• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.411-422
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the difference of emergency care conditions where the nurse is posted in the 119 relief squard or not. The data composed a total of 777 cases of emergency activity of one police stand in Seoul during March, June. September and December in 1998. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The age of the subjects was 20-60 age 54.3%, over 60 age 35.4% with an average age of 50.2. Among them men were 55.0%, the unemployed were 60.8%. The place of the occurrence of an accident was the house, 49.7% and the cause as illness was 59.6%. 2. The main symtom was pain the 36.2% the main consciousness state was alert 76.9%: The state of the patients as chronic was 59.6%. 3. The consulting hospital of the 119 relief squad as a third medical center was 79.9%. The distance to the medical center as less than 5 km was 77.2%, and an average transfer distance was 5.38 km. The cases of doctor guided emergency care was 0.9%, the cases that had posted nurses in 119 relief squads was 48.6%. 4. The case of the best emergency care operation was difficulty in breathing, 62.1% and the second was unconsciousness, 46.1 %. The more serious the consciousness state, the higher the rate of emergency care operation. There wasn't any difference in emergency care operation concerning transfer distance. 5. The cases that had the posted nurses was 19.1%, the cases of no nurse was 11.7% among the cases of emergency care operation during transfering; the cases that had posted nurses had the higher emergency care operation. (p<0.05). Airway maintenance was 14.8% in cases that had the posted nurses, while in the cases of no nurse, 10.9%; and oxygen inspiration was 16.0% in cases that had the posted nurses while in the cases of no nurse 7.6% (p<0.01); spinal fixation was 6.6% in cases that had the posted nurses while in the cases of no nurse 4.6%(p<0.05). With these results, we can conclude that the cases that had the posted nurse showed higher emergency care operation.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.88
• /
• pp.489-498
• /
• 2005

Recently, the deterioration of concrete structures have been increased by the damage from salt, carbonization, freezing & thawing and the others. Therefore, the measures for the deterioration of concretes have been taken. Among them, it has been often used that surface treatment which cut off the deterioration factors of durability by protecting the surface of concrete. The water proof and repair materials for concrete mainly use organic materials such as epoxy, these materials excel in intial bonding force and resistance to chemical agents. But they cause difference in the modulus of elasticity and the rate of shrinkage and expansion of concrete, and thus result in such problems as scaling and spatting in the progress of time. Therefore in this study it develop the performance Improving agent of concrete surface that can block a deterioration cause such as $CO_2$ gas, chloride ion and water from the outside and enhance waterproofing ability by reinforcing the concrete surface when applying it to concrete structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.438-444
• /
• 2002

Interactions between meat proteins and hydrocolloids in a model system may play an important role for the improvement of textural properties in low-fat sausage mixtures. The objective of this study was to determine gel properties as affected by the type and level of hydrocolloid, various pH values of meat protein-hydrocolloid mixture before cooking, and internal cooking temperatures. The desirable heat-induced gels (HIGs) were formed at least pH values above 6.0. The addition of konjac flour (KF), kappa-carrageenan (CN) and locust bean gum (LBG) to extracted salt soluble proteins (2%) improved the gel strength with increased levels (0.5∼1.5%) and HIGs containing CN had the highest (p<0.05) gel strength. The increase of cooking temperature increased gel strength, depending on pH and type of hydrocolloid. However, the minimun internal cooking temperature to make viscoelastic HIGs was 70$^{\circ}C$. These results indicated that desirable HIGs were manufactured with each hydrocolloid concentration of 1% and minimum cooking temperature of 70$^{\circ}C$ with pH values higher than 6.0.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.373-380
• /
• 2017

Operational errors caused by human factors, which is the major cause of marine accidents, include lack of knowledge, misunderstanding knowledge, and inadequate procedures. Recently, the type of propulsion mounted on KCG cutters has been diversified. In particular, the water jet propulsion unit, which was mainly installed in small boats, have been gradually expanded to medium and large size Coast Guard cutters, reaching 50% of the total. Axes types are divided into 2 to 4, and the bucket types are divided into Double Reverse Bucket(DRB) and Single Reverse Bucket(SRB); in these, the backward and steering control methods are completely different. Diversification of these operating systems can increase factors causing human error by the ships' operators. However, there is a lack of research on the maneuvering methods, considering the inherent active characteristics of each type of water jet. In this paper, we analyze the sideway method suitable for the condition of Coast Guard Exclusive wharf without assistance, based on the astern performance of each type. Then, a ship handling simulator was used for the experiment; they compared and verified through interviews of captains.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.285-290
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to develop labor-saving pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation through a single application of mixed formulation of an insecticide imidacloprid coated on a slow release urea. The release of both total nitrogen and imidacloprid into water was delayed with increasing adhesive.Imidacloprid was released out 95% within 24 hours, whereas total nitrogen released in mixed formulation until 40 days was released less extent by increasing adhesive. There was no difference between pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation and coated urea thereafter. The content of $NH_4-N$ in the soil treated with pesticide and urea seperating was higher until 10 days but gradually decreased compare to that of pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation or coated urea. The population density of nitrate reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in soil after treatment were lower in the pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation and coated urea than those of pesticide and urea separate treatment. The residue of imidacloprid in soil was slightly higher in the treatment of pesticide alone than the pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation and pesticide and urea seperating treatment. The population and control efficacy of small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, were not significance different among treatments.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.438-441
• /
• 1997

The relatedness of naturalized Bradyhizobium japonitum populations with soil physico-chemical characteristics as affected by paddy rice-upland soybean rotation cropping with conventional and none fertilization in Chilgog clay loam soils were determined as follows. The populations of B. japonicum in soils were increased from about $10^1$ in continuous paddy upto $10^1cells/g.soil$ only in one-year rotation of upland use with soybean cropping. Compared to the densities in plots of conventional fertilization, those in none fertilization were high ranging from 1.9 to 10 fold in 2-year upland use rotation and both in 3-year upland use rotation and 4-year upland use, respectively. The populations were positively correlated with soil organic matter $contents(r=0.83^*),\;Ca/K(r=0.74^*),\;and(Ca+Mg)/K(r=0.72^*)$ and were negatively correlated with soil $hardness(r=-0.73^*)$. And the soil populations increased by paddy-upland rotation resulted in superior symbiotic potentials to those in continuous paddy use in terms of nodule mass, nitrogenase activity, and soy-bean shoot dry weight.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.4349-4358
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to examine the relation between subjective oral hygiene status of the elderly and oral health impact profile and to present it as basic data for the improvement of quality of life and oral care. The study subjects were 231 elderly people aged 65 and over. This study measured the oral health behavior and subjective oral hygiene status based on cross analysis by calculating the median of OHIP-14 to divide the above-median group into a subgroup and the below-median group into a superordinate group. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to examine the effects on the oral health impact profile. The oral health impact profile according to oral health behaviors was not significant. The oral health impact profile based on the subjective oral hygiene states is currently affected by oral hygiene status, masticatory problems, toothache, xerostomia and halitosis. As a result of regression analysis to confirm the effect on the oral health impact profile, much experience of masticatory problems, toothache, xerostomia and gum diseases is the most influential. This shows that the subjective oral hygiene status is not healthy as the oral health impact profile is high. It is considered necessary to establish an oral health promotion program to improve the quality of life of the elderly and active oral care methods in the future.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2009

Portland cement production is under critical review due to high amount of $CO_2$ gas released to the atmosphere. Attempts to increase the utilization of fly ash, a by-products from thermal power plant to partially replace the cement in concrete are gathering momentum. But most of fly ash is currently dumped in landfills, thus creating a threat to the environment. Many researches on alkali-activated concrete that does not need the presence of cement as a binder have been carried out recently. Instead, the source of material such as fly ash, that are rich in Silicon(Si) and Aluminium(Al), are activated by alkaline liquids to produce the binder. Hence concrete with no cement is effective in the reduction of $CO_2$ gas. In this study, we investigated the influence of the compressive strength of mortar on alkaline activator and curing condition in order to develop cementless fly ash based alkali-activated concrete. In view of the results, we found out that it was possible for us to make alkali-activated mortar with 70MPa at the age of 28days by using alkaline activator manufactured as 1:1 the mass ratio of 9M NaOH and sodium silicate and applying the atmospheric curing after high temperature at $60^{\circ}C$ for 48hours.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.373-379
• /
• 1998

Fly ash application with a rate 0, 50, 100, $150Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in clay loam paddy, which had properties of pH 5.3 and low contents of silicate, gave a positively residual effects on the growth of rice crop subsequent to malting barley. The responses of rice yields to fly ash application were in the order of bituminous coal fly ash(BCFA) 100 > 150 > 50 > anthracite fly ash(AFA) 50 > 100 > none > AFA $150Mg\;ha^{-1}$. As a result, yields responses of milled rice were ranged from $6.2(50Mg\;ha^{-1}){\sim}14.4%(100Mg\;ha^{-1})$ by BCFA and from $-0.6(150Mg\;ha^{-1}){\sim}6.6%(50Mg\;ha^{-1})$ by AFA showing maximum yields of 5.084 and $4.738Mg\;ha^{-1}$ by the former and the latter, respectively. Rice plant showed lodging indices ranging from $20(50Mg\;ha^{-1}){\sim}40%(150Mg\;ha^{-1})$ by BCFA and from $1.3(150Mg\;ha^{-1}){\sim}15%(50Mg\;ha^{-1})$ by AFA at harvesting stage. In especial, soils applicated with BCFA contained a good fertility in terms of pH, available $P_2O_5$ and $SiO_2$, and exchangeable Ca and Mg etc. so that possibly harbored 3yr-residual effects of the fly ash on crop subsequent to this rice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 2010

Brown rice of Korea and China was irradiated at doses ranging from 0 to 15 kGy to verify the identification properties of viscosity measurement by determining the relationship between starch content and specific parameters. The starch contents of brown rice were 71.52 and 64.58% for rice of Korea and China, respectively. Additionally, a higher starch content was associated with a higher viscosity. The viscosity and the corresponding specific parameters decreased significantly as the irradiation dose increased, and these changes were influenced by the spindle speed (50, 150, 300 rpm), with a higher effect being observed at lower speeds. The determination coefficients ($R^2$) describing the relationship between irradiation dose and viscosity values ranged from 0.9423 to 0.9567 in Korean samples and from 0.9119 to 0.9387 in Chinese samples. The viscosity and the corresponding specific parameters enabled identification of the non-irradiated and irradiated brown rice from 30 unknown samples with an accuracy of 90%. Based on these findings, the viscosity and specific parameters can be applied as an additional tool for screening of irradiated brown rice.