• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of waste sludge from antibiotic fermentation on the growth of young radish and chemical properties of soil, five levels of fertilizer, control (recommended fertilizer, $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=160-59-104$ kg/ha), AS(control + sludge 1,000 kg/ha), AC(control + conventional compost 1,000 kg/ha), SNS(control - subtracting 30% N of sludge + sludge 1,000 kg/ha) and SNC(control - subtracting 30% N of conventional compost + conventional compost 1,000 kg/ha) were applied and radish was grown twice with same treatments on May and August in 1998. Germination rate and early growth of young radish grown with AS and SNS were lower than those grown in control and with AC, SNC. This negative effects by adding the sludge in the early growth seemed to be caused by damage of ammonia gas released during degradation of the sludge in soil. However, yield of young radish showed no significant difference among all the treatments including the AS and SNS at the 1st and 2nd experiment, and these suggested that the latter half of growth of young radish was accelerated by adding the sludge. Contents of T-N in young radish and inorganic N in soil showed a tendency to increase by adding the sludge while antibiotic substance, cephalosporin-C, was not detected in plant material and soils after harvest of young radish in both experiments. Consequently, waste sludge from antibiotic fermentation, which contains high levels of organic matter and nitrogen could be used as an useful resource in agriculture.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2001

Lettuces were grown hydroponically in three different nutrient solutions, normal and 30 or 50 mM $KNO_3-added$ nutrient solutions, and the electrical conductivities of the nutrient solutions were 1.0, 4.5, and 6.5 dS/m, respectively. Lettuces grown in the $KNO_3-added$ nutrient solutions showed a decrease in the germination ratio and the lower indices of growth, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width. Microsomes were prepared from the roots of lettuce and characteristics of microsomal ATPases were investigated. The activities of microsomal ATPases grown in the 30 mM and 50 mM $KNO_3-added$ nutrient solutions were higher than that grown in the normal nutrient solution. The highest activities of microsomal ATPases were observed at pH 7.0 in all culture conditions. The activities of microsomal ATPases were increased in a reaction buffer solution containing high concentration of $K^+$, whereas they were decreased in a reaction buffer containing $Na^+$. The stimulating effect of $K^+$ in the reaction buffer was greater on the microsomal ATPases of lettuces grown in the $KNO_3-added$ nutrient solutions than that grown in the normal nutrient solution. These results imply that the activities of microsomal ATPases in the root tissue are increased as increasing the $KNO_3$ concentration in the hydroponical nutrient solution.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1998

The most remarkable aspect in the hormesis law is that dose of harmful agents can produce effect that are diametrically opposite to the effect found with high doses of the same agent. Minute quantities of a harmful agent bring about very small change in the organism and control mechanisms appear to subjugate normal processes to place the organism in a state of albert and repair. The stimulated organism in more responsive to changes in environmental factors than it did before being alerted. Routine functions, including repair and defense, have priority for available energy and matetial. The alerted organism utilizes nutrients more efficiently, grows faster, shows improved defense, and lives longer. Accelerated germination, sprouting, growth, development, blooming and ripening, and increased crop yield and resistance to disease are found in plants. Another concept supported by the data in that low doses of ionizing radiation provide increased resistance to subsequent high doses of radiation. The hormesis varies with subject plant, variety, state of seed, environmental and cultural conditions, physiologic function measured, dose rate and total exposure. The results of hormesis are less consistently found, probably due to the great number of uncontrolled variables in the experiments. The general dosage for radiation homlesis in about 100 (10 to 1,000) times ambient or 100 (10 to 1,000) times less than a definitely harmful dose, but these must be modified to the occasion. Although little is known about most mechanisms of homzesis reaction, overcompensation of repair mechanism is offered as one mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2012

The unmanaged abandoned concrete roads are vulnerable toward the issues on soil and water pollution, which requires flexible managing method such as eco-corridor after the process of ecological restoration. Among various alternations of abandoned concrete-paved roads, ecological restoration technique may be the most suitable method in sites including high quality of natural environment. Therefore, as in Young dong province, GyungBu express highway (227.24~229.04km), which is near to Hwang-gan IC, the survey to measure its effect of soil under the paving and water pollution by abandoned concrete roads was discussed. Then, the restoration method of plantings of landscape trees and hydro-seeding methods of artificial soil media was appraised through consecutive monitoring. The soil adequacy analysis shows lower percentage of heavy metal substance in each depth level compared to standard limit stated by the Ministry of Environment, along with low concerns raised after the analysis on heavy metal content of the spilled water on the concrete roads. Meanwhile, Korean Weigela (Weigela subsessilis L.H. Baily) was found to be withered in small-scale landscape trees planting sites. Among the seeding plants. the family of leguminosae, Silene armeria, Dendranthema boreale, Caryopteris incana and Aster yomena show good establishment results. Overall studies on planting of small and large landscape trees, planting method of container plants, planting method of ground cover plants, and germination and development trend of seeding plants of the experimental restoration site on abandoned concrete roads are revealing specific trends in the way landscape woody plants establishment and growth. Finally, this study suggests further studies and survey on varied plant restoration methods on abandoned concrete-roads for developed design guidelines of their methods.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.337-354
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• 2017

Cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon population is widely distributed in the world, and well known as harmful algae by producing toxins and off-flavor materials, thus belonging to one of the taxa that became more interested in the field of limnoecology. In this study, the frequency, intensity, and duration of Aphanizomenon occurrence were increased with the abnormal drawdown of water level in the winter in Boryeong Reservoir, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of them are compared with each other in the perspective of hydrometeorology (1998 to 2017) and limnology (2010 to 2017). In Korea, Aphanizomenon flourished mainly in high temperature, and the appearance in the low temperature was rare in total five times. The harmful cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon was observed in the low temperature (December to February) in Boryeong Reservoir from 2014, and then reached a maximum value of $2,160cells\;mL^{-1}$ in January 2017. In addition, the period exceeding $1,000cells\;mL^{-1}$ at this time was more than 3 months. This was simultaneously associated with abnormal water level fluctuation in the low temperature ($<10^{\circ}C$). The large drawdown of water level in the winter season has the potential to promote or amplify the germination and development of harmful algae. Also, subsequent water quality and ecological impacts(e.g., algal toxins and off-flavor substances) need to be considered carefully.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of seed coating on germination and early growth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schr.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) over sown on unploughed hilly and forested areas. Establishment and early growth of coated tall fescue and orchardgrass on unploughed hilly area were not significantly influenced by seed coating. Establishment and early growth of coated alfalfa on unploughed hilly area were higher than non-coated and showed 4.7% and 4.0 g/m2, respectively. Establishment of coated tall fescue (11.8%) on forested area were higher than noncoated (0.3%), but ealy growth of tall fescue was not significantly influences by seed coating. Establishment of over sown orchardgrass on forested area was not significantly affected by seed coating, but early growth of coated seed (18.7%) was better than that of non-coated (0.3%). Establishment of coated alfalfa on forested area were higher than those of non-coated. Results of this study indicate that the establishment and early growth of over sown tall fescue, orchardgrass, and alfalfa could be improved by seed coating.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.676-680
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• 2007

This research was conducted to investigate the changes in quality characteristics of cheonggukjang made with 24-hr germinated soybeans during fermentation. Our study confirmed that the pH of the 24-hr germinated soybeans was 6.7, and the value increased as fermentation progressed. The amount of viscous substances in the cheonggukjang produced with the 24-hr germinated soybeans constantly increased to 5.89% at 36 hr of fermentation, and then remained unchanged. Free sugars (raffinose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose) rapidly decreased with the fermentation process. The levels of free amino acids in the 24-hr germinated agakong and the 48-hr fermented cheonggukjang were 391.0 and 10,994.8 mg%, respectively. Glutamic acid content was highest, followed by aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, and proline. The ratio of glutamic acid to total free amino acids at 48-hr of fermentation was 18.0%. Finally, it was confirmed that the sensory evaluation score of the 24-36 hr fermented cheonggukjang, made with the 24-hr germinated soybeans, was superior to that of the 24 and 48-hr fermented cheonggukjang.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2014

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is one of cool-season adapted perennial grass species and has been cultivated worldwide as a important forage and lawn grass. In this study, we evaluated the seed production of new tall fescue cultivar, 'Purum', which was cultivated in Korea. Agronomic aspects of tall fescue were determined using seed production and forage nutritive value of straw at the National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2012 to 2013. The heading date according to the seeding time displayed 2~3 days differences. The harvested seed yields were the largest (1,711 kg/ha) when seeding date at September $17^{th}$, whereas it decreased when planted ten days earlier or later than at that time. The thousand-grain weight of gathering seeds was 2 g, and the germination rate was 80 to 83% showing no significant differences among the different seeding times. The yield of fresh weight and dry matter were the largest (63,556 kg/ha and 16,926 kg/ha, respectively) when planted at September $17^{th}$. The dry matter yield was gradually decreased with delaying seeding time as 10 days period. However, nutritive values of straw did not showed significant differences.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.300-305
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate quality properties, including amylose, alkali digestion value (ADV), and amylogram, of brown rice and germinated brown rice of some cultivars in Korea for rice processing products. The protein content of brown rice was significantly higher than those of germinated brown rice. The amylose content of the samples ranged from 17.09 to 18.85%. Alkali digestion value (ADV) of brown rice and germinated brown rice were described as a grade of 2-5 and 4-7, respectively. In a rapid visco analyzer (RVA) examination, pasting temperature of brown rice and germinated brown rice was $67.93-68.05^{\circ}C$. In addition, the pasting characteristics of brown rice were significantly higher than those of germinated brown rice. A texture analysis test showed that germinated brown rice Haiami had the lowest hardness and germinated brown rice Samkwang had the highest adhesiveness.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.508-512
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• 2000

Growth of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) 'Kumtap', tomato (Lycoperisocon esculentum) 'Seokwang', petunia (Petunia hybrida) 'Madness Rose', and pansy (Viola tricolor) 'Magestic Giant' in mixtures of chestnut woodchips and granular rockwool at 25:75, 50:50, or 75:25 (v/v) was examined. Chestnut woodchips were soaked in water for 48 hours or aged in open field for 6 months in order to remove substances impeding plant growth. A commercial plug medium was used as the control. All treatments showed in a similar result in red pepper, petunia, and pansy. Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content in media containing chestnut woodchips, especially in higher proportions, were poorer as compared to those in the control. On the contrary, height, fresh weight, and dry weight of tomato seedlings in media containing woodchips were significantly higher than those in the control. For petunia, pansy, and red pepper, six month ageing in open field of woodchips was more favorable for growth than 48 hour water soaking. Emergance of petunia seed was inferior, especially when woodchip content was higher, to the other crops with a resultant growth suppression. From the results, chestnut woodchips proved to be a practical material as a medium component only in tomato plants.