• Title/Summary/Keyword: fat mass

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Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percent of Koreans in Seoul and Pusan Compared to those of Caucasians

  • Moon, Hyun-Kyung;Deurenberg, Paul
    • Nutritional Sciences
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.50-55
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the body fat percent (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) of Koreans and the differences with Caucasians. Complete data were collected from 3297 subjects (2441females and 856 males) between the ages of 18 and 79. Data were collected between September 2001 and November 2001 in Seoul and Pusan. For the statistical analysis, only the data on subjects between the ages of 18 and 65(3200) were used Body weight and height were measured BMI (kg/$m^2$) was computed From BMI, BF (%) was calculated using age- and sex-specific prediction formulas. BF% was assessed using an INBODY 2.0 body fat analyser. Data analysis showed that the females were significantly younger than the males, were smaller, lighter and had a lower body mass index. Body fat percent of the females was higher than that of the males. 1he differences between actual measured BF% and BF% as predicted from prediction equations from the literature, based on BMI, age and sex, were correlated with level of body fat and age. There is a significant age-related decrease in body fat in Koreans for any given BMI and sex, which is remarkably different compared to age-related increases in body fat in the European reference group. For the same age and BF%, Korean females have a slightly lower BMI than their European counterparts. Korean males have, for the same age and BF%, a higher BMI than their European counterparts. The differences between females and males were not significant. It was concluded that, assuming that the data on body fat percent was correct, that the relationship between BF% and BMI is quite different in Koreans than in European Caucasians. Thus, for younger Koreans cut-off values for obesity should be slightly lower than those for Caucasians whereas for older Koreans the cut-off points for obesity should be higher than those for Caucasians.

The Relationships between Type of Localized Fat and Traditional Diagnostic Method in Korean High-school girls (서울지역 여고생의 국소지방 침착의 양상과 변증과의 연관성)

  • Lee, A-Ra;Chung, Won-Suk;Chung, Suk-Hee;Song, Mi-Yeon
    • Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.45-59
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    • 2007
  • Background : There are many korean women who have localized fat despite of they have normal or slightly over weight. The relationships of traditional diagnostic method with total body fat and body mass index had been reviewed in other study, but there is no study regarding the relationship of traditional diagnostic method and localized fat. So we designed this study to find out the relationships between localized fat and traditional diagnostic method among Korean high-school girls. Methods : This research was performed in 21 high-school girls with localized fat during April 2007. We measured body mass index, percent of body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference and means of both thigh circumference. Phlegm questionnaire, blood stasis questionnaire, cold-heat questionnaire, Korean eating attitude test-26 and questionnaire of Sasang constitution classification Ⅱ+ have been administered. Results : There were significant correlations between body mass index, percent of body fat and body size. Regardless of body mass index, they had high phlegm and heat pattern. Most of them are classified as Tae-um type person. Conclusions : High-school girls with localized fat had pattern of high phlegm, heat and characteristics of Tae-um person.

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Dietary Intake, Serum Lipids, Iron Index and Antioxidant Status by Percent Body Fat of Young Females (여대생의 체지방률에 따른 식이섭취와 혈중지질농도, 철분지표 및 항산화능)

  • Bae, Hyun-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.323-333
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    • 2008
  • The aim of this study was to measure and compare nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements and serum indices by percent body fat as one of the index of obesity degree in female college students. Additionally we attempted to investigate percentile distribution of fat free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) for developing reference values for these two parameters. The subjects were 91 female college students who were classified to 4 groups according to the percentile of percent body fat (Group1: 25 th < percentile of percent body fat, Group 2 : 25 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 50 th, Group 3 : 50 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 75 th, Group 4 : percentile of percent body fat ${\ge}$ 75 th). The mean percent body fat and body mass index were 28.2%, $20.5 kg/m^2$ respectively. The mean energy intake was 1707 kcal(81% of KDRIs) and vitamin C, folate, Ca and Zn intake were 73.9%, 54.7%, 79.6%, 97.5% of KDRIs respectively. Most nutrient intake (energy, carbohydrate, cholesterol, fatty acid, Ca, Fe) of G4 was lower than that of G1, G2 and G3. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in G4 than G1, G2, G3 and it tended to increase as percent body fat decreased. LDL/HDL, A1 of G4 were significantly the highest among the 4 groups and increased as percent body fat increased. The mean fat free mass index and fat mass index were $14.5 kg/m^2$, $6.0 kg/m^2$ respectively. The criteria of sarcopenic obesity which has been defined as under 25 th percentile of FFMI and below 75 th percentile of FMI were shown $12.8 kg/m^2$, $8.2 kg/m^2$ respectively in this study. In conclusion, we should continue to more systematically research on the studies of new obesity measurement which includes FFMI and FMI as one of the variables. And the public education for weight control that emphasizes both the understanding of body composition and the importance of nutrition balance is also required.

The Effect of Regular Exercise on the Level of Blood Lactate and LDH Production in College Women (운동습관이 혈액중 젖산농도 및 LDH 생성에 미치는 영향)

  • 남정혜
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.355-359
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the level of blood glucose and lactate and also plasma LDH production of college women in relation to exercise. College female student which majored athletics (E, exercise group, n=43) were recruited and compared with college women (Control group, n=60). Anthropometric measurements, triceps skinfold thickness were measured of two groups. And body fat mass and waist and hip circumferences were measured and the concentrations of plasma glucose, lactic acid and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were also assayed. Average height and weight of E group were slightly higher than that of control group. but there is no difference in body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) between two groups. The percentage of body fat and body fat mass(kg) in E group was slightly lower than that of control group. Plasma glucose and LDH levels of E group were higher than those of control group, and plasma lactic acid concentration was significantly increased.

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Relationships among Fasting Serum Insulin, Free Fatty Acid, Lipid Levels and Anthropometric Measurements in Female College Students (여대생의 혈청 인슐린, 유리지방산, 지질 농도와 신체계측치와의 관련성)

  • 김석영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.189-196
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among the levels of fasting serum insulin, free fatty acid, lipids and anthropometry in normal-weight female college students. Serum insulin and free fatty acid levels were negatively correlated. However, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were not correlated with fat mass or BMI(body mass index). The ability of anthropometric and biochemical indicators to predict fatness could be important for epidemiologic and clinical research. In the subjects, waist cirumference was correlated with BMI, fat mass and percent body fat, and HDLC/CHOL (high density lipoprotein cholesterol/cholesterol)was correlated with body weight, BMI, and fat mass. Our data suggests than waist circumference and HDLC/CHOL are predictors of fatness, whereas WHR apears to be a less important contributor to fatness in female college students.

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Effects of High Frequency Therapy on Localized Obesity (고주파요법이 부분비만치료에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Seung-Uoo;Choi, Young-Min;Shim, Woo-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.75-83
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    • 2006
  • Objectives : This study was performed to identify the effects of high frequency therapy on localized obesity. Methods : This trial was carried out in 12 volunteers. Volunteers were divided into 3 groups; upper arm group (n=4), thigh group (n=4) and abdomen group (n=4) according to local obesity type. Body weight and body fat were measured by Inbody 720 and CT (Computed Tomography) immediately before and following high frequency therapy. Diathermy was performed twice a week for 4 weeks for a total of 8 treatments. Results : In the upper arm group, body weight, body fat mass, fat area by CT scan and circumference were increased after treatment but not significantly (p>0.05). In the thigh group, body weight, body fat mass and circumference were decreased and fat area by CT scan was increased but both not significantly (p>0.05). In the abdomen group, significant differences were not found despite decreases in body weight, body fat mass, visceral fat and subcutaneous fat after diathermy (p>0.05). Conclusions : There was no significant effects of high frequency therapy on localized obesity.

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Effect of Sleep Duration on Dietary Habits and Body Composition of University Students (대학생의 수면시간에 따른 식습관 및 체조성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, KyungHee;Cho, HeeSook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.539-546
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep duration on dietary habits and body composition of university students. Sleep duration has recently been added to the list of risk factors for obesity. However, studies on this topic are fairly limited particularly in Korea. We studied the relationship between the duration of sleep and obesity principally based on body mass index and %body fat in university students. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on a total of 312 university students. The subjects enrolled for this study were divided into two groups: (1) those with sleep duration of <7 hours (148 students) and (2) those with sleep duration of >7 hours (164 students). Based on a self-reporting method, the participants filled up the questionnaires for more than 20 minutes. Based on the overall data obtained, we observed that most students (52.88%) skipped breakfast. This was mainly due to shortage of time (60.58%). We also observed that self-reporting dietary preferences included eating irregular meals (49.04%), overeating (19.55%), imbalanced diet (16.35%), and skipping meals (9.94%). It was found that cookies were the favorite snacks in the majority of the participants (50%). Our data reveal that the body mass index, fat mass, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat, respectively of the shorter sleep duration group (<7 h/day) were 23.78 $kg/m^2$, 19.13 kg, 2.23 kg, and 11.15 kg. In contrast, in those of the control group (7 h/day), these values were found to be 21.84 $kg/m^2$, 13.88 kg, 1.56 kg, and 12.11 kg. We also observed that there were significant correlations of sleep duration with body mass index (p<0.05), fat mass (p<0.01), visceral fat (p<0.01), and beck depression score (p<0.01). Our data suggest that the body mass index in the shorter sleep duration group was higher than that of the control group; however, %fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat in the shorter sleep duration group were found to be higher than those of the control group. The data obtained through our study suggest that short sleep duration is clearly associated with a modest increase in general and abdominal obesity particularly in university students.

The novel expression method of pediatric body composition : fat mass index and fat-free mass index (소아 체성분의 새로운 표현법: 체지방량지수(fat mass index)와 제지방량지수(fat-free mass index))

  • Cho, Young Gyu;Kang, Jae Heon;Song, Hye Ryoung;Kim, Kyung A;Song, Ji Hyun;Jung, Myeong Ho
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.50 no.7
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    • pp.629-635
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    • 2007
  • Purpose : This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) as novel expression methods of body composition in children. Methods : A total of 466 Second grade students-248 boys and 218 girls- from all elementary schools the Gwacheon City underwent anthropometric measures including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and biochemical tests. The correlation coefficients between obesity indices, including FMI and FFMI, and metabolic risk factors, were assessed. Metabolic risk factors of children with increased FMI were compared with those of children with normal FMI. We compared FMI and FFMI percentile distribution between this study's subjects and the subjects of the Fukuoka body composition study. Results : FMI was lower and FFMI was higher in this study's subjects compared to the subjects of the Fukuoka body composition study. FMI was correlated with other obesity indices and several metabolic risk factors. Metabolic risk was higher in children with increased FMI than in children with normal FMI. Conclusion : FMI and FFMI were useful indicators in comparing difference of body composition among children that had different body size and growth. High FMI was related to increase of metabolic risk in children.

A review of osteosarcopenic obesity related to nutritional intake and exercise

  • Lee, Namju
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.797-803
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    • 2019
  • Recently, osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) has been identified and notified world wide. Therefore, this study reviewed OSO related to lifestyle factors such as nutritional intake and exercise. Due to aging, OSO may be initiated by dietary factors and obesity related factors. Reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass may negatively impact bone health causing OSO. The complication of OSO development should be related to dietary imbalance combined with declined exercise and this may contribute to induce OSO by decreasing bone mass, muscle mass, and increasing obesity with aging. To prevent OSO, reaching peak bone mass and building optimal muscle and fat mass through exercise would be recommended. For treating OSO, balanced dietary intake and regular exercise through a whole life would be needed. In addition, sufficient carbohydrate and fat intake for minimizing protein catabolism would be recommended to prevent OSO. The combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training also would be an effective intervention for OSO population.

The Effects of Monacolin - Inoculated Rice Embryo on the Body Fat and Serum Lipid Profiles of Obese Elementary School Students (홍국균접종 쌀배아 섭취가 중등도 비만 초등학생의 체지방 및 혈중지질의 개선에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang Soon Ah;Kwoun Soon-Ju;Choi Young-Sook;Lim Yoongho;Park Dong Ki
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.565-573
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Monacolin-inoculated rice embryo on the body fat and serum lipid profiles in 61 obese elementary school students. The subjects divided into two groups 31 obese children had the experimental diet (rice embryo inoculated Monacolin) and 30 obese children had the control diet three times a day after meals. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI of 61 subjects were $10.5\pm0.5$ years, $143.6\pm6.8cm,\;55.0\pm8.9kg,\;and\;26.1 \pm3.9$, respectively. The changes of body fat mass (kg) in experimental group and control group after 6 weeks were -0.60kg and -0.03kg, respectively. The changes of body fat $(\%)$ in experimental group and control group after 6weeks were $-1.44\%\;and\;-0.25\%$, respectively. These changes of body fat in experimental group were significantly higher than in control group (p<0.05). The change of total-cholesterol in experimental group and control group during 6weeks were -17.52mg/dL and -1.70mg/dL, respectively. The change of LDL-cholesterol in experimental group and control group during 6 weeks were -17.06mg/dL and - 2.80mg/dL, respectively. The change of triglyceride in experimental group and control group after 6 weeks were -9.58mg/dL and 11.67mg/dL. Total-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglyceride of experimental group after 6 weeks significantly decreased compared to control group (p<0.05). After experimental diet (6 weeks), total-cholesterol was negatively correlated with body water contents, soft lean mass and fat free mass (p<0.05). Triglyceride showed a significantly positive correlation with body weight and body fat mass, however, it was negatively correlated with fat free mass (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol showed a significantly positive correlation with fat free mass (p<0.05). These results show that Monacolin-inoculated rice embryo is effective in decreasing body fat and blood lipid in obese children.