• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.447-459
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• 2003

This study was carried out to develop an efficient process far the elimination of phenol pollutant from soils. An microwave-assisted process (MAP) and a conventional Soxhlet extraction method (SEM) were employed to extract phenol from two types of soils. The effects of extraction methods, aged time of the spiked soil samples, extraction solvent and extraction time on the extraction performance were compared. Our results demonstrate that the recoveries from standard soil spiked were at least 10% higher fer MAP than these f3r the conventional Soxhlet. The extraction time by MAP requires significantly shelter time (1 min) than 15 h of the conventional Soxhlet. The recoveries from non-contaminated soil spiked with phenol were also almost identical f3r above results. The reduction of the extraction times with efficiency higher than that afforded by the conventional Soxhlet technique supports the suitability of the MAP method.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1087-1091
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• 1999

Microwave extraction system equipped with closed vessels, which is known to rapidly extract target compounds from natural products, was applied to monitor the changes in phenolic compounds, browning color intensity and electron donating ability by using response surface methodology(RSM). Maximum content of phenolic compound was 21.65mg/100ml in 67.88% of ethanol concentration, 145oC of extraction temperature, and 6.24min of extraction time. The phenolic compounds in extracts are dependent on the increase of the extraction temperature and the ethanol concentration. Browning color intensity, which was maximized in 67.21%, 147oC, and 6.02min, was proportional to the increase of the extraction temperature. Maximum value of electron donating ability was 24.50units in 54.33%, 147oC, and 6.11 min. The electron donating ability of extracts was dependent on the increase of extraction temperature and maximized in the range from 50 to 65% of ethanol concentration.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2013

Astaxanthin is one of the carotenoid with strong antioxidant. The conditions of extraction of astaxanthin from Portunus trituberculatus were optimized in this work. Six factors of conditions such as, extraction method, extraction solvent, ratio of solvent to raw material, temperature, and time, were investigated. For the increase of the extraction yield, ionic liquids were used as additives in the extraction solvent. The optimum extraction conditions were found: heat reflux extraction, Dichloromethane/methanol (25:75, v/v) as solvent, 1:30 of the ratio of solvent raw material, $80^{\circ}C$, 90 min, and ionic liquid as additive. As a result, 45.81 ${\mu}g/g$ of astaxanthin was extracted from waste.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1139-1144
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• 2004

We studied a extraction and degradation of alginate from seaweed-stems using microorganism DS-02. DS-02 has a maximum growth rate at $30^{\circ}C$ and the enzyme has a maximum activity of alginate extraction at $35^{\circ}C.$ The yield of alginate extraction using DS-02 is about $16.0{\%}$ for 3.0 hour and molecular weight of the alginate decreased to about 1/8 of initial value after 24 hour extraction. Alginate extraction method by DS-02, compared with general alkali-extraction method, has an advantage of decreasing the molecular weight of alginate during extraction.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.421-426
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• 2004

토종콩으로부터 비배당체 이소플라본을 추출하기 위한 다양한 기계적 및 화학적 방법을 적용하였다. 용매추출법의 침적과 교반, 초음파에너지와 아임계/초임계 수 추출이 포함되었다. 용매의 조성에 의한 추출효율의 증가, 교반에 의한 특정성분의 추출효과의 증대, 초음파에너지에 의한 추출성능의 개선, 용매보다 용해력이 좋은 초임계유체의 적용에 관한 실험을 수행한 결과에 의하면 비배당체 이소플라본의 추출은 초음파에너지에 의한 것이 가장 우수하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2004

In this study, static and dynamic solvent extractions are compared for more efficient extraction of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from fly ash. Static solvent extraction rather than dynamic extraction showed a higher recovery of PCDFs, which was adsorbed strongly with fly ash. The effects of parameters, such as temperature, toluene-isopropyl alcohol mixture, static and dynamic time flow rate, and solvent volume on the extraction were investigated and the variations in average recoveries of PCDFs were explained. In both extractions, temperature was an effective parameter because the higher temperature gave the higher recoveries. In dynamic solvent extraction, dynamic time was more effective than flow rate and solvent volume for the extraction of PCDFs from fly ash. Multi-layer column chromatography on neutral and acidic silica gel with n-hexane was used for cleaning up the extracts. The quantification of the PCDFs extracted was performed using HPLC-UV.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2019

Conventional extraction of oil and azadirachtin, a botanical insecticide, from Azadirachta indica involves defatting the seeds and leaves using hexane followed by azadirachtin extraction with a polar solvent. In order to simplify the process while maintaining the yield we explored a binary extraction approach using Soxhlet extraction device and hexane and ethanol as non-polar and polar solvents at various ratios and extraction times. The highest oil and azadirachtin yields were obtained at 6 h extraction time using a 50:50 solvent mixture for both neem leaves (44.7 wt%, $720mg_{Aza}/kg_{leaves}$) and seeds (53.5 wt%, $1045mg_{Aza}/kg_{leaves}$), respectively.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2012

In this study, the beeswax extraction methods using organic solvents were examined to develop a optimal dewaxing technology for beeswax-treated Hanji. Thermally-aged beeswax-treated Hanji was dewaxed using four types of extraction methods including dipping, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic washing and shaking methods. Then, the aging stability of the dewaxed Hanji was evaluated in terms of variations in paper strength and in the color of the printed area with muk. The experimental results suggested that the dewaxing methods allowing solvent to flow during extraction showed superior extraction efficiency. The dipping method in which the organic solvent does not flow showed the slowest extraction rate of beeswax compared to three other methods. In terms of variations in tensile strength and folding endurance, however, no obvious differences in the aging stability were observed amongst these four extraction methods. Regarding the aging stability in terms of the color of the printed area with muk, Soxhlet extraction method showed the best performance of dewaxing.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.612-621
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• 2013

지질 함량이 많은 식품에 방사선 조사여부 판별방법으로 적용가능한 hydrocarbons법의 전처리 추출공정을 개선하고자, 추출시간을 효율화 하고 추출용매의 사용을 줄일 수 있는 마이크로웨이브 추출법을 적용하였다. 국제 교역량이 가장 높은 농산물중 대두를 대상으로 방사선 조사(4 kGy)를 하여 hydrocarbons 분석에 대한 전처리 조건을 최적화하고자 하였다. 예측된 대두의 최적 추출범위는 extraction time 1.3-3.2분, microwave power 61-133 W로 나타났고, 예측된 범위에서 임의점을 설정하여 회귀식에 대입하여 최적값을 예측하였을 때 값은 microwave power와 extraction time이 각각 97 W과 2.2 분으로 확인되었다. 방사선조사 허가식품에 대해서 검지법의 분석결과의 정확성과 더불어 신속성이 요구되는 상황에서 hydrocarbons검지법 적용이 가능한 대두를 대상으로 MAE (micarowave-assisted extraction) 추출법을 적용한다면, 식품공전상의 현행 추출전처리(12-24시간)에 따른 분석시간을 줄이고 추출공정 개선이 가능할 것으로 본다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Aqua regia extraction for the quantification of heavy metals and As in contaminated soils was investigated as one of preliminary steps for on-site monitoring using sensor technology. Soil samples were taken from closed railway depot, closed mines, and closed refinery and various extraction conditions including $30^{\circ}C/15min$, $30^{\circ}C/30min$, $30^{\circ}C/60min$, $30^{\circ}C/120min$, $80^{\circ}C/15min$, $80^{\circ}C/30min$, $80^{\circ}C/60min$, $80^{\circ}C/120min$ were tested. The optimal extraction condition was determined as $80^{\circ}C/60min$ because the extraction efficiencies of Zn were relatively low and did not reach the targeted level (80-100% of original concentrations) for $30^{\circ}C$ conditions. It was found that the fractionation of heavy metals and As using the sequential extraction method was useful to understand the degree of metal extraction. In order to enhance the extraction efficiency within short extraction time, ultrasound technology using a 20 kHz horn-type sonicator was additionally used for $30^{\circ}C/15min$. It was revealed that ultrasound could significantly enhance the extraction efficiency and pulsed irradiation showed higher efficiency than continuous irradiation due to the less formation of bubble clouds. However high temperature condition ($80^{\circ}C$) was required to achieve high extraction efficiency for Zn in spite of the use of ultrasound.