• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.712-723
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• 2019

화학적으로 합성된 물질들이 주로 구강 위생 제품에 사용된다. 그러나 이러한 화학 물질을 장기간 사용 시, 내성 발생이나 알레르기, 치아변색과 같은 부작용이 발생할 수 있다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 식물로부터 유래된 항균 물질의 사용과 이러한 항균 물질들의 탐색을 위한 노력이 계속 진행되고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 Streptococcus mutans의 성장과 생물막 형성을 저해하는 해외 자생식물을 탐색하고자 하였다. 본 실험에는 총 300종의 해외 자생식물 추출물이 사용되었으며, 그 중 Chesneya nubigena (D. Don) Ali 추출물이 S. mutans에 대한 비교적 높은 항균활성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다(clear zone, 9 mm; MBC, 1.5 mg/ml). 또한, 19종의 식물추출물이 농도에 비례적으로 S. mutans의 생물막 형성량을 최소 6배 이상 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 특히, C. nubigena (D. Don) Ali 추출물은 1.25 mg/ml의 낮은 농도에서부터 효과적으로 생물막 형성을 억제하는 것으로 관찰하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 C. nubigena (D. Don) Ali 추출물이 S. mutans의 생육 성장과 생물막 형성 저해 효과를 나타내었으며, 이를 통해 본 식물추출물이 충치 예방과 치료에 효과가 있는 항균 대체재 개발의 후보 소재로써 평가된다.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2012

Stachys tibetica Vatke (Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal plant in the folk medicine of Ladakh, India and Tibet for the treatment of various mental disorders. Infusion and decoction of the whole plant is used as a cup of tea for a severe fever, headaches and to relieve tension. The recent study is aimed to evaluate the preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical nature of Stachys tibetica Vatke. The whole plant material was subjected to successive soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether (40 - $60^{\circ}C$), chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and finally decocted with water to get the respective extracts. The fluorescence characteristics of the powdered materials were analysed under ultraviolet light and ordinary light. Different physicochemical parameters such as ash value, extractive value, foaming index, pH values, loss on drying and determination of foreign matter were carried out as per WHO guidelines. The total fat, flavonoid, saponin and volatile contents were also determined. Macroscopical studies revealed the authentication of the plant drug. Physicochemical parameters helped to standardize the plant material while preliminary qualitative chemical tests of different extracts showed the presence of Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Phytosterols/triterpenoids, Saponins, Fixed oils, Fats and phenols/tannins. Quantification of the total flavonoids and saponins and contents were determined as $54.66{\pm}0.58mg/g$ and $75.42{\pm}0.48mg/kg$ respectively, while the volatile and fat contents were 6.5% and 0.7% respectively. Results may lay the foundation for the standardization of the drug and discovery of new molecules from S. tibetica for the treatment of various diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2000

In order to understand the biological role of calmodulin in plants, transgenic plants expressing a mutant calmodulin (VU-4, Iys to ile-115) have been analyzed. We found that tobacco plants expressing VU-4 calmodulin have approximately twofold higher $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels than the control plants. Cell suspension cultures established from the stem explants of the transgenic tobacco seedlings also have higher levels of GABA than the control cell cultures. Specific activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to $CO_2$ and GABA, of the transgenic tobacco cell extracts was about twofold higher than the activity of the control cell extracts. Western-blot analysis showed that the GAD is highly expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants. GAD partially purified from tobacco cell extracts showed approximately threefold $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent activation. These data suggest that GABA synthesis in the transgenic tobacco plants is elevated, possibly due to higher levels of the calmodulin-dependent GAD enzyme and/or as a result of enhanced activation due to increased levels of the foreign calmodulin.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.45-45
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• 2023

Autophagy contributes to enhancing the immune system (innate and adaptive immune system) against foreign pathogens. Autophagy of macrophages is used as a major indicator for developing vaccine adjuvants to increase the adaptive immune response. In this study, RAL increased the production of immunostimulatory mediators and phagocytotic activity in RAW264.7 cells. RAL increased p62/SQSTM1 expression. Inhibition of TLR4, JNK, and PI3K/AKT blocked RAL-mediated increase of p62/SQSTM1. RAL activated JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling. RAL-mediated activation of JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling was reversed by TLR4 inhibition. Taken together, it is believed that RAL-mediated autophagy may be dependent on activating via TLR4-dependent activation of JNK and PI3K/AKT signaling in macrophages.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2023

본 연구에서 인가목 잎 추출물이 RAW264.7 세포에서 면역자 극인자의 생성을 증가시키고 포식작용의 활성화를 유도한다는 것을 확인하였다. 게다가 인가목 잎 추출물은 TLR4 의존적 JNK와 PI3K/AKT 신호전달 활성화를 통해 자가포식을 유도한다는 것을 확인하였다. 대식세포의 활성화와 자가포식은 선천면역반응과 후천면역반응을 향상시킬 수 있는 주요 전략 중 하나이기 때문에 인가목 잎 추출물은 인체의 면역반응을 증가시킬 수 있는 건강기능식품이나 보조제로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 작용기전을 구명하기 위해 관련된 단일억제제를 사용하였기 때문에 명확한 작용기전 구명을 위해 다양한 억제제 또는 siRNA를 활용한 추가적 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2012

N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) including endocannabinoids, anadamide, are long chain fatty acid ethanolamines and express ubiquitously in animal and plant tissues. NAEs have several pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anorexic effects. The levels of NAEs in tissues are strictly regulated by synthesizing and hydrolyzing enzymes because NAEs are not stored in the cell but rather made on demand. NAEs are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and ethanolamines by fatty acid amide hydrolase and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA). Here, we suggest the fluorescence-based assay system for NAAA. We developed N-(4-methy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)palmitamide (PAAC) as a fluorogenic substrate for NAAA and we also generated NAAA stably expressing COSM6 cell line. When extracts of cells expressing NAAA were incubated with PAAC, NAAA specifically hydrolyzed PAAC to palmitic acids and fluorogenic dye, coumarin. Release of coumarin was monitored by using fluorometer. NAAA hydrolyzed PAAC with an apparent Km of $20.05{\mu}M$ and Vmax of 32.18 pmol/mg protein/min. This assay system can be used to develop inhibitors or activators of NAAA.

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2017

Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) fused to the leader sequence of a reporter gene (mRFP) expressed transiently in agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana, was used to show that CChMVd can traffic into chloroplasts, thought to be the site of its replication. Fluorescence from mRFP was detected in chloroplasts, but only if the viroid transcription fusions were present, either from the full-length 400-nt CChMVd, or each of two partial fragments (nucleotides 125 to 2 and 231 to 372). The mRFP and its mRNA were detected by western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively, in tissue extracts of plants infiltrated by each fusion construct. Isolated chloroplasts were shown by RT-PCR to contain the RNA sequences of both CChMVd and mRFP, if both were present, but not the mRFP sequence in the absence of the viroid sequences. The results suggest that RNA trafficking was probably due to an RNA structure, and not a particular sequence, as discussed.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2023

본 연구에서 우리는 작약 뿌리 추출물이 TLR4/PI3K/Nrf2 신호전달을 통해 p62/SQSTM1을 증가시켜 대식세포에서 자가포식을 유도한다는 것을 확인하였다. 대식세포의 자가포식 유도는 선천성과 적응성 면역 반응 간의 연결을 강화해 백신 보조제 개발에 있어서 중요한 표적으로 사용되기 때문에, 작약 뿌리 추출물은 백신개발에 필수적인 백신보조제로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2016

아토피피부염은 가려움증을 보이는 만성의, 재발성의 염증성 피부상태를 말하며 천식, 식품 알레르기, 알레르기 비염 등과 같은 다른 알레르기 질환보다 먼저 발생하고 다양한 면역학적 이상과 이로 인한 다양한 속발 증상도 갖고 있는 만성 재발성의 습관성 질환이다. 본 연구는 TNF-${\alpha}$와 IFN-${\gamma}$로 유도된 HaCaT 세포주를 이용하여 농도별로 PwM 천연물을 처리하였을 때 세포생존율이 우수한 것을 확인하였으며 아토피피부염과 관련된 염증성 사이토카인 즉, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, MCP-1을 측정하였다. 그 결과 IL-6, IL-13, MCP-1의 생산량은 PwM 천연물에 의해 감소하였고 IL-8은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 앞으로의 연구는 해외생물소재를 활용한 아토피피부염 및 염증에 효과적인 치료제 후보물질을 개발하는 것이며 단백질 분석과 기전 연구를 통해 보다 객관적인 검증이 더 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.112-112
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• 2022

This study aims to confirm the possibility of using the invasive alien plants in Jeju as a functional biomaterial. To achieve this purpose, 70% ethanol extract and solvent fractions were prepared for five invasive alien plants (Hypochaeris radicata, Rumex acetosella, Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc., Solanum viarum, Lactuca scariolar) and their antioxidant, antibacterial anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects were investigated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract from invasive alien plants was shown in the order of Rumex acetosella > Hypochaeris radicata > Humulus japonicus. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract against food poisoning bacteria (4 species) and oral cavity-induced microorganisms (6 species) was measured. As a result, the extract of Humulus japonicus showed high antibacterial effects against food poisoning bacteria (E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus) and oral microbes (L. casei, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis). In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract from invasive alien plants was investigated. As a result, the NO production inhibition activity was highest in the Rumex acetosella and the Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. ethanol extract, and the NO production inhibition activity was concentration-dependent. In addition, the Rumex acetosella and the Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. ethanol extract showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on cytokine (IL-6) production. These extracts also showed inhibitory activity of COX-2, an inflammatory protein. This suggests that NO production inhibition activity by the extract of invasive alien plants is the result of inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Currently, organic solvent fractions of crude extract are manufactured and the investigation of active ingredients is continuing along with evaluation of biological activity such as anti-inflammatory. These results are expected to be a major data for the study on the separation and utilization of active ingredients with antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects using foreign plant crude extract and solvent fractions, and are highly likely to be applied to the development of functional food and cosmetics materials.