• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2001

This study examined relationships between peer variables and externalizing behavior problems of 290 4th and 5th grade children in elementary school. The children completed the Friendship Quality Scale and the peer nomination questionnaire. Parents and teachers rated behavior problems of children using the Connors' Rating Scale. Results indicated that rejected children had more behavior problems than popular, average, or neglected children. Socio-emotional supports from a close friend and satisfaction with the friend were negatively related to behavior problems. Behavior problems were mainly predicted by low peer acceptance, and behavior problems of rejected children were negatively and strongly related to socio-emotional supports of a close friend. In conclusion, peer rejection was a risk factor and a friend's support was a protective factor for externalizing behavior problems in 4th and 5th graders.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.175-188
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between child's self-regulation and stress according to child's sex. The subjects for this study were 380 children of 5-6th grade selected from elementary schools in Busan. Lee, Soon-Kyu's questionnaires(1994) on child's self-regulation and Han, Mi-Hyun's questionnaires(1996) on child's stress were used. Statistical techniques such as Manova, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, canonical were used. The resets were as follows : (1) According to sex, there were significant differences in child's self-regulation and stress. The girls showed more self-regulation and higher friend-related stress than the boys. The boys showed higher parent-related stress than the girls. (2) Relationships between child's self-regulation and stress showed as follows : The boys who used more impulsive-control perceived lower friend-related stress, lower school-related stress, lower teacher-related stress, and lower surroundings-related stress. And the boys who used more behavioral-control perceived lower school-related stress, lower teacher-related stress, and lower surroundings-related stress. (3) The predicted variable for boy's friend-related stress was impulsive-control. The predicted variables for boy's school-related stress, teacher-related stress and surroundings-related stress were impulsive-control and behavioral-control. (4) Among three dimensions of self-regulation for boy, the effective variables were impulsive-control and behavioral-control. And among six dimensions of stress were surroundings-related stress, school-related stress and friend-related stress. Implications of this study were discussed in terms of child's self-regulation and stress.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2004

In this study of adolescent aggression, the subjects were 320 male and female 7th and 8th grade students in Changwon. Data were collected with questionnaires and analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that, 1) low friend support, empathy, and prosocial behavior had direct paths to adolescent overt aggression. 2) Low teacher and friend support, empathy, and prosocial behavior had direct paths to adolescent verbal aggression. 3) Low empathy and self-esteem were indirectly related to adolescent aggression through low prosocial behavior. 4) Low teacher support was indirectly related to adolescent aggression through low empathy and self-esteem. 5) Low friend support was indirectly related to adolescent aggression through low self-esteem.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.181-193
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• 1994

The purpose of this research was to study differences between reciprocal and unidirectional friendships and to examine evidence on whether certain constituents of friendship can predict the termination of friendships. A total 375 subjects- 190 elementary and 185 middle school children in Pusan- were administered questionnaires two times at an interval of 3 months. Frequency, factor-analysis, t-test, discriminant-analysis, and cross classification analysis were applied for data analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1) The different constituents of reciprocal and unidirectional friendships were statistically significant. That is, children in reciprocal friendships perceived their relationships more positively, felt closeness more strongly, and evaluated their friend more highly than the children in unidirectional friendships. 2) The termination of reciprocal friendships was predicted by the constituents of friendship. The most powerful predictor was the degree of closeness and the second powerful predictor was the degree of commitment to the relationship and the 3rd powerful predictor was perceived characteristics of the friend. The last powerful predictor was perceived characteristics of the relations. 3) There were no sex differences in the rate of termination of reciprocal relationships. 4) There were age differences in the rate of friendship termination of reciprocal relationships. That is, the rate of termination of reciprocal relationships among older children was higher than among younger children.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to compare rural residents' perceived health status and life satisfaction according to their general and health related characteristics and to identify factors related to perceived health status and life satisfaction in this population. Methods: Subjects were 1,091 adults aged 20 years or older living in Geochang Gun, South Korea. A survey was conducted from June 28 to August 25, 2009. We used the health self rating scale by Lawton et al. (1982) and the overall life satisfaction scale by Wrosch et al. (2000). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0. Result: Sex, age, education, spouse, medical diagnosis, currently taking medication, main health maintenance behavior, alcohol consumption, frequency of alcohol consumption, exercise, family harmony, and friend relationships were significantly related to perceived health status. Age, education, spouse, main health maintenance behavior, smoking, exercise, family harmony, and friend relationships were significantly related to life satisfaction. Further, 29.3% of the variance in perceived health status could be explained by medical diagnosis, exercise, family harmony, education, currently taking medication, and friend relationships, while 11.1% of the variance in life satisfaction could be explained by family harmony, perceived health status, main health maintenance behavior, and friend relationships. Conclusion: Health management programs must be designed so as to incorporate the general and health related characteristics of rural residents if they aim to improve the perceived health status and life satisfaction in that population.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.25-40
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between child's emotional intelligence and stress according to child's sex. The subjects for this study were 380 children of 5-6th grade selected from elementary schools in Busan. Kwak's questionnaires(1994) on child's emotional intelligence and Han, Mi-Hyun's questionnaires(1996) on child's stress were used. Statistical techniques such as Manoya, Pearson's correlation, canonical were used. The results were as follows : (1) According to sex, there were significant differences in child's emotional intelligence and stress. The girls showed higher emotional expression, emotional empathy, emotional control, and the friend-related stress than boys. The boys showed higher parent-related stress than girls. (2) There were significant negative correlations between child's emotional intelligence and stress. The children who got higher emotion intelligence perceived lower stress. (3) Among five dimensions of emotional intelligence for boy, the effective variable was emotional utilization. And among six dimensions of stress, the effective variables were home-environment stress and school-related stress. Among fine dimensions of emotional intelligence for girl, the effective variables were emotional expression and emotional recognition. And among six dimensions of stress, the effective variables were friend-related stress and parent-related stress.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.175-192
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• 2001

This study investigated the relationships between inter-cultural experience and socio-psychological adjustment to the current life among children who have refilmed from living abroad. The subject of research consisted of 102 boys and 110 girls from fourth grade through sixth grade who returned to their home country after living in a foreign correlation Data were collected from 5 elementary schools in Seoul. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlation analysis and regression were used for data analysis. The results of children's social-psychological adjustment were represented by 3 categories: school/friend relationship, stress/strain and language/learning. The following are the summarized results; First, girl students were more likely to adapt to school/friend relationships in Korea and had lower stress/strain than boys. Second, the children having shorter period of residence in foreign county, lower adaptation ability to different culture and extrovert personality showed higher socio-psychological adjustments after returning to Korea. Third, the adjustment to school/friends was influenced by period of residency in the foreign county, the experience of different culture, and extrovert personality. The experience of different culture and extrovert personality effected stress/strain, and the adjustments to language/learning were influenced only by the ewperiecne of different culture. Lastly, the experience of different culture was the most important variable influencing all 3 categories of socio-psychological adjustments.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

Various current events provide evidence that society is undergoing changes in perceptions of social relationships. Specifically, visual media in the form of advertisements can convey images which reflect society's values and concepts about role relationships. The purpose of this research was to examine ads in fashion magazines to determine what types of model roles and role relationships typically appear in fashion advertising which can mirror society's values. A content analysis was conducted of ads obtained from US Vogue and US GQ for the year 2002. Six kinds of roles/relationships were found: (1) Narcissism (representing self absorption), (2) sexually enticing opposite-sex relationships, (3) close/romantic same-sex relationships, (4) friend relationships, (5) family relationships, and (6) independent relationships. Of these, narcissism predominated, however, a small number of sexually provocative ads appeared as well as same-sex romantic relationships. Because sole (single) models were more typical, they also were examined to determine ways in which they relate to the audience. Characteristics examined included body presentation & pose, eye gaze, and facial expression. Direct eye gaze was the typical way to engage the audience. Gender differences were apparent: smiling was more typical of women, indifference for men. The symbolic meaning and values investigated from this research are the blurring of gender identity portrayed in homosexual imagery, family values, and the value of youth. The consistency of models' race in ads does not portray the diversity reflected in the demographic census.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.95-113
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine prepurchase information seeking behavior and postpurchase satisfaction levels for the diet products. Ninty-one women who were living in Cheongju-city area were selected. The survey was conducted during 1996. 7. 25$\sim$8. 12, and questionnare and SAS PC program were utilized. The major findings were as follows : 1. The level of information seeking activity was found to be rather low level, 9.2/20. 2. Friend colleague neighborhood were found to be the most important information source. 3. The level of information seeking according to diet product attributes was found to be rather high, 2.5/3. 4. The level of satisfaction was found to be rather low, 1.6/3. 5. Positive relationships were found between satisfaction level and friend colleague neighborhood, and family relatives out of 6 information sources.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.307-322
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• 2000

This study examined the relation between parent attachment, peer rejection, and friendship in 768 eighth grade students and victimization by peers in early adolescence. The subjects reported on father attachment, mother attachment, and victimization. Victimization was also rated by peers and teachers. The subjects were assessed on peer rejection and friendship(number of friends and presence of a best friend). The results indicated that (1)Father attachment and mother attachment were negatively related to self-reported victimization; (2)Peer rejection was positively related to victimization; (3)The number of friends was negatively related to victimization rated by peers, and victimization rated by peers varied as a function of the presence of a best friend only for girls; (4)The relation between parent attachment and victimization was not mediated by peer rejection or friendship, which indicated that parent attachment had a direct influence on victimization.