• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 1998

참굴에 다환성방향족탄화수소(PAHs)의 축적성과 이 물질들이 미치는 독성을 평가하기 위해 해양환경에서 빈번히 검출되는 PAHs 중의 하나인 fluoranthene을 사용한 모델연구를 수행하였다. Fluoranthene을 0.01-1ppm의 농도로 2주간 참굴에 노출시켰을 때 참굴 조직내의 fluoranthene의 농도는 노출기간 및 노출농도에 비례하여 최고 40-70배까지 증가하였다. 소화맹낭과 폐각근의 지질 과산화물가는 노출기간 및 노출농도에 관련하여 현저히 증가하였으며 수용성단백질의 함량은 노출기간이 길어짐에 따라 서서히 감소하였다. 그러나 glycogen 함량, nucleoside/nucleotide, DNA 및 RNA 함량은 변화하지 않았다. 이 결과로 fluoranthene은 굴의 조직내로 원활하게 축적함을 확인하였다. 또한 과산화지질의 함량은 fluoranthene에의 오염에 대해 신속히 반응하는 지표의 하나로 추정되며 수용성단백질의 감소도 비록 시간적으로 다소 둔감하기는 하나 또 다른 지표가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.196-204
• /
• 2010

In this study, the following concentrations of some PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) were investigated; [benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene] in processed foods (n=165) and cooked meats (n=45) and established the analytical method by characteristics of processed foods. The methodology involved extraction (alkali digestion, liquid-liquid extraction, microwave extraction), clean-up on Sep-Pak Florisil Cartridges and determination by HPLC/FLD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Fluorescence Detector). The recovery of overall method for 8 PAHs spiked into these products ranged from 92 to 103%. The mean level of detected foods was found to be benzo(b)fluoranthene $0.9\;{\mu}g/kg$ in smoked salmon, benzo(b)fluoranthene $1.0\;{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(k)fluoranthene $0.3\;{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(a)pyrene $0.9\;{\mu}g/kg$ in dried banana, benzo(b)fluoranthene $0.2\;{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(k)fluoranthene $0.1\;{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(a)pyrene $0.2\;{\mu}g/kg$ in smoked chicken, benzo(b)fluoranthene $1.3\;{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(k)fluoranthene $0.3\;{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(a)pyrene $0.9\;{\mu}g/kg$ in charcoal grilled pork, respectively.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.20 no.3 s.50
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2005

Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli was exposed to fluoranthene, a ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, at 1 and 10 $\mu$g/L for 4 weeks followed by depuration period of 8 weeks. Although the fluoranthene in the p]asma reached only 1.8$\~$1.9 times seawater concentration, it was 6.5 $\~$ 15.7 times higher in the liver, spleen and bile indicating efficient accumulation in the lipid -containing body tissues. When the exposed fish were then maintained in clean water, rapid fluoranthene decline occurred in the initial 2 weeks followed by a rather slow phase. This result suggests that fluoranthene accumulates efficiently provided the existence in the culture medium, but the contaminant disappears rapidly once the chemical source is removed. The fluoranthne residue in fish tissues my be a good indifator for relent PAHs exposure.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.08a
• /
• pp.621-624
• /
• 2007

As a new fluoranthene derivative, a synthesis of benzo[k]fluoranthene was suggested, so new blue emitting materials, 7,12-diphenylbenzo[k] fluoranthene [DPBF] and 7,8,10- triphenylfluoranthene [TPF] were synthesized. $EL_{max}$ wavelength of the device using DPBF as an emitting layer was 436 and 454nm in the deepblue region, which are similar values with PL. The device that used DPBF as an emitting layer showed high efficiency of 2.11cd/A and the excellent color coordinate value of (0.161, 0.131) in deep-blue region.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 1999

Due to increasing marine pollution there is a great possibility that seaweed is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To investigate the effect of processing on PAM removal from Porphyra tenera (laver) contaminated PAH, laver was contaminated with fluoranthene known to have a strong photoinduced toxicity, followed by washings and drying, which are usual processes for dried laver preparation. Sample at each step was collected and its toxicity was evaluated using cultured animal cells as well as analyzing PAH contents. Fluoranthene level in laver was significantly lowered by sequential washings with sea water and distilled water, but not by drying. Fluoranthene content in raw laver right after contamination was 221 ppm and decreased to 130 ppm by washings with seawater plus distilled water while its level was not lurker lowered by drying process. Cytotoxicity and photoinduced cytotoxicity in mammalian cells were significantly elevated in laver extracts containing fluoranthene. Cellular arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), one of the biomarkers for cellular accumulation of PAH, was greatly induced by laver extract contaminated with fluoranthene. These results suggest that photoinduced toxicity and AHH activity can be used to monitor contamination of seafood by PAHs. Fluoranthene accumulated in laver was efficiently removed by sequential washings with seawater and tap water for 24 hrs and 12 hrs, respectively.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2003

Fluoranthene, a common polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), exhibits phototoxicity which may affect aquatic organisms. The eventual goal of this study is to develop a biomarker of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) used in monitoring hazardous chemicals in the ecosystem. In this study we investigated neural toxicity of fluoranthene in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) along with comparative analysis of corresponding behavioral response. The untreated individuals shooed normal behavioral characteristics (i. e., smooth and linear movements). The treated fish, however, showed stopping and abrupt change of orientation (100 ppb), and severely reduced locomotive activity and enhanced surfacing activity (1,000 ppb). Treatment of the medaka fish with fluoranthene caused a significant suppresson of acetycholine esterase (AChE) activities in the body portion but not in the head portion. When fish were exposed to 1,000 ppb of fluoranthene for 24 hr, the body AChE activities decreased from 126.${\pm}$31.89 (nmoles substrate hydrolyzed per min per mg protein) to 49.51${\pm}$11.99. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head and body portions were comparatively analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Five organs of the medaka fish showing a strong TH protein expression were the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions. This study provides molecular and neurobehavioral bases of a biomonitoring system for toxic chemicals using fish as a model organism.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.81-92
• /
• 1993

A purpose of this study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of four elements of PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in suspended particulate matters of underground shopping stores in Seoul city. The particulate matters were collected at five underground shopping stores(Yongdungpo, Myongdong, Ulchiro, Express Terminal, Chamshil) in the Seoul area during February-October, 1992. Samples were collected using cascade impactor of low volumn air sampler and were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) with fluorescence detector. Calibration on HPLC analyse is nearly accord with retention time between the standard solution and the samples. Analysed results obtained favorable analysing recovery rate of 97.3% and coefficient of variation of 1.60%. Mean concentrations of suspended particulate matters in five underground shopping stores wre 216.3 g/$m^3$ and observed higher at fine particles(117.2 g/$m^3$) which is respirable particulates than coarse particles(99.2 g/$m^3$). Concentrations of four species PAH were determined with anthracene of 16.8ng/$m^3$, fluoranthene of 72.3ng/$m^3$, benzo(a)pyrene of 0.54ng/$m^3$, and benzo(k)fluoranthene of 0.29ng/$m^3$, respectively. Fluoranthene levels were significantly higher than those levels in other components. PAHs concen-tration at shopping areas showed 21.3ng/$m^3$ in Yongdungpo, 35.1ng/$m^3$ in Myongdong, 23.4ng/$m^3$ in Ulchiro, 11.1ng/$m^3$ in Express Terminal, and 21.4ng/$m^3$ in Chamshil, respectively. Particularly, benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(k)-fluoranthene were detected over 83 percentage in fine particles, while fluoranthene wre highly detected in coarse particles. Also, higher concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene were found in winter while levels of anthracene and fluoranthene were found higher in summer than other seasons.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.510-515
• /
• 2014

Duckweed (Lemna perpusilla J. Torrey) is a typical floating aquatic macrophyte that has been used for evaluating phytotoxicity of toxicants. In this study, we evaluated the responses of duckweed to PAHs and ammonium as toxicants that frequently affect the growth of plants in polluted industrial and agricultural areas. As the duckweed is growing in aquatic environment, the PAHs and ammonium were incorporated into nutrient solution and the fronds were cultured hydroponically. Frond growth was responded differentially to the concentration and type of PAHs. The severe inhibition of frond growth was observed in the treatment of fluorene. Fluoranthene and pyrene, however, showed weak inhibition of frond growth. The latter PAHs that showed weak inhibition did not reduced frond number at the low concentration of 30 ppm. Pigment contents were also responded differentially. Phenanthrene and fluorene reduced chlorophyll content more strongly than fluoranthene and pyrene. Carotenoids, well-known antioxidative compound, was relatively increased at the low concentration of PAHs up to 30 ppm by the treatment of fluoranthene and pyrene, suggesting an increased antioxidative activity in fronds. Ammonium treatment showed higher inhibitory effect even low concentration of 3 mM.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2009

The following concentrations of some PAHs were investigated; [benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo (b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g, h, i)perylene, indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene] in fish(n=168) and shellfish(n=40). The methodology involved saponification and extraction with n-hexane, clean-up on Sep-Pak Florisil Cartridges and determination by HPLC/FLD (High Performance Liquid Chromatograph/Fluorescence Detector). Overall method recoveries for 8 PAHs spiked into these products ranged from 88 to 112%. The mean level of benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene in cooked fish was ND, ND, 0.0009, ND, 0.01, ND, ND, ND and in cooked shellfish was 1.84, 3.51, 0.81, 0.38, 0.39, 0.04, 0.20, ND, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.179-192
• /
• 2001

In order to characterize the distribution patterns of PAHs between Yellow Sand (YS) and non-Yellow Sand(NYS) periods, we collected and analyzed aerosol samples for PAHs for the periods covering 28 March through 24 April 2000. The concentrations of TSP measured during the YS periods were approximately two times higher than the NYS periods. By contrast, the concentrations of PAHs during YS were higher than those of NYS by 140%. In ad-dition, their concentrations in PM 10 were larger than those TSP by 120% . Detailed inspections of our data indi-catd that three species including chrysene. benzo(b)fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene were effeciently ad-sorbed by particles less than 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ diameter and that there were dominating the distribution characterstics of PAHs during the YS periods. Results of correlation analysis also indicated that PAHs exhibited strong correlations with those pollutants originating from combustion sources. It is thus concluded that pollutants such as toxic PAHs that originate from diverse anthropogenic sources of China should be contributing to the degradation of the ambient air quality in Seoul.