• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2000

The synthesis of N-methyl glucamine was performed in two step reaction. The first step involves the amination between methylamine and glucose in methane. The N-methyl glucamine was obtained by the reduction of using Ni catalyst under the high pressure. The second step was glucamide anionic derivatives synthesis from N-methyl glucamine, maleic anhydride, lauryl alcohol and laurylamine by Schotten Banmann reaction respectively. Their molecular structures of N-methyl glucamine and glucamide (EG-MAS and AC-MAS) were investigated by IR and $^{1}H-NMR$. Basic physical properties and biodegradability of there glucamide anionic surfactant was investigated. The range of cmc values determined by measurements of surface tention was $10^{-5}{\sim}10^{-4}mol/l$ and the surface tension of the aqueous solution revealed in the range $28{\sim}30$ dyne/cm and their biodegradability was very good in the pH $5{\sim}10$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.171-176
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• 1996

The easily biodegradable nonionic surfactant of glucamide(N-alkyl-N-acyl glucamine) was synthesized by the two-step reaction. The first step was the amination between alkylamine and glucose in methanol. Then, alkyl glucamines were obtained by reduction using Ni catalyst under the high pressure with 86~93% of reaction yield. The second step was the synthesis of glucamide from alkyl glucamine and fatty acid methyl ester in methanol under the alkali catalytic condition while refluxing the solvent. The reaction yield of this step was 84~95% except the benzyl glucamine, which the reaction yield was 50~70%. The molecular structure of four kinds of alkyl glucamine and 16 kinds of glucamide with different alkyl and acyl groups was studied by IR, MS and NMR.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 1995

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the behavioral characteristics of nootropic candidates, entrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, piracetam and red ginseng saponin components on stereotyped sniffing behavior induced by apomorphine in rats. Apomorphine, a direct dopaminergic receptor agonist, induced stereotyped behaviors including sniffing licking growing and biting in a dosedependent manner, and that behaviors were completely inhibited when measured at 1 week after 6-ydroxydopamine(6-HDA) treatment. Centrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, red ginseng total saponin(TS), panaxatriol (PT), and Rg1 enhanced but panaxadiol (PD) inhibited, whereas piracetam and Rb1 were not effective of the sterotyped sniffing behavior induced by apomorphine(1mg/kg). The enhanced stereotyped behavior by centrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, red ginseng total saponin, panaxatriol(PT), and Rg1 seems to have a similarity to entrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamate in modulating of dopaminergic neuroal activity and also my be useful for the nootropic candidates.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.2 s.54
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• pp.115-121
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• 1999

Effects of single and repeated administration of various nootropic candidates were examined on impaired acquisition by single oral administration of 3 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) in step through test. The inhibitory effect of EtOH on acquisition was significantly reduced by single picrotoxin, but not affected by diazepam, acetyl-L-carnitine and apomorphine. Single or repeated red ginseng total saponin and deprenyl, single piracetam, repeated N-methyl-D-glucamine, but not single or repeated protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and centrophenoxine significantly ameliorated the impairment of acquisition by EtOH. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of repeated red ginseng total saponin but not that of repeated N-methyl-D-Glucamine, was significantly blocked by pretreatment of $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine, a inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis. Whereas, the inhibitory effect of repeated deprenyl on EtOH amnesia was exaggerated by $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine. These results suggest that the amelioration processes of drugs on ethanol amnesia involve complex mechanism between the central GABAergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in memory and learning, although the effects of repeated drugs administration are not yet clear.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2006

In this study, it was investigated on the boron separation ken synthetically prepared seawater. ion exchange resin used in the experiments was Amberlite IRA 743, containing glucamine functional group. The experiments were carried out as a function of the conditions of the pH, boron initial concentration and temperature of seawater in a batch reactor. As a result, optimum conditions for boron adsorption were at pH 8.5 and 313 K, respectively. The adsorption rate was increased very fast with increasing the temperature, but decreased with increasing the initial concentration of boron. Also, the kinetics for boron adsorption applied the pseudo-second order model, as follows: $$\frac{X}{1-X}=780[C_0]^{-1.65}t^{1.48}\;exp\;({-\frac{17883}{RT}}\)\;;\;pH8.5$$

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.283-283
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• 1994

뇌기능개선 약물들(nootropic drugs)은 항치매약물로 기대되나 현재까지 약리학적으로 공통점이 보고되어 있지는 않다. 최근 수종의 뇌기능 개선약물의 작용이 중추도파민신경 활성을 매개로 함이 보고된바 있다. 따라서 apomorphine 투여에 의해 유발되는 상동행동을 지표로 하여 현재 사용중인 뇌기능개선약물과 국내 자원생약 성분의 작용을 비교 검토하였다. 1. apomorphine 투여에 의하여 유발된 상동행동에 대하여 centrophenoxine 과 N-methyl -D-glucamine은 현저한 상승효과를 나타내었으나 Piracetam은 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 인삼사포닌 성분 중 panaxatriol 및 Rgl 성분은 현저한 상승효과를 나타내었으나 total saponine, panaxadiol 및 Rbl 성분은 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.23-28
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• 1997

The phase diagram for the surfactant mixture system of N-dodecanocyl-N-methyl amido polyolcarboxyl alkyl ether(DGC)/N-dodecanocyl-N-alkyl glucamine(DG)/water was studied usingpolarized microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and rheological measurements respectively. Using polarized microscopy, the textures of liquid crystal phases obtained at various surfactantconcentrations were investigated as a function of surfactant concentration and temperature, and phasetransitions between anisotropic liquid crystal phases and isotropic liquid phase were examined usingDSC measurements. Viscoelastic properties of surfactant solutions determined between hexagonal andlamellar liquid crystal phase by rheological measurements were approximately consistent with the resultsobtained by polarized microscopy and DSC. In the study for the phase of DGC/DG(5:5 mol ratio)/water system. It could be found that the hexagonal liquid crystal phase appeared at 25${\sim}$60wt％ ofsurfactant, the cubic liquid crystal phase at 50${\sim}$65wt％ and the lamellar crystal phase at above 70wt％.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.300-305
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• 1999

A sensitive and efficient assay method was applied to determine the level of glutamic acid (GA) and ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) in frontal cortex and hippocampus of rat administrated with ethanol and drugs. The compounds were derivatized with ο-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 2-mercaptoethanof for precolunm analysis. The condition for the simultaneous determination of GA, GABA and $\beta-aminobutyric$ acid (BABA) by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was reverse phase $C_{18}$ column as stationary phase, 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 0.1 mM $Na_4EDTA$ : methanol = 55:45 (v+v) pH 3.8 as mobile phase and 0.7V electrode voltage. The stability of reaction product of GA, GABA and BABA with OPA could be increased by adding the same volume of polyethylene glycol 400 to reaction mixture. The GABA level in frotal cortex of rat was significantly decreased by the administration of picrotoxin and diazepam, but it was significantly increased by the administration of red ginseng total saponin, N-methyl-D-glucamine and (-)-deprenyl.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 1996

The dynamic surface tension of GL12 (easily biodegradable nonionic surfactant and mild to skin), LAS and SLES aqueous solutions and that of mixed surfactant systems were measured by the maximum bubble pressure method at different mixing ratios. The effects of various salt such as NaCl, CsCl and urea on the dynamic surface tension of mixed surfactant systems were also studied. The dynamic surface tension of GL12 was not influenced by the presence of salts. On the contrary, the dynamic surface tensions of anionic surfactants (LAS and SLES) were significantly affected by the salts. In the mixed surfactant systems, the effect of salt increased as the composition of anionic LAS or SLES increased in the GL12/LAS and GL12/SLES mixtures.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.881-885
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• 1997

The solubilizing capacity of GL-12, LAS, SLES aqueous solutions and that of mixed surfactant systems were studied using sudan III, which is oil-siluble dye. The solubilizing capacity of mixed surfactant systems was greatly influenced by the mixing ratios. Generally, the solubilizing capacity increased as the composition of GL-12 in the mixed systems increased. From the effect of NaCl on the solubilizing capacity, it was found that the solubilizate is located near the palisade layer in the GL-12/LAS system, and the solubilizate is located inside the micellar core in the GL-12/SLES mixed system. These differences in the location of slubilizate inside micelles result from the difference of molecular structure between LAS and SLES.