• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2014

Tunnel face mapping plays an important role in risk analysis and infrastructure support decisions during tunnel construction. In this study, a digital mapping system using a mobile device is employed instead of existing face-mapping methods that rely upon face mapping sheets. The mobile device is then connected to the main server in the field, where a tunnel-specific database is compiled automatically. This information provides real-time feedback on the tunnel face to construction personnel and engineers, thus allowing for rapid assessment of tunnel face stability and infrastructure needs. The Douglas-Peucker algorithm, among others, is employed to resolve problems arising from the detailed mapping and speed problem by data accumulation. This system is expected to raise program optimization through field verification and additional functional improvements.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.16 no.3 s.49
• /
• pp.265-273
• /
• 2006

Face mapping during tunnel construction is useful and critical to predict the characteristics and stability condition of following tunneling sections and to select optimum support pattern. Therefore, a detailed geological survey of the tunnel faces, as important as a routine underground survey and a RMR evaluation, should provide critical information of the tunnel face condition in terms of the engineering geological condition and the safety of working environment for the following tunneling section. But the results of the face investigation have not been applied satisfactorily during tunneling due to limitation of technique, experience and time. This study analyze problems of face mapping in tunnel construction site by using statistical results of face mapping sheets obtained from completed tunnels, and suggest several opinions to improve face mapping during tunnel construction.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.439-449
• /
• 2011

The characteristics of rock fractures for engineering rock classification are investigated by analyzing three dimensional point cloud generated from adjusted digital images of a tunnel face during construction and the tunnel is reinforced based on the supporting pattern suggested by the RMR and the Q system using parameters extracted from those images. As results, it is possible saving time required from face mapping to tunnel reinforcing work, enhancing safety during face mapping work in tunnels and reliability of both the mapping information and selecting supporting pattern by storing the files of digital images and related information which can be checked again, if necessary sometime in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2009.09a
• /
• pp.1307-1316
• /
• 2009

In this case, powerfulness quorum of destruction side which we have expected are supposed general limit value for rock floor when retaining of earth on the section of rock floor in the urban area. For digging in the urban area, there are a lot of dislocations to be disadvantage for safety of digging ants. The displacement of the pondside didn't converged with the phase of the excavation. Also, the speed of displacement got higher than the percentages of risk in the construction. So, we put into operation Face mapping for checking special quality of dislocations which appear on the digging ants. This results were used to decide a destruction in the case of the final excavation by analyzing with other results. It was possible to know the unstable distribution of a fault line in Face Mapping and to get powerful lens of a surface of discontinuity by tests indoors and outdoors. The results were also used to make a solution. Therefore, It's a successful example using the Partial TopDown for stable digging. And it is important that Face Mapping have to be practiced for solving the uncertainty of ground organization when digging design in the urban city.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.705-709
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we propose 3d face modeling using two orthogonal views of 2D face images and automatically facial feature extraction. Th proposed technique consists of 2 parts, personalization of 3d face model and texture mapping.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2006.03a
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2006

At new constructing national road, a cutting slope was surveyed and gotten face mapping for three months. The slope is composed of gray phyllite and coaly slate which is the Chang-ri Formation, Okcheon system. The slope angle is 40 degree and the direction is NNE. The attitude of schistosity is $260^{\circ}/45^{\circ}$. So the slope direction is nearly parallel to the schistosity. This is the reason that the slope is very unstable. On the other hand, the very unstable slope is caused by the direction of the schistosity and the slope. First month the coaly slate was slided through the schistosity plane about 10cm. However, three months late the displacement was 2m maximum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2010.09b
• /
• pp.200-211
• /
• 2010

Tunnel Mapper, which is tunnel face survey system was used to conduct Face Mapping on the face of the tunnel that is under construction. Then, accuracy and utility value on the forecast of discontinuity were verified to verify the field application in order to present the measures for the use of the system for conducting research on the discontinuity. As result of the directivity verification following discontinuity‘s project, forecasted measurement and actually researched measurement error for the Dip direction and Dip angle was less than ${\pm}10$. Accuracy was 82.6% for Dip direction and 90.7% for Dip angle, which are high. Accordingly, face research discontinuity forecasting system's reliability level towards directivity is high. Tunnel Mapper, a tunnel face survey system can be leveraged to replace face's visual survey and to obtain objective information, enabling execution of the survey system that can automate face survey going beyond time and space related limitations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2003

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.24-27
• /
• 2017

In this study, I developed a simple and low cost process-printing a silver, carbon, dielectric, adhesive layer on PET films using screen printing technology and bonding the two films face-to-face-to fabricate a low price capacitive pressure-mapping sensor. Both electrodes forming the pressure measuring capacitor are arranged between the two PET films similar to a sandwich. Therefore, the sensor has the advantage of minimizing the influence of external noise. In this study, a $10{\times}10$ capacitance-type pressure-mapping sensor was fabricated and its characteristics were analyzed.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 1999.11a
• /
• pp.544-547
• /
• 1999

This paper proposes a high-speed texture mapping algorithm and apply it for the realtime face animation. The mapping process devide into pixel correspondences, Z-buffering, and pixel value interpolation. Pixel correspondences and Z-buffering are calculated exactly through the algorithm. However, pixel values interpolation is approximated without additional calculations. The algorithm dramatically reduces the operations needed for texture mapping. Only three additions are needed in calculation of a pixel value. We simulate the 256$\times$240 pixel facial image with about 100 pixel face width. Simulation results shows that frame generation speed are about 60, 44, 21 frames/second in pentium PC 550MHz, 400MHz, 200MHz, respectively,