• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 2013

Trigonometric ratios are difficult concepts to teach and learn in middle school. One of the reasons is that the mathematical terms (sine, cosine, tangent) don't convey the idea literally. This paper deals with the understanding of a concept from the learner's standpoint, and searches the orientation of teaching that make students to have full understanding of trigonometric ratios. Such full understanding contains at least five constructs as follows: skill-algorithm, property-proof, use-application, representation-metaphor, history-culture understanding [Usiskin, Z. (2012). What does it mean to understand some mathematics? In: Proceedings of ICME12, COEX, Seoul Korea; July 8-15,2012 (pp. 502-521). Seoul, Korea: ICME-12]. Despite multi-aspects of understanding, especially, the history-culture aspect is not yet a part of the mathematics class on the trigonometric ratios. In this respect this study investigated the effect of history approach on students' understanding when the history approach focused on the mathematical terms is used to teach the concept of trigonometric ratios in Grade 9 mathematics class. As results, the experimental group obtained help in more full understanding on the trigonometric ratios through such teaching than the control group. This implies that the historical derivation of mathematical terms as well as the context of mathematical concepts should be dealt in the math class for the more full understanding of some mathematical concepts.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2014

This study is to explain understanding types about the concept of a 'Region' in the 3rd grade high school students(39) through open-ended questionnaires and describe the pedagogical utilizations for this. Students' understanding types about the concept of a 'Region' are compared and then determined through two meaning agreement and association between meaning of students' understanding which is collected through open-ended questionnaires and meaning of a 'Region' which is described in high school curriculum. The results are as in the following. First, Students' understanding types about the concept of a 'Region' were divided into four categories: full, partial, ambiguous, and converted understanding. Second, The degree of right meaning agreement and association existing between two meanings is rising steadily by converted, ambiguous, partial, and full understanding. For this reason, This result can make sure the understanding degree about the concept of a 'Region' is different depending on the students. Third, Students' partial understanding, ambiguous understanding and converted understanding on region concept could be judged as misconception not fully corresponded to region concept in the curriculum explanation. Fourth, Teachers can achieve conceptual change through this misconception as a subject matter of educational dialogue for meaning change.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.422-425
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• 2004

Many believe that electronic distance teaming education transform higher education, saving money and improving learning qualify So, the open University, which teaches around 280,000 students at a distance, is examining the adaption of its distance teaching methods for the internet. But, there are only one type of distance learning education of one way direction. To understand all of a student which selected some of e teaming course, teacher must check that how many student to understand and what is the difficult problems. Without checking this condition, It will be a very difficult and boring distance learning course. In this paper, we introduce of intelligent learning contents of full duplex direction that teach understanding student and not understanding student. The computer simulation results confirms that full duplex e learning system has been proven to be much more efficient than one way direction which not considering about understanding problems.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.133-139
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• 2008

Cyber university can easily study the lecture only press the couple of mouse click or keyboard button anywhere and anytime, if you have a computer. Many people believe that virtual university can save time and improve learning. To check How many students learn which selected some of the virtual university courses, instructor must know how to the understanding students and find out their difficult problems. Without checking this condition, it will be a very difficult and boring virtual university course. In this paper, we introduce the intelligent learning system. It has a full duplex direction that teaches understanding students and not understanding students. The computer simulation results confirmed that a full duplex virtual learning system has been proven to be much more efficient than one way direction which unfortunately does not consider to understanding problems.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 2004

Virtual university can easily study the lecture only press the couple of mouse click or keyboard button anywhere and anytime, if you have a computer. Many people believe that virtual university, can save time and improve learning. To check how many students learn which selected some of virtual university courses, instructor must knows how to the understanding students and find out their difficult problems. Without checking this condition, it will be a very difficult and boring virtual university course. In this paper, we introduce the intelligent learning system. It has a full duplex direction that teachs understanding students and not understanding student. The computer simulation results confirms that full duplex virtual learning system has been proven to be much more efficient than one way direction which unfortunately does not consider to understanding problems.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.372.2-372
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.9-10
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• 2002

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.266.1-266
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• 1994

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2004

This paper presents optimized structured treatment interruption to reduce medication and establish long-term immune response against HIV-infection. Understanding HIV-related immune system control enables better HIV therapy without using full­treatments. Discrete regimen and continuous regimen characteristics are compared. Controllability of HIV-related immune system is analyzed for better understanding of optimal control in HIV therapy. Using optimal control provides more effective therapy than the full treatment without interruption in terms of controllability analysis. Case studies indicates that the proposed therapy induces long-erm non-progression while preserving high CD4 T-helper cell count and low virus load in HIV-infected patients.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.273.1-273
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text