• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 1987

The effects of procedures for preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatography were investigated. A quantitative comparison of four procedures for the preparation of the fatty acid methyl esters from Korean sesame seed lipids which can be representative of fatty acid ranges of Korean vegetable oils has been made. The procedures employed were $BF_3$-methanol, HCI-methanol, sodium methoxide-methanol, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol. Twelve fatty acids ranged from 14:0 to 24:0 were identified in the lipids from Korean white and black sesame seeds. All four procedures gave similar results for the fatty acids, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 present in the range of $1{\sim}44%$ but only in the HCI-methanol procedure, the fatty acids, 16:1, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0 present in the range of $0.02{\sim}1%$ showed the lowest values. When using tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol procedure for determination of total fatty acid composition from white and black sesame seed lipids, unsaponifiable matters including sesamol, sesamolin and sesamin present in the seed lipids are not removed from the resulting reaction mixture. Thus the transesterification mixture is used without further treatment for injection into the gas chromatography. However, the gas chromatographic analysis of the transesterification mixture showed that the unsaponifiable matters had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the seed lipids. From the results, it appears that the $BF_3$-methanol, sodium methoxide-methanol and tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol procedures can be used to prepare fatty acid methyl esters from Korean vegetable oils. Among the methods, the tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol procedure, which give total fatty acid composition, glyceride fatty acid composition and composition of free fatty acids present, appears to be a simple, convenient and quantitative procedure and applicable to samples containing broad ranges of fatty acids.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.325-338
• /
• 2011

Investigations into fatty acid composition in meats are becoming more important due to consumer demand for high quality healthy food. Marker-assisted selection has been applied to livestock to improve meat quality by directly selecting animals for favorable alleles that affect economic traits. Quantitative trait loci affecting fatty acid composition in cattle and pigs were investigated, and five candidate genes (ACACA, FASN, SCD, FABPs, and SREBP-1) were significantly associated with fatty acid composition. The information presented here should provide valuable guidelines to detect causative mutations affecting fatty acid composition in cattle and pigs.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 1987

Cellular fatty acid composition of eight strains, indluding six strains of Comamonas terrigena, and two type strains of Pseudomonas acidovorans, and P. testosteroni was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Almost the same composition was found in all the strains tested, and hexadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, and octadecenoic acid were accounted more than 70% of total fatty acid. However, P. testosteroni differed from C. terrigena and P. acidovorans by the presence of comparatively large amonuts of 2-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid, and C. terrigena contained three to eight times as much tetradecanoic acid in P. acidovorans and P. testosteroni. According to the similarity values calculated on the basis of fatty acid composition, C. terrigena strains were divided into three groups differentiated in the requirement of growth factors, and C. terrigena, P. acidovorans, and P. testosteroni strains occupied separate position each other in the dendrogram.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 1997

Egg yolk oil was obtained by roasting and Pressing egg yolks of hen's egg breeding on the open bin system and the cage system, respectively. Lipids in egg yolk oil were extracted with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2 : 1, V/V), and fractionated into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid by silicic aicd column chromatography. Fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined by gas chromatography. The major fatty acids of total lipids and neutral lipids are in sequence of oleic acid, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid. The major fatty acids of the glycolipids are palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and lauric acid successively. The major fatty acids of phospholipids are oleic acid, lauric acid, and Palmitic acid consecutively. About the fatty acids composition of egg yolk oil in the open barn system, the contents of saturated fatty acid are lower and the contents of unsaturated fatty acid are higher than that of the case system. The contents of unsaturated fatty acid in egg yolk oil is higher than that of saturated fatty acid in total lipids and nutral lipids. Unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid of e99 yolk oil in the open barn system is higher than that of the cage system in glycolipids and phospholipids.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 1995

The ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on the growth of almost all the tested microorganisms which were food-borne pathogens and food-related microorganisms. Therefore, fatty acid composition, amino acid composition and shape change of microorganisms treated with the ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba were examined. In effects of treatment with the ethanol extract on the fatty acid compositions of B. subtilis, S. aureus and E. coli, fatty aicd compositions such as hexadecanoic acid (16:0) and octadecanoic acid (18:2) of the tested strains were increased but pentadecanoic acid (15:0) heptadecanoic acid (17:0) and acid (16:1) and octadecenoic acid (18:1) of E. coli were decreased. The ethanol extract did not significantly affect the aminn acid composition of the tested strains. Transmission electron micrographs of microorgani는 treated with the ethanol extract exhibited morphological changes that irregularly contracted cell surface in S. aureus and destructed cell walls in B. subtilis and E. coli.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.6-12
• /
• 2012

The association of three candidate genes, fatty acid synthase (FASN), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), with fatty acid (FA) composition in Duroc pigs was investigated. Identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used for polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping. The c.265C>T SNP of FASN gene was significantly associated with high levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) (p<0.05), oleic acid (C18:1) (p<0.01), and mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (p<0.01), but low levels of linoleic acid (C18:2) (p<0.01), alpha linolenic acid (C18:3) (p<0.05), and poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (p<0.01) in animals having the CT genotype. The c.2573T>C SNP in the MTTP gene had a significant effect only in elevating the level of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) (p<0.05) in heterozygote animals. The polymorphism in FABP3 showed no significant effects on any fatty acid composition traits. These results suggest that the identified SNPs in the FASN and MTTP genes can be useful markers for selecting Duroc pigs having desirable healthy fatty acid composition.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.140-147
• /
• 1995

For studying the effect of different dietary fats on carcinogenesis, fatty acid composition of membrane and lipid peroxidation were measured. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diet containing 15%(w/w) beef tallow or soybean oil. A single dose of 50 mg 2-AAF/kg B.W. was injected i.p. in each diet group 10 times. Rats were sacrifled after 1, 5, 10, and 15 weeks from the first injection. By 2-AAF injection, !ipid peroxidation increased slightly compared to control group. The rats fed on different fats had similar MDA production and those fed on soybean oil had slightly higher free radical concentration measured by ESR. In young rats, iipid peroxidation level was high and hydroxy radical production was higher in soybean oil group than in beef tallow group. With age, the lipid peroxidation values were decreased initially then increased. The fatty acid composition in microsomal membrane was reflected by dietary fatty acid composition. In soybean oil group, monoenoic acid was lower and polyunsaturated fatty acid was higher than beef tallow group. Linoleic acid contents showed the most discrepancy among groups. By 2-AAF treatment, iinoleic acid content and unsaturation index increased in soybean oil group. But in beef tallow group, there was no difference in fatty acid contents.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2000

Chemical characteristics of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, were investigated in total composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition and mineral components. After the treatment of 0.4% of G. bimaculatus in the chicken feed, the changes of fatty acid composition in the chicken meat and egg were also estimated. As the result, saturated fatty acid, especially palmitic acid, decreased 4% and unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic aced and arachidonic acid, increased 12 and 23%, respectively, compared with those of control. In addition, there was a small increase in Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA). The sensory test of the chicken meat resulted in increased flavor, brightness and yellow color. The sensory scores of G. bimaculatus egg in the point of taste resulted in somewhat better estimate than control. These results are appear to be stemmed from fatty acids of cricket.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.489-500
• /
• 1999

The fatty acid composition of muscle were investigated to compare muscle composition among the 9 domestic animals including cattle. In major domestic animals, analyzed the effects of age, part and sex of the animal on their fatty acid composition. The content of 4 types of major fatty acids of muscle was determined and calculated their ratio. Myristic acid and palmitic acid levels were high in chicken and sheep. Besides dog muscle contained a lot of stearic acid. Linoleic acid content showed evident difference in the content depending on the animal species. The ratios of linoleic acid/palmitic acid (L/P ratio) and linoleic acid/stearic acid(L/S ratio) were characteristically high in horse and pig, whereas the ratio of palmitic acid/stearic acid(P/S ratio) was $0.71{\pm}0.17$, showing very low level in dog. As for the content of stearic acid, in cattle and chicken it was higher in young animal than adults. In duck, the contents of all fatty acids and ratio were increased by the age. As for the content of fatty acids according to the part of chicken, high level was shown in thigh than in breast and wing, while there was no remarkable variation by the part in other animal. The differences in the content of myristic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid among some animal could be verified in muscle lipid composition. The L/P ratio which maintained certain level regardless of age, part, sex shown distinctive pattern between the species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the feeding mixture of linseed oil, rich in n-6 PUFA on the lipid metabolism in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats. After male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced hyperlipidemia by feeding the diet containing lard, butter and cholesterol for 3 weeks. then they were fed with the diet containing lard 3.0% and butter 12.0% for control, the mixture in different proportion of both linseed oil and sunflower seed oil, and antihyperlipidemic drugs for 2 weeks. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the brain and heart lipids showed following results. In the fatty acid composition of brain lipids, C20:4 and C22:6 were the major fatty acids but showed little difference among the groups. In the fatty acid of heart lipids,C18:2 was the major fatty acid. The proportion of C20:4 decreased gradually as n-3P/n-6P ratio of the test lipids increased in groups 5 (linseed oil 12.0%) to 9 (sunflower seed oil 12.0%) while the proportion of C22:6 was not affected by the fatty acid composition of the test lipids.