• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics of Yanggaeng, including color, pH, total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activities, with the addition of aged garlic extract (0, 3, 6, 9 or 12%), aged at low temperatures. Among the color characteristics, the lightness value decreased, and the redness and yellowness values increased, proportional to the amount of garlic extract concentrate added to Yanggaeng. The pH of Yanggaeng significantly (p<0.05) decreased according to the amount of aged garlic extract added. Total phenol contents of control (0% aged garlic extract added Yanggaeng) was the lowest, followed by 3, 6, 9, 12% aged garlic extract added to Yanggaeng (88.15, 118.39, 156.91, 208.79 mg/g, respectively). Antioxidant activities, such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, significantly increased with increase in the aged garlic extract concentration. In the sensory evaluation for Yanggaeng, 6% aged garlic extract added to Yanggaeng had the highest score in taste, flavor, and overall acceptance. Based on these results, it is suggest that the addition of 6% aged garlic extract to Yanggaeng can be developed as a product for the elderly.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1984

The possible effects of garlic (Aliium sativurn L.) extract on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus R- 716 were investigated. Various solvent extracts of garlic strongly inhibited growth and sporulation by Aspergillus parasiticus R-716, and effective solvents used for extraction of garlic were chloroform, benzene, and water-chloroform. The growth and aflatoxin production decreased with the increase in extract concentration, and extract equivalent 1.5g of raw garlic weight in 25ml SLS medium completely inhibited, and at a level of 1.25g garlic, total aflatoxin was reduced 64% (472 ${\mu}g$/25ml) of that produced in the control (1, 352 ${\mu}g$/25 ml). During cultivation inhibitory rate of growth was reduced from 89.1% to 40% and aflatoxin $B_2$, $G_1$ production increased with the laps of time. Especially garlic extract appeared to have a stimulatory effect on lipid accumulation on the contrary aflatoxin production.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2011

고지방식이로 유도된 비만흰쥐에 15 brix의 홍마늘 열수추출물을 1%, 3%, 5% 및 7%로 식이 중에 혼합급이하여 체내 지질 함량 및 항비만 효과를 측정하였다. 비만지수와 체지방량은 3% 이상의 홍마늘 추출물의 급이시대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었으나, 내장 지방 및 부고환 주변 지방 함량은 홍마늘 추출물의 급이에 따른 유의차가 없었다. 혈청 중의 총 지질 및 중성지방은 추출물의 첨가량이 증가됨에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 동맥경화지수와 심혈관질환 위험지수도 감소되었다. ALT 및 AST 활성은 홍마늘 추출물 급이시 대조군에 비해감소되었다. 간 조직 중 총 지질 함량은 5-7%의 홍마늘 추출물 급이군에서 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 홍마늘 추출물의 5% 이상 급이시 분변 중에 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 배설이 증가되었다. 혈청 중 지질 과산화물 함량은 5-7%의 홍마늘 추출물 급이군에서 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 항산화 활성은 7% 급이군에서 유의적으로 상승되었다. 따라서 홍마늘 추출물은 분변으로 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 배출을 증가시킴으로써 체내 지질 저하 및 항비만 효과를 내는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2010

Effects of various concentrations of garlic powder and garlic extract in the diets on growth, serum chemistry and immune response of olive flounder were determined. Thirty-five juvenile fish averaging 5.1 g were randomly distributed into 21 of 180 L flow-through tanks. Seven experimental diets with various concentrations of garlic powder (GP) and garlic extract (GE) were prepared in triplicate: GP-0 without garlic supplementation, GP-0.5, GP-1, GP-2, GP-3 and GP-5 diets containing garlic powder at the concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%, respectively at the expense of wheat flour and finally, GE-0.4 diet containing 0.4% garlic extract were prepared. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, serum chemistry of fish was measured. In addition, twenty fish from each tank were artificially infected with E. tarda for the following 96 h to monitor cumulative mortality. Weight gain of fish fed GP-0 diet was higher than that of fish fed GP-1, GP-2, GP-3 and GP-5 diets. No difference in serum criteria (total protein, glucose, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels) of olive flounder was found among the experimental diets except for glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Lysozyme activity of fish fed GP-0, GP-1, GP-3 and GE-0.4 diets was higher than that of fish fed GP-5 diet. The highest cumulative mortality was 93.3% in fish fed GP-0 diet at 96 h after E. tarda infection, followed by GP-3, GP-1, GP-5, GP-2, GP-0.5 and GE-0.4 diets. In considering these results, dietary inclusion of garlic powder and garlic extract has no distinctive positive effect on improvement in growth, serum chemistry and immune response of olive flounder in this experimental conditions, therefore, its application should be carefully considered.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2010

This study was conducted to aid in the development of the optimal recipe for chocolate with fermented and aged garlic extract (Allium sativum var. pekinense). We added garlic extract in order to increase the nutritional value of the chocolate. The optimal sensory composite recipe was determined, following Central Composites for chocolate with different levels of fermented and aged garlic extract (A) and cream (B), while analysis was performed by Response Surface Methodology, from the date that the sensory evaluation was performed. Ten experimental recipes, including 2 reference points in the composition, were selected. The compositional and functional properties were measured, and physical and sensory values were applied to the mathematical models. Perturbation plots showed the influence of each ingredient on the final product. Measurements showed significant values in lightness, sweetness, pH, hardness and cohesiveness, while sensory measurements showed significant values in color, texture, sourness, bitterness and overall quality. The optimum formulations were calculated by numerical and graphical methods, as being 34.61g fermented and aged garlic extract and 72.68g cream for each 200g chocolate. As well it was revealed that the aptitude of chocolate was more influenced by fermented garlic extract than it was by cream.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2011

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has long history of reputed value and actual use for its medicinal, antimicrobial and pesticidal properties. This study was conducted to find possible developments to natural food preservatives and natural antimicrobials from garlic extracts. The antimicrobial activities of raw garlic extract, heat, pH, temperature against pathogenic bacteria were investigated. E. coli, S. Enteritidis, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus exhibited antimicrobial activities at 20% garlic extract, but no antimicrobial activity was seen in E. faecium. Raw garlic extract and garlic extract heated for 2 min at $95^{\circ}C$ showed strong antimicrobial activities, but the antimicrobial activity of garlic extract heated for 10 min at $95^{\circ}C$ was much less. The antimicrobial activities of 50% garlic extract adjusted pH 4.0~7.0 showed much the same, but the antimicrobial activities decreased at pH 8.0 or higher. The antimicrobial activities by storage $-18^{\circ}C$ of garlic extract showed much the same. When five strains were cultured for 72 hr at $35^{\circ}C$ in the TSB containing 1~10% garlic extract, viable cell number of five strains were decreased to $10^0{\sim}10^4$ CFU/ml even at 1% or 2.5% (E. faecium) after 24 hr, but later increased to $10^4{\sim}10^9$ CFU/ml after 72 hr. When five strains were cultured for 21 day at $4^{\circ}C$ in the TSB containing 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% garlic extract, viable cell number of E. coli, S. Enteritidis, and S. aureus were decreased to $10^3$, $10^0{\sim}10^2$, $10^1{\sim}10^4$ CFU/ml after 21 day, respectively, but L. monocytogenes and E. faecium increased to $10^8$ and $10^6$ CFU/ml after 21 day.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2000

This study was designed to verify the efficacy of garlic extracts for protecting the infecton of influenza and Japanese B encephalitis virus. Influenza virus (AO/PR8 strain) and Japanese B encephalitis virus (JaGAr O1 strain) were used to attack mouse through nasal route and each vaccines were injected subcutaneously. 0.002 and 0.2 mL/day of garlic extracts were orally administered to mice. The blood and serum samples were taken from the mice to measure LD50, Defense Index (DI), virus-neutralizing antibody for comparing virus influence inhibiting activities. Defense indices of the male and female mice were not significantly different at every experiment. Vaccination effectively inhibited the influence of influenza virus and 0.002 mL/day garlic extract (0.55$\pm$0.05) resulted in significantly higher DI than the control (0$\pm$0.05) (p<0.05). Although 0.002 mL/day garlic extract (0.55$\pm$0.05) resulted in significantly lower DI than the vaccination (1.10$\pm$0.05), 0.2 mL/day garlic extract (2.05$\pm$0.05) resulted in 10 times higher DI than the vaccination (1.10$\pm$0.05). Garlic extract did not affect DI in Japanese B encephalitis virus influence of the vaccinated mouse, but significantly reduced DI of the non-vaccinated mouse (p<0.05). Garlic extracts did not affect the production of the neutralizing antibody against influenza by vaccination. However, neutralizing antibody production of Japanese B encephalitis was accelerated by vaccination. Consequently, the current study proved the efficacy of garlic on inhibition of influenza virus. Finally, it is very hard to show the higher preventing effect on flu through ingestion of garlic as a food than vaccination.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.627-634
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• 2009

마늘을 이용한 젤리류 개발하기 위해 건조 마늘 분말(0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% 첨가), 생마늘 추출액(0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% 첨가) 및 흑마늘 추출액(5%, 10%, 15%, 20% 첨가) 이용하여 마늘 젤리를 제조하였다. 첨가 재료에 대한 실험 결과, 마늘 추출물과 흑마늘 추출물은 총 폴리페롤, 총 플라보노이드 및 조단백질 함량에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 생마늘 추출액에 비해 흑마늘 추출액은 총 당함량이 유의하게 적은 것으로 나타났으며 흑마늘 추출액이 생마늘 추출액에 비해 DPPH와 ABTS 라디컬 소거능이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 제조된 마늘 젤리의 조직감 및 색도 평가에서 마늘의 첨가되는 양이 많을수록 무첨가한 젤리와 유의적 차이를 보였다. 전반적으로 마늘의 첨가는 젤리의 관능적 인지도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 흑마늘의 첨가는 조직감의 기호를 높일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.846-851
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• 1990

마늘의 이용성 증진에 관한 기초자료를 얻고자 마늘로부터 oleoresin을 제조하고, 아울러 저장안정성 시험을 실시하였다. 물, 인산, 마늘 extract 및 poly sorbate를 혼합하고 antifoam agent인 KM-72을 가하여 거품의 생성을 방지한다. 여기에 lecithin을 첨가한 후 온도를 $50{\sim}55^{\circ}C$에서 7분간 유지한 다음, 다시 온도를 $25^{\circ}C$ 이하로 냉각하고, 최종적으로 TBHQ 및 마늘 정유물을 혼합하여 마늘 oleoresin을 제조하였다. 마늘 oleoresin 제조를 위한 적정 조성은 정유물 1.0%, extract 10.5%, poly sorbate 10.0%, KM-72 0.01%, lecithin 18.0%, TBHQ 0.05%, 인산용액 0.15% 및 물 60.0% 였다. 저장 60일 동안 thiosulfinate과 pyruvate 함량 및 관능검사를 기준으로 마늘 oleoresin의 품질을 판정할 때 $55^{\circ}C$ 저장 처리구의 품질저하는 거의 일어나지 않았으나 $25^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우는 크게 일어났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 1993

Bioactivity of the extract from various processed garlic was evaluated based on the inhibition of lipoxygenase(LPO), and the effect of some stabilizers on the bioactivity was investigated. Water, ethanol or chloroform extract of 30 min boiled garlic showed 75%, 76% or 70% inhibition, respectively, compared to extracts of fresh garlic. In pickled garlic, LPO inhibition decreased gradually during storage. Chloroform extract of 40 day-stored pickled garlic inhibited LPO by 77%, and even on 60th day storage it still retained inhibitory effect of 73%, compared to that of fresh garlic. Meanwhile, the powdered (freeze-dried) garlic showed more bioactivity(80%) than the other processed garlics, and moreover, the jrreversible/unstable components seem to be stabilized by freeze-drying. The optimum pH for stabilization of bioactive components in garlic macerate was pH 3 for 48 hr incubation and pH 11 for 6 hr incubation. In addition, the effect of NaCl was not so great, although but maximal stabilization was observed at 150 mM. Stabilizing effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol was markedly great, and at 6mM it showed 308% stabilizing effect after 48hr incubation. More stabilizing effect was observed at lower concentrations of ascorbic acid($\leq$0.6mM) than higher concentrations. The stabilizing effect of soybean oil was found to be remarkable only during initial period(6 hr) of incubation.