational expenditure were the number of students by each of the school levels, housing tenure, location of residence, educational attainment of householder; (2) Households with the lower level of burden of the private educational expenditure adjusted the allocation of the expenditure shares of food, utility, and transportation and did not reduce the levels of consumption. Households with the higher level of burden of the private educational expenditure adjusted the extensive ranges of the household expenditure shares and reduced the levels of consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.143-159
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• 2002

This study investigates inequality of the private educational expenditure using the Family Expenditure Survey of 1990, 1996, 1998, and 2000. The major results are: first, inequality of the private educational expenditure has been relived between 1990 and 2000; second, despite decrease in household income right after the Korean economic crisis, the private educational expenditure has been increased in the households having middle and high school students; third, the gaps in the private educational expenditure between income groups are mainly due to the differences in the spending levels of the private education rather than differences in the percentages of households who spend any in the private education; fourth, in 2000, the gini coefficient of the private educational expenditure among households having elementary school student is 0.4832, and 0.6468 among households having middle and high school students; fifth, 30% of the households having middle and high school students who show the highest level of the private educational expenditure occupy 80% of the total private educational expenditure made by the whole households.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.6 s.220
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• pp.163-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to examine the level and trends in household clothing expenditure in Korea. Raw data sets produced by the National Statistical Office from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey from 1991 to 2004 were used to support time-series and cross-sectional analyses. The clothing expenditures decreased severely and quickly during the economic crisis of late 1997 through 1998, then increased slowly after the economic crisis until 2003, only to slightly decrease again in 2004. The ratio of clothing expenditure to total household expenditure decreased from 8.03% in 1991 to 5.11% in 2004. This decrease in relative clothing expenditure was greater in the lower income group than in the middle and high income groups. Clothing expenditure patterns were unique and differed from other household expenditures. Although the economic crisis in the late 1990s affected Korean consumers' clothing expenditure, clothing expenditure patterns showed a more fundamental and structural change from 1991 to 2004, with the overall decrease in such expenditure resulting from the concurrent increase in educational and information-communication related expenditures. Clothing expenditure was shown to be luxurious through cross-sectional analysis, but necessary through time-series analysis.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.46-70
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• 2001

Medical Aid expenditure Increased rapidly at a higher rate than that of Medical Insurance during the period 1992-1999. To establish an effective cost containment strategy, knowledge of the cause and the nature of the increase of Medical Aid expenditure is required. The purpose of this study was to analyze increasing rates of Medical Aid expenditure by the components of medical expenses. Data were collected using the Medical Aid Statistical Yearbook during the period of 1992-1999. The major findings were as follows: 1. The annual mean increasing rate of Medical Aid expenditure between 1992 and 1999 was 22.8%, which exceeding that of Medical Insurance expenditure (17.5%) between 1992 and 1999. Since 1998, Medical Aid expenditure increased even more rapidly than in previous years, with the increase in number of Medical Aid beneficiaries. 2. Of Medical Aid expenditure, that of inpatient and outpatient annually increased 24.2% and 22.8% respectively and that of type 1 and type 2 increased annually 28.8% (outpatient) ∼29.9% (inpatient), 14.3% (outpatient) ∼ 15.5% (inpatient). Therefore, Medical Aid expenditure of inpatient and type 1 led the increase of Medical Aid expenditure. 3. Between 1992 and 1997, the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and the charges per case positively contributed to the increase of Medical Aid expenditure while the number of beneficiaries contributed negatively, but since 1998, the number of beneficiaries increased and positively contributed to the increase of Medical Aid expenditure. 4. According to the analysis of the charges per case, the increase of the price index led to the increase of the charges per case but the days of medication and service intensity also contributed to the increase of the charges per case variably by year. Considering the above findings, factors associated with the Medical Aid system affected the increase of Medical Aid expenditure in addition to the general factors of the increase in medical expenditure. In conclusion, it appears that a more intensive cost containment strategy is required to control rapidly increasing Medical Aid expenditure. For this, more precise analysis and development of policy considering the effect of the number of beneficiaries and the increase of price index is needed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.183-196
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the discretionary consumption expenditure of Korean urban housewives and the factors contributing to the discretionary consumption expenditure. 535 housewives living in Seoul and Gyungki district were selected and frequencies percentile means standard deviation and multiple-regression analysis were utilized. The results of this study were as follows: First the monthly discretionary consumption expenditure of Korean urban housewives was 592,500won. Particularly the level of clothing expenditure for urban housewives of 135,700won was found to be the highest expenditure among other discretionary expenditures while the level of transportation expenditure of 68,100won was found to be the lowest expenditure. Second educational attainment employment status conspicuous tendency of consumption and contribution to household economic of urban housewives husband's job the number of children monthly income debt ownership and home ownership were ignificant variables on each category of discretionary consumption expenditure while age future economic expectation egion and total asset were not significant variables. Third employment status conspicuous tendency of consumption husband's job the number of children monthly income and debt ownership were related to discretionary consumption expenditure of Korean urban housewives.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.283-292
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of expenditure adequacy of eldery households. Data for this study were collected from 2002 House Income and Expenditure Survey of Korea National Statistical Office, which is consisting of a sample of 918 eldery households. Expenditure adequacy was investigated by the Spending to Income ratio and Expenditure to Minimum standard of living ratio. The results showed that 48% of households spent more than 100% of their taken-home income or less than the minimum standard of living. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of expenditure adequacy. Gender, age, education, job status, family size, and level of income were significant determinants of spending to income ratio and Expenditure to Minimum standard of living ratio. Family size had negative effect on expenditure adequacy, householder's job status and the level of income had positive relationship with it.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.41
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• pp.68-92
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of social welfare expenditure in local government. The period of 1995 through 1998 data in Seoul, 6 other metropolitan areas, and 9 provinces (Do) were selected and pooled as unit of analysis and total 8 independent variables were selected based on the theoretical background and previous studies. The pooled cross-sectional time-series regression using SPSS program was adapted for the analysis. Among selected independent variables, the rate of economic expenditure to the local government expenditure, the rate of financial self-reliance, and the increase rate of social welfare expenditure to the previous year has been played a significant role in the rate of social welfare expenditure to the total expenditure. Both the rate of economic expenditure and rate of financial self-reliance have had a negative impacts on the rate of social welfare expenditure and the increase rate of social welfare expenditure have affected the rate of social welfare expenditure positively. Therefore, the variables based on the economic constraint theory as well as incrementalism perspective gives greater explanatory power of the social welfare expenditure than the variables on the political choice theory in Korean local government.