• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2005

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between short stature and obese degree. And we also wanted to know the characteristics of patients visited clinic in the name of 'short stature'. Methods Height, body weight, BMI, fat mass, lean body mass, percent body fat were taken intended for 236 patients in the name of short stature. To all the patient questionnaire for growth clinic was drawn up, and ultrasound scan was taken through calcaneous of the right foot. The patients were classified to three groups - short, average, tall group - according to relative position of mid-parental height. It was analysed that the differences between groups in obese degree. Also was investigated correlation between position of short stature and obese degree, and between obese degree and bony maturity. Results & Conclusion 1. The average ages of patients in the name of 'short stature' were $12.69{\pm}3.93$ years old in boys, $10.66{\pm}3.67$ years old in girls. And it seemed to be just before second rapid maturing period. 2. The average BMI were $20.58{\pm}4.07kg/m^2$ in boys, $18.65{\pm}2.85kg/m^2$ in girls, and average percent body fat were $21.99{\pm}7.35%$ in boys, $26.01{\pm}6.35%$ in girls. 3. The numbers of obese children were 34(31.2%) in boys, 19(14.9%) in girls on the basis of BMI. And the numbers were 39(35.8%) in boys, 53(41.7%) in girls on the basis of percent body fat. There was a big difference in case of girls. 4. The numbers of AG(average group) were 48(44.0%) in boys, 60(47.2%) in girls, the numbers of SG(short group) were 35(32.1%) in boys, 31(24.4%) in girls, and numbers of TG(tall group) were 26(23.9%) in boys, 35(27.6%) in girls. 5. There were no significant differences among the groups in BMI, lean body mass, fat mass, percent body fat. Only significant difference in DI(disease index). 6. There were no significant correlation between PH(percent height) and BMI, leanbody mass, fat mass, percent body fat. Only significant correlation in DI(disease index). 7. There were no significant differences between DA(difference between bone age and chronorogical age) and BMI, leanbody mass, percent body fat. Only significant correlation in fat mass.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2001

Objectives: This study was to investigate the reductive effects of oriental medicine on the body fat and abdominal obesity, Methods: The subject were selected among the patients who were treated with 4weeks total program, visited our obesity clinic from October 1999 to August 2000, We practiced combined therapy such as herbal medicine, acupuncture therapy, moxibution therapy, negative therapy, auricular acupuncture, electrolipolysis, colon hydrotherapy, heat therapy, Chuna therapy, low-calorie diet teaching, exercise teaching, and correcting life style for 4 weeks. Results and Conclusion: 1. Body weight, RBW, and BMI were significantly reduced each by 5.4kg, 10.4% and $2.2kg/m^2$ (p<0.01). 2. % Body fat was significantly reduced by 3.3%. Fat mass was reduced by 4.0kg(17.0%) and soft lean mass was reduced by 1.5kg(3.7%), thus it was acknowledged that fat mass was significantly reduced compared to soft lean mass by oriental medicine treatment for obesity. 3. WHR was significantly reduced by 0.02. Waist circumference was reduced by 6cm(6.6%) and hip circumference was reduced by 4.5cm(4.6%), thus it was acknowledged that waist fat was significantly reduced compared to hip circumference by oriental medicine treatment for obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 1994

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between body fat percent/serum lipid level and obesity index among school children. The study subjects were 277 boys and 266 girls aged between 10 and 11 years old in a selected elementary school in Taegu City. The survey was conducted for the period of two months from May 1 to June 30, 1993. A $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$index(weight/height3) was calculated for each individual as a measure of obesity. Three groups were classified as underweight($R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index < 109), normal($109{\leq}$ $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index < 140), and overweight ($R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index ${\geq}140$). As for the body fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass were measured by impedance fat, meter(Model SIF-891). Serum total cholesterol. high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer(Astra system). Obesity was found 18.1% in boys and 14.7% in girls. Body weight, fat percent, fat weight, and lean body mass were significantly different among three groups classified by $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index in both sexes. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, atherogenic index and T-CHO/HDL ratio were also significantly different among three groups in both sexes. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, trigylceride, atherogenic index of boys were positively correlated with height, weight. $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index, fat weight, lean body mass, and triglyceride. The negative correlation was found in high-density lipoprotein against height, weight, Rohrer index, fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass. Triglyceride and atherogenic index of the girls were positively correlated with height, weight, $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index, fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass. The negative correlation was found in high-density lipoprotein against height, weight, $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index, fat percent, fat weight, lean body mass. These findings suggest that the prevention of obesity and hyperlipidemia among school children is very important. Thus adoption of healthy life-style is strongly recommended in school health programs in order to prevent the obesity and hyperlipidemia.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.308-321
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• 2001

Behavior modification is an approach to decrease degree of obesity through changing maladaptive eating habit and life style. It produces small amount of weight loss but it has few side effects and low dropout rate. It also has great effectiveness on maintenance of decreased weight. This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem in obese elementary school children. Sixty two students of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade were selected from two elementary schools located in the suburbs of Seoul. Thirty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty eight children in another school were assigned to control group. All subjects were healthy and were not on any type of obesity control. Behavior modification, in this study, was consisted of introduction, self-monitoring and stimuli control, education about diet and physical activities, individual counseling and reinforcement, requesting personal assistance, cognitive restructuring, and closing and long-term planning. Experimental group was received 60～70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks from October 16 to December 22, 2000. Control group was not received any intervention. Data were collected before and after intervention by measuring physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem. Physical variables consisted of obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat(percentage of body fat, fat mass, fat free mass), serum lipids(total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride) and serum leptin. The results were as follows ; 1. physical variables 1) Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. 2) The increase of skinfold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. 4) Total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. LDL-C was significantly decreased in the control group. 2. Thin habit score was significantly increased in the experimental group. In subcategories of habit, thin scores of life style, attitude, social relationship, nutrition were signifi- cantly increased in the experimental group. 3. Self-esteem score was significantly increased in the experimental group. These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass, thin habit, and self-esteem. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as safe and effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment on 254 patients visited obesity clinic. Methods: Two hundred fifty-four patients, who had visited obesity clinic from May 2013 to November 2014, were analyzed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. We analyzed changes of weight, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage after treatment, also investigated differences of weight and fat mass loss according to age, BMI and body fat percentage. Results and Conclusions: Male and female percent of the study group was 3.5% and 96.5%. All patients were constituted with 50.0% of 20~29-year-old group, 34.1% of 30~39-year-old and 15.9% of 40 and more year-old. In BMI, $21kg/m^2$, $21.0{\sim}22.9kg/m^2$, $23.0{\sim}29.9kg/m^2$, above $30kg/m^2$ were 20.5%, 30.3%, 42.1%, 7.1%, respectively. In Body fat percentage, under 25%, 25.0%~29.9%, 30.0%~34.9%, above 35% were 11.4%, 23.2%, 30.7%, 34.6%, respectively. 96.1% of patients were showed weight loss compared with baseline, the decrease of body weight was $2.96{\pm}1.86$ kg, that of BMI was $1.13{\pm}0.70kg/m^2$ and that of body fat percentage was $2.43%{\pm}2.06%$ after 1 month treatment. We observed a decline of weight and fat mass with higher BMI and body fat percentage at the baseline.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2010

Purpose: Dermoid cysts are benign neoplasms that are derived from both ectoderm and mesoderm. Approximately 7 percent of all dermoid cysts occur in the head and neck, as most common sites are the lateral ends of the eyebrows, the midline in the nasal root and neck. Rarely they can be found in the frontal sinus, temporal bone, maxilla and the floor of the mouth. Dermoid cysts in the temporal fossa are extremely rare. We experienced a characteristic dermoid cyst that occupied the temporal fossa. Methods: A 16-year-old man had a progressive enlarging mass on the left eyebrow. Computerized tomographic scan showed a bulging mass in the temporal fossa, and it had the density similar to that of fat. The size of the mass was $3{\times}3{\times}2cm$, and it was composed of high density of fat with clear margin. There was no bony invasion, but the mass was fixed on bone. Results: We performed the surgery through coronal incision under general anesthesia. Because the mass was closely connected with temporal fat pads, we removed this mass with some portion of temporal fat pads, avoiding damage to the facial nerve. The postoperative course was ordinary without complication. Conclusion: The reports about dermoid cyst on the temporal fossa is uncommon. However, if there is a mass in the temporal fossa which has the density similar to that of fat in CT scan, we should consider the possibility of dermoid cyst. We suggest that excision through coronal incision with bewaring temporal fat pad can induce good result.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to have better data and to make efficient clinical reviews on pre-school children's growth based on two measurements; Body composition for measuring body volume and bone age for potential growth. Methods : The study was conducted with 221 children(118 of boys and 103 of girls) from three kindergartens. Body compositions(soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, bone age was measured by bone density through ultrasonic image of calcaneus. Results and Conclusions : 1. The higher level on weight or BMI, the more averages of soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat. 2. The average bone ages and bone age-chronological age were lower in under 50 percentile's group, but it was higher in upper 50 percentile's group. Also, children with high BMI had older in bone ages and bone age-chronological age. 3. The higher in height percentile based on the bone age; there were more soft lean mass. 4. The averages of bone age and bone age-chronological age were significantly decreased, the more percentiles of height according to bone age were big, they were higher than total average in under 50 percentile's group of height, lower than total average in over 50 percentile's group of height in both boys and girls. 5. The average of MPH were significantly decreased in top percentiles of children's height distribution. Also, in the upper percentiles of height distribution based on bone age were big in only boys. 6. The body compositions(soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat) were related to body volume growth, which can he measured by weight or BMI. The bone age, bone age-chronological age, and MPH were related in terms of hight. The body volume growth was a little hit related with potential growth.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2001

This study examined the age-related patterns in body composition cross-sectionally using Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis(SBIA), specifically its two components, lean body mass(LBM) and body fat mass, in 1,452 men and 1,436 women with an age range of 19 to over 70 years . Mean height of male subjects was 174.1cm at peak in early 20's and was decreased continuously 0.2-0.3 cm every year. Mean weight was greatest between late 20's and 40's, and was decreased quickly in 70's. Body fat mass was increased steadily before 30's and remained thereafter. Because decreasing lean body mass (LBM), percentage of body fat(PBF) increased continuously with aging. Mean height of female subjects was 161.7 cm at peak in 20's and was decreased steadily around 0.2 cm every year and thus an individual's height was decreased approximately 10 cm in their life cycle. Body weight was increased steadily until 50's and then was decreased. Body fat mass was increased continuously and LBM remained constant and thus PBF was increased steadily with aging. SBIA can be used to compare body composition between genders and between ages. In future studies, SBIA could be applied widely to evaluate variations of body composition in subjects with different nutritional problems.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine BMI, body fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio, soft lean mass, skeletal muscle mass, and fat free mass, and to determine the association between dietary behavior and exercise and body composition among students at women's colleges, and decide on the relationships among them. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional study design and a convenient sampling method. Ultimately, a total of 404 students participated in the study, which was conducted from September 1 to December 22, 2009. Measurements administered were comprised of dietary behavior and a questionnaire on exercise. The SPSS Win 18.0 statistics program was used for analysis of final data. Results: Major findings are as follows: 9.9% of participants showed a high BMI, and more than 56% and 38% of participants showed a high percent body fat and waist-hip ratio, respectively. Dietary behavior showed a significant negative association with percent body fat (r=-0.110, p=0.027) and waist-hip ratio (r=-0.118, p=0.018). Compared with the non-regular exercise group, the regular exercise group showed a high level of soft, lean mass (t=4.15, p<0.001), skeletal muscle mass (t=3.13, p=0.002), and fat free mass (t=4.00, p<0.001). Conclusion: For maintenance of proper body composition, health promotion programs for management of dietary behavior and regular exercise for students at women's colleges should be developed.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

We examined the prevalence of sarcopenia and age-related changes in body composition in Korean older persons. Community dwelling 77 men and 65 women($60{\sim}88\;yr$) were recruited for this study. Fat-free mass and the percent body fat were determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Isometric grip strength was measurement using grip strength dynamometer. Serum levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride were assayed. The prevalence of sarcopenia was found to increase with aging (men in their sixties 82.6%, seventies 96.6% and eighties 100%, and women in their sixties 47.4%, seventies 63%). In both gender groups, handgrip strength was inversely correlated with age and positively correlated with height, lean mass, and fat free mass. Better handgrip strength was related with higher weight in the men and with lower heart rate in the women. Fat free mass, age, and gender were found to be independent factors significantly associated with handgrip strength in the multivariate analysis. In summary, results of the present study suggest that handgrip strength is well associated with age, gender, and fat free mass and the prevalence of sarcopenia is increased with age and is exceeded by 40% among Korean persons older than 60 years.