• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.537-547
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• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to understand transcriptional changes in the genes involved in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways following castration of bulls. Methods: Twenty Korean bulls were weaned at average 3 months of age, and castrated at 6 months. Liver tissues were collected from bulls (n = 10) and steers (n = 10) of Korean cattle, and hepatic gene expression levels were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We examined hepatic transcription levels of genes encoding enzymes for irreversible reactions in both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis as well as genes encoding enzymes for the utilization of several glucogenic substrates. Correlations between hepatic gene expression and carcass characteristics were performed to understand their associations. Results: Castration increased the mRNA (3.6 fold; p<0.01) and protein levels (1.4 fold; p<0.05) of pyruvate carboxylase and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes (1.7 fold; p<0.05). Hepatic mRNA levels of genes encoding the glycolysis enzymes were not changed by castration. Castration increased mRNA levels of both lactate dehydrogenase A (1.5 fold; p<0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase B (2.2 fold; p<0.01) genes for lactate utilization. Castration increased mRNA levels of glycerol kinase (2.7 fold; p<0.05) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (1.5 fold; p<0.05) genes for glycerol utilization. Castration also increased mRNA levels of propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta (mitochondrial) (3.5 fold; p<0.01) and acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 3 (1.3 fold; p = 0.06) genes for propionate incorporation. Conclusion: Castration increases transcription levels of critical genes coding for enzymes involved in irreversible gluconeogenesis reactions from pyruvate to glucose and enzymes responsible for incorporation of glucogenic substrates including lactate, glycerol, and propionate. Hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression levels were associated with intramuscular fat deposition.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.915-921
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• 2015

Context: In the last half century, discovering, developing and introducing of clinical agents from marine sources have seen great successes, with examples including the anti-cancer compound trabectedin. However, with increasing need for new anticancer drugs, further exploration for novel compounds from marine organism sources is strongly justified. Objective: The major aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant potential of Sargassum tenerrimum J.Agardh (Sargassaceae) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: An ethanol extract of S. tenerrimum (EEST) from whole algae was used to evaluate cytotoxicity followed by in vivo assessment of toxicity, using biochemical parameters including hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes. Antioxidant properties were examined in animals bearing EAC treated with daily oral administration of 100-300 mg/kg extract suspension. Results: Antitumor effects of EEST in EAC bearing mice was observed with LD50 1815 mg/kg. Parameters like body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, tumor cell count, mean survival time and increase in life span in animals in the EAC bearing animals treated with EEST 300 mg/kg was comparable with control group. Significant differences were also seen with changes in total protein content, hepatic enzymes contents, MDA level, and free radical scavenging enzymes in untreated vs. EEST treated group animals. Conclusions: Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic enzymes in the EAC animal model treated with EEST exhibited similar effects as the positive control drug 5-flurouracil. S. tenerrimum extracts contain effective antioxidants with significant antitumor activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1986

The effect of imperatorin on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases (MF0) was investigated. On acute treatment, imperatorin (30 mg/kg, i.p) caused a significant reduction in activities of hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase, hexobarbital hydroxylase and aniline hydroxylase as well as cytochrome p0450 content in rats and mice. Kinetic studies on rat liver enzymes revealed that imperatorin appeared to be a competitive inhibitor of aminopyrine N-demethylase (Ki,0.007 mM), whereas a non-competitive inhibitor of hexobarbital hydroxylase (Ki, 0.0148 mM). Imperatorin also inhibited non-competitively aniline metabolism (Ki 0.2 mM). Imperatorin binds to phenobarbital-induced cytochrome p-450 to give a typical type 1 binding sepctrum (max. 388nm, min 422 nm). Multiple administrations of imperatorin (30 mg/kg. i. p. daily for 7 days) to mice shortended markedly the duration of hexobarbital narcosis and increased activities of hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase and hexobarbital hydroxylase and the level of cytochrome p-450 where as aniline hydroxylase activity was unaffected.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2011

The effect of diet supplementation of Antheraea pernyi (A. pernyi) silk fibroin on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense status in high fat-fed mice was investigated. The animals were given normal control diet (NC group), high fat diet (HF group), or high fat diet supplemented with A. pernyi silk fibroin powder (HFS group) for 7 weeks. After the experimental period, the HF group showed significant increase in body weight, plasma and hepatic total cholesterol levels, and hepatic triglyceride concentration, and decreased activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes relative to NC group. However, the HFS group exhibited marked reduction in body weight, plasma cholesterol and hepatic triglyceride levels, hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation rate, and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level, fecal triglyceride content, and antioxidant enzymes activities compared with that of HF group. These findings demonstrate that dietary feeding of A. pernyi silk fibroin could improve the lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system via regulation of hepatic antioxidant and lipogenic enzymes activities. Hence, this silk fibroin may be beneficial as a functional biomaterial for the development of therapeutic agent against high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and its related diseases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2008

Oxidative stress may represent a common link between chronic liver damage and hepatic fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated activity changes of sphingomyelin catabolic enzymes, such as sphingomyelinases and ceramidases by using dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-treated Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats hepatic fibrosis model as a hepatic fibrosis model. Twenty rats divided into five groups received: (1) saline; (2) DMN for 1 week, (3) DMN for 2 weeks, (4) DMN for 3 weeks, and (5) DMN for 4 weeks by intraperitoneally 10 mg/kg of body weight for three consecutive days a week. Activities of acidic and neutral sphingomyelinases and acidic, neutral and alkaline ceramidases were measured in the liver and kidney from DMN-treated rats. We found increased ceramidase activities from 2-week and/or 3-week DMN treated rat livers compared to control rat liver. Acidic sphingomyelinase and alkaline ceramidase activities were significantly increased in 3-week DMN-treated rat kidneys compared to control rat kidney. Therefore, sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes and sphingolipid metabolites are supposed to be involved in liver fibrosis, although further investigation is necessary to elucidate meanings of sphingolipids during the liver fibrosis

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2008

In the present study, we investigated activity change of sphingomyelin anabolic enzymes such as sphingomyelin synthase and ceramide synthase. Sprague-Dawley male rats treated with 10 mg/kg of DMN intraperitoneally were used as a hepatic fibrosis model. Sphingomyelin synthase and ceramide synthase activities were measured in 1-week, 2-week, 3-week and 4-week DMN-treated rats along with respective control group rats. We found the increased sphingomyelin synthase activity in 4-week DMN-treated liver but not in kidney. Ceramide synthase activity was significantly increased in DMN-treated kidney after 2-week treatment and in DMN-treated liver after 3-week treatment. Although further investigation is necessary to elucidate meanings of sphingolipid metabolites during the liver fibrosis, activity change of sphingolipid anabolic enzymes may imply that sphingolipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolites could be involved in liver fibrosis especially under oxidative stress.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2012

Hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract and alisol B 23-acetate of Alisma orientale were studied in acetaminophen (APAP)-treated rats. APAP increased hepatic content of lipid peroxide, which was suppressed by methanol extract and alisol B 23-acetate. The liver of rats treated with APAP had higher P-450, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities than those of normal control rats. The increases in hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes by the i.p. injection of APAP were significantly alleviated by the administration of methanol extract or alisol B 23-acetate. The injection of APAP also resulted in a substantial reduction of hepatic glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase activity, and the decreases were partially, but significantly, restrained by the oral administration of methanol extract prior to the i.p. injection of APAP. Hepatic activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and ${\gamma}$-glutamylcystein synthetase ${\gamma}$-GCS) were also decreased significantly in APAP-treated rats. The decreases in hepatic GR and ${\gamma}$-GCS activities by APAP injection were improved partially, but significantly, with administration of methanol extract of A. orientale. Treatment with alisol B 23-acetate also improved the hepatic ${\gamma}$-GCS activity significantly, but not GR.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2006

The effects of formalin on mixed function oxygenase (MFO) system and stress-response were investigated in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Olive flounder was exposed to formalin at the concentration of 300 ppm for 1, 2, 4 and 16 h. Levels of stress-response enzymes together with total protein, glucose and osmolality were quantitatively determined in blood, and the activities of phase I (cytochrome P450, ethoxyresorufin deethylase) and phase II (glutathione S-transferase) hepatic enzymes were also determined. Since the formalin-exposure for 16 h resulted no significant changes in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, specific enzymes for liver damage, it was thought that it did not cause hepatic tissue damage at the concentration of 300 ppm. However, hepatic MFO system was induced at 1 to 4 h, and stress response was induced after 16 h of exposure. Moreover, it is considered that the depression of MFO activity after 16 h of exposure may not be adaptation to formalin, but toxic response. These results suggest that low concentration of formalin does not cause hepatic tissue damage of fish, but could induce MFO and stress response.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1219-1224
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the possibility of hepatotoxicity by supplemental foods or folk herbs such as Salvia Plebeia R. Br. Methods: A hospitalized male patient with alcoholic liver disease and electrolyte imbalance had recovered, and then followed by rapid hepatic serum enzymes after taking S. Plebeia. This study monitored the clinical outcome and biochemical parameters. Result: A 58-year male had drunk frequently, which led to alcoholic steatohepatitis and hospitalization. Two weeks after his discharge from hospital, he felt nausea, dizziness, and mild difficulties in speech and walking, resulting in re-hospitalization at the Korean Medical Hospital. The symptoms disappeared on correction of the electrolyte imbalance suspected to have been caused by severe sweating while working in the outdoors, and the patient was discharged. During treatment and monitoring of his health as an outpatient, the serum hepatic enzyme rapidly elevated approximately 10-fold in hepatic enzymes; the enzyme levels fluctuated according to whether or not he was taking the boiled water of S. Plebeia. The RUCAM score was 12, which met the criteria for toxic hepatitis by S. Plebeia. His general condition and abnormal hepatic enzymes recovered with cessation of S. Plebeia and administration of Chungganplus syrup (CGX). Conclusion: This study reports the hepatotoxic risk of Salvia Plebeia, which is commonly used as a folk remedy in Korea.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.384-391
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of swimming training and cholesterol diet on the activation of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and serum lipid in Sprague Dawley rats(24 weeks of age). They were divided into five groups which were made up of normal-diet detraining group(C), 2% cholesterol-diet detraining group(CC), 2% cholesterol-diet swimming training groups which were classified according to their training time(CSA: 12min, CSB:8min, CSC:4min). They were given normal diet for the first 6weeks and then, separated normal-dietary and 2% cholesterol-dietary for 14 weeks. During these periods, 10 weeks’ swimming training was performed after 4 weeks later. And then we analyzed blood and liver by decapitating those rats. Swimming training showed a tendency to increase the activation of GSH-peroxidase, Nonprotein-SH and malondialdehyde, and decrease total- cholesterol, LSL-C/HDL-C and VLDL significantly. Whereas, cholesterol diet which has no training showed decrease the activation of hepatic antioxodant enzymes, and increase total-cholesterol and LDL-C/HDL-C absolutely. These results suggest that swimming training should stimulate the activation of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and decrease total-cholestrol even if they had cholesterol diet.