• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.288-295
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• 2015

In this study, we investigate the physicochemical characteristics of dried bracken (Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn) harvested in Namhae. The moisture, ash, crude protein and crude lipid content was $10.79{\pm}0.31%$, $6.16{\pm}0.04%$, $33.20{\pm}0.40%$ and $2.45{\pm}0.27%$, respectively. The total mineral (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn) content was $36720.1{\pm}495.7mg/kg$, with K being the highest at $31890.0{\pm}503.8mg/kg$. The total free amino acid content was 704.41 mg/100 g, the amount of methionine, citrulline and sarcosine being higher than the others. The water and 50% ethanol extracts from the dried bracken were evaluated for the total poly phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity and xanthine oxidase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The total polyphenol content in the 50% ethanol extract ($1574.86{\pm}18.31mg/100g$) was higher than in the water extract ($1240.24{\pm}16.32mg/100g$). The DPPH and ABT radical scavenging activity was increased according to the concentration of bracken extract, and the activity in the 50% ethanol extract was higher than in the water extract. In addition, the xanthine oxidase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also higher in the 50% ethanol extract than in the water extract. In conclusion, bracken has great antioxidative and antidiabetic effects and can be used as a preventive agent for oxidation and diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.515-524
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate effect of dried powders and ethanol extracts of garlic flesh and peel on lipid metabolism and antithrombogenic capacity in 16-month-old rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 618.1$\pm$6.5 g were blocked into five groups according to body weight and raised for 3 months with control and experimental diets containing 5% (w/w) of dried powders of garlic flesh or peel, or ethanol extracts from equal amount of each dried powder and control diet. Plasma and liver total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol, and plasma HDL-cholesterol, throm-boxane $B_2$ (TX $B_2$), 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1a}$ (6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$) concentrations were measured. Total, insoluble and soluble dietary fibers contents were highest in peel powder followed by fresh powder, and those in ethanol extracts of flesh and peel, especially soluble, very low. Plasma and liver total lipids, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations were lower in all the garlic experimental groups compared to Especially, flesh and peel powder lowered plasma total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations markedly, and flesh powder and flesh ethanol extract lowered liver total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration remarkably. Plasma TX $B_2$ concentrations in garlic experimental groups were lower than that of control group, and 6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ concentrations. In garlic experimental groups were higher than that of control group. Flesh ethanol extract group showed the lowest TX $B_2$ and the highest 6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ concentrations among experimental groups, so TX $B_2$/6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ ratio in flesh ethanol extract group was significantly lower than that of control group. Moreover, clotting time was significantly increased in flesh ethanol extract group as compared to control group. In conclusion, intakes of dried powders and ethanol extracts of garlic flesh and peel were effective in lowering lipid levels of liver and plasma. And also flesh ethanol extract diet was most effective in antithrombogenic activity among garlic experimental groups as TX $B_2$/6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ ratio in flesh ethanol extract group was significantly lower and clotting time was significantly increased in this group as compared to control group.ntrol group.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1994

When three systems commonly used for screening(washed platelets suspended in uffer containing Ca2+, washed platelets in buffer without Ca2+and platelet rich plasma) are compared by studying the anti-aggregating capacity of garlic extract, platelet rich plasma was the least sensitive system. The most sensitive assay system, based on the IC50s of garlic extract and 2 other platelet aggregation-inhibiting agents(vitamin K3 and propranolol), was the platelet preparation without Ca2+in the suspension buffer. This system was confirmed as the most sensitive during subsequent investigation of garlic extract's capacity to inhibit platelet ATP release. These results suggest that applying the system with washed platelet without Ca2+is most effective to screen for the anti-affregating capacity of natural food.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2010

In this study we examined the effects of water extract of garlic on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, and demonstrated increased beneficial enzyme and anti-oxidant activity as well as histopathological changes (by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining, Trichrome staining, and TEM examination), and showed that the treatment was dose-dependent and safe. A total of 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally (n=7) into six groups. To induce hepatotoxicity in these subjects, carbon tetrachloride diluted in an equal volume of olive oil was intraperitoneally administrated at 0.5 ml/kg (0.20 g/kg/day) once a day for five days. Water extract of Korean-grown garlic was administered via a stomach sonde once a day, 5 days a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Groups received 0.35 g/kg (E1), 0.70 g/kg (E2), or 1.40 g/kg (E3), with the dose adjusted for body weight. Administration of garlic extract resulted in positive physiological effects in terms of reduced oxidative stress and toxicity, and induced functional changes in the liver. Comparing the subject groups (E1, E2, E3) administered different doses of garlic extract, the importance of morphological analysis in further studies is emphasized, because morphological changes indicating hepatotoxicity could occur, even though beneficial enzyme activities were found to be elevated.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2022

Rodent model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion caused by bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) show clinically relevant evidences for vascular dementia and impairments of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of fermented garlic (F-Garlic) extract with NO metabolites on cognitive behaviors, synaptic plasticity, and molecular events in the hippocampus following BCAO. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided three experimental groups into: control+water; BCAO+water; BCAO+F-Garlic. Animals were treated with oral administration of F-Garlic in tap water as a drinking water after surgery for 4 weeks. On passive avoidance test and Y-maze test, BCAO+water showed a significant decrease in step-through latency and spontaneous alteration, indicating deficit of hippocampal memory formation but the treatment of F-Garlic significantly increased these cognitive behaviors. In control+water, a robust increase in the amplitude of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials was observed by theta burst stimulation to hippocampal neural circuit indicating formation of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1. BCAO+water showed a highly significant deficit in LTP induction 4 weeks after BCAO. On other hand, daily oral administration of F-Garlic extract caused the marked preservation of LTP induction. Moreover, parvalbumin was markedly reduced in the CA1, especially, in the stratum radiatum of BCAO+water. In contrast, BCAO+F-Garlic mitigate a significantly reduction of the parvalbumin. In summary, these results suggest that daily oral administration of F-Garlic extract can ameliorate cognitive memory deficit through the preservation of synaptic plasticity and interneurons integrity in the hippocampus in rodent model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2010

In the recent version of the Korea Pharmacopoeia(KP) and the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia(KHP), there are 563 items(181 in KP, 381 in KHP) of herbal medicines including finished drugs. Also, approximately 507 items including herbal extracts and herbal medicinal products was published in the 3th edition of Korea Pharmaceutical Codex (KPC). These items help the persons working in the pharmaceutical manufacturing field to register the drug and in research fields to develop the new drug considering as a standard specifications. This study was carried out to establish standard analytical methods for 'Compound Hawthorn Berry 60% Ethanol Extract, Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract and Garlic Oil Capsules' in the 3th edition of Korea Pharmaceutical Codex. Ginkgo flavonoid and terpene lactone were employed as reference compounds for analytical method. Analytical methods established in this study could be applied to a reasonable and unified quality control of G. biloba leaf extract and hawthorn berry extract.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1992

To study effects of wild garlic on components of lipid and protein, blood glucose level, and cholinesterase activity in rat's serum, Sprague-Dawley strain of 40 male rats are divided into 5 groups which are Normal, Control, A, B, and C group. Normal group is fed only Basal diet, and Control group is fed Basal diet and 0.5ml/day of 2.5% cholesterol solution, In addition to a diet of control group, A group is fed 25% wild garlic flour, B group 0.5ml/2day of concentratded wild garlic juice, C group 0.5ml/2day of concentrated ethanol extract of wild garlic, After 8 weesk the rats were fasted for 12 hours, and then decapitated to collect blood. The results of analysis of the rat's serum were summarized as follows, 1. Wild garlic diet, specially ethanol extract has an influence on decreasing the level of total cholesterol and blood glucose in rat's serum, 2. HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid content of rat's serum are increased by wild garlic diet. Therefore I think that wild garlic is good food for preventing development of atherosclerosis and diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.520-525
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• 1994

This study was carried on the garlic-seasoning oil production by autoclaving method and evaporating method in order to research a developed method. The raw, flake, extract states of garlic was added 40%(w/w) of total amounts to corn salad oil. All samples treated with various conditions analyzed the volatile flavor components(VFC) during incubating ($40{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and heating ($185{\pm}2^{\circ}C$). In the garlicseasoning oils, the contents of propane, pentane, methyl allyl trisulfide and diallyl trisulfide as the major VFC were decreased while the contents of propenal and hexanal increased according to the storage and heat treatment. The order of flavor contents among garlic states were raw>extract>flake, but flavor stability were raw>flake>extract states during storage, while flake>raw>extract states in heat treatment. VFC in garlic-seasoning oil made by evaporating method were about 66.1% level of those made by autoclaving method, but the changing tendency of their content during storage and heat treatment were shown to be similar. According to those results, autoclaving method and evaporating method were thought to the rational method in preparation of garlic-seasoning oil.

• Proceedings of the Korea Hospitality Industry Research Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.112-122
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• 2002

This study was made to find the compound of it's taste and properties of texture and also it's color desired and optimal conditions when the natural spices garlic, celery, parsley, bay leaves, pepper com, nutmeg, shallot, onion, tarragon, lemon juice-are added to reduction of the spices in the liquid egg yolk and hot virgin olive oil. Extracted by white wine and vinegar and then baked on salamander and gas oven in emulsified properties of sabayon and hot virgin olive oil. It may be indicated the pasteurization that during that in all treatment of the liquid egg yolk was achieved with whisk holding water in double boiling pen 95$^{\circ}C$ for 1min with the object of removing salmonella possibly contained in the yolk.(lmai camd namba e2).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

To determine the effect of garlic on acute liver damage caused by $CCl_4$, the values of GOT, GPT, LDH in blood were measured. GOT, GPT, LDH values from mouse treated 2,000mg/kg garlic substance powder were significantly lower than disitlled mouse(positive treatment) after distilled water ingestion only showed big death, but 2,000mg/kg garlic powder treated mouse rarely showed death of liver tissue.