• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.8-17
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• 1968

A grafting method, cleft grafting of ordinary dormant scion into an inverted radicle of a germinated seed was tested with good success for chestnut as well as for walnut trees. It was seen that verticilate roots which were produced from the cut and of radicle after grafting made a complete union with scion and made healthy development to produce a successful graft. The radicle before secondary rootlets emerged from its rooting zone was proved to be best stock for inverted radicle grafting. The dormant but was also used for grafting scion with success in this method. Though green house grafting gives higher survival, field grafting was also feasible by this method. Those early growing geason after grafting, the later development of root system and the shoot of the graft were to be studied in the future.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of grafting methods on plug seedling quality, growth after transplanting, and yield of oriental melon that those seedlings were raised in the 32 hole plug tray for protected cultivation. Number of leaf and leaf area in approach grafting were higher until 15 days after grafting but lower on 20 days after grafting. Plant height, stem diameter and content of chlorophyll were nearly the same of each grafting methods on 20 days after grafting. Growth of top part, that is, plant height, leaf number, and leaf area on root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the highest among the grafting methods. In the underground part, dry weight of root was high and T/R ratio was the lowest. Seedling quality of root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the highest among grafting methods before transplanting. Plant height, number of leaf, leaf area and dry weight of root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting in the growth of field were the highest on 30 days after grafting among grafting methods and days required for first flowering was also shorter, 38.4 days among grafting methods. But Fruit weight, content of soluble solids, fruit hardness, and color characteristics in fruit quality were insignificant among each grafting methods. Consequently, grafting methods influenced on the seedling quality, of oriental melon early growth after transplanting and yields. It was concluded that root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the best methods in present study. It will be needed to convert grafting methods. Thus new grafting method should be applied.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.788-793
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• 2014

Vegetative propagation of walnut is difficult compared with that of other fruit and nut species. The present study assessed three methods of grafting (patch, shield, and chip) at various periods of walnut growth and with different timings of grafting in walnut. Early May was the best time for grafting, at which time the highest success rate was obtained by the patch method (96%), followed by chip-budding (75%), while shield-grafting showed the lowest efficiency (10%). Patch-grafting was also successful (75-80%) in early August and moderately successful in mid-June (51-55%), while the shield and chip methods had no success during these two times (0.00%). Patch-grafting was more efficient and also induced better callus formation and scion growth than the other two methods. The genotypes used did not affect grafting efficiency. The best results were obtained by patch-budding in both tested genotypes. The present findings show the potential value of patch-grafting in early May as a propagation method for walnut for establishment of guidelines for propagation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.307-312
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• 2000

This study was carried out to develop an automatic grafting system suitable for fruit-vegetable seedlings. The study consisted of two research sections: 1) development of a medium-sized, low-cost automatic grafting system for cooperative farms and commercial seedlings production company, and 2) commercializing research for prototype development based on the above concepts. The grafting robot developed in this research can be described as follows, a. Developed grafting robot can cover the whole operations for grafting scion and rootstock, only if operator provides scion and rootstock tray. b. Five seedlings can be grafted at one time, and about 1,200 seedlings can be grafted in one hour. c. The success ratio of mechanical grafting scion and rootstock with ceramic pin bonding provided by the holder is more than 95% when the conditions of seedlings are satisfied. d. The grafting efficiency has improved over 10 times compared with manual work, and the grafting cost generated 44% savings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

Manual grafting is a labor-intensive operation and highly susceptible to human error. Development of grafting robot has been considered as an effective alternative to manual grafting. The study was conducted to investigate the grafting efficiency between the domestically produced automated grafting robot and traditional manual grafting performed in a commercial plug seedling greenhouse. Plug seedlings of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) 'Buchon' and 'Anseongmatchum' were sown as scions and rootstocks, respectively on March 29, 2013. The grafting was performed by a grafting robot, amateur grafters, and professional grafters on May 31, 2013. After grafting, the seedling efficiencies and seedling characteristics were compared in terms of plant height, the number of success as well as failure of seedling grafts produced in an hour. The results showed that plant heights were most uniform in the grafts performed by the professionals that had a 0.6 cm difference whereas an uneven difference of 2.1 cm difference was observed in plug seedling grafted by an amateur. However, plug seedlings grafted by the grafting robot were found to be uniform with 1 cm plant height difference. Moreover, the maximum number of grafting processed plug seedlings per hour (667 plants) was achieved by the grafting robot on compared with the seedlings grafted (466 plants) by the professionals. Furthermore, the least failure rate of 21.7% was noted upon the usage of grafting robot than the manual grafters. Thus, the results demonstrate that the technology of automated grafting robots is the most appealing and can be employed in commercial plug seedling greenhouses to overcome the drawbacks of manual grafting.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.453-461
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop a root-removed splice grafting system for cucurbitaceous vegetables, mainly watermelon and cucumber seedlings, for the seedlings factories where currently most of seedlings grafting works are carried out by manual works. The major results of the study are as follows. The dimensions of rootstocks and scions, except cotyledon width, of root- removed splice grafting of watermelon and cucumber were shown to be varied within the 2.5-fold range. The growth status of seedlings were not consistent in terms of cotyledon sprouting direction and angle which were considered as one of the important factors for in root-removed splice grafting. The grafting work of root-removed splice for grafted watermelon and cucumber could be divided by four sub-operations: seedling supplying, cutting, clipping and potting, while a part or all root of the rootstock was removed in the seedlings supplying operation. The cutting angles of the rootstock and scion were $34-45^{\circ}$ and $20-45^{\circ}$, respectively, while the stem length of the scion varied from 6 mm to 12 mm. The splices of rootstock and scion were heaped up in parallel and then fixed by a clip. It indicated that the ideal grafting system, adopting conventional grafting processes of seedlings specifications as well as conventionally manual root-removed splice grafting method, performed very well for seedlings gripping and transporting, supplying clip, clipping and discharging grafted seedlings while workers supplied seedlings to the semi-automatical system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 1992

Self-and reciprocal-graftings were made between soybean varieties(cv.Hwangkeumkong, Paldalkong, Bokwangkong and Jangkyongkong) to assertain the relative role of shoot and root in soybean growth and yield determination. The influence of grafting per se on plant height and leaf number on main stem were negligible as evidenced by the insignificant differences between self-and reciprocal-graftings. The effect of grafting on flowering was different between different set of varieties grafted reciprocally. Self grafting delayed flowering 2 days and reciprocal grafting delayed another 2 days, in general. The effects of grafting on dry weights of different plant parts except pod were also insignificant. Reciprocal grafting increased pod dry weight in Hwangkeumkong and Paldalkong regardless whether they were used as scion or stock. Reciporcal grafting also influenced dry weights of Bokwangkong and Jangkyongkong significantly, but the response was different from those of Hwangkeumkong or Paldalkong. Jangkyongkong, when used as stock, decreased total dry weight of Bokwangkong significantly through the reduction of pod and stem dry weights. Stem diameter was increased by grafting, however, grafting decreased number of branches in all varieties. The average yields of self-and reciprocal-grafting were decreased by 11% and 24%, respectively, comparing to that of non-grafting, while average yield of reciprocal grafting was 14% lower than that of self grafting. Stem weight of grafted soybeans was decreased by 29-32% comparing to that of non-grafted soybeans, but the difference between self and reciprocal graftings was negligible. The genetic characteristics of scion was found to be more important than those of stock in determination of yield and stem weight. It was also indicated that varieties and characteristics are different in response to grafting.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1993

To increase the moisture content and thereby to reduce the static charge of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), thin layer surface photografting of acylamide (AAm) onto PAN fabrics by using benzophenone as a initiator with a mixtured solvent was carried. The effects of reaction conditions such as monomer, initiator concentrations, UV irradiation time and immersion time of fabrics on grafting were investigated. The percent grafting slightly increased with increasing monomer concentration, benzophenone concentration up to limiting value and thereafter decreased or level offed. The percent grafting was significantly increased with increasing irradiation and immersion times. The moisture regain increased with increasing the percent grafting. The static charge decreased with increasing the percent grafting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.859-866
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• 1993

With the object of doing mechanical grafting of cucurbitaceous vegetables, the grafting robot was developed in 1989. This robot consists of the following components : feeding wheels, grippers, conveying wheels, cutters , fixing clipper, discharger , controller and power supply. One cycle time to produce a grafted plant is about 3 seconds, Results of some cucumber grafting tests : successful grafting rate of 98 percent and after acclimation, a successful agglutination rate of 95 percent. These techniques are now transferring to the private company. The commercial robot will come into the market in this year.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2001

An algorithm for generating all hexahedral meshes for three dimensional objects has been presented. This algorithm is based on the sweeping and the grafting method. In sweeping process internal nodes generating method has been modified by employing the distances between nodes on connecting surfaces and on source surfaces. In addition to the sweeping processes grafting algorithm is also modified to obtain more effective meshes by refining elements near grafting surfaces. With this method two and a half dimensional hexahedral meshes for three dimensional objects can be generated effectively. Sample meshes are constructed to demonstrate the mesh generating capability of the proposed algorithm.