• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1997

To evaluate the effect of bromobenzene pretreatment on the bromobenzene metabolism, the animal group was induced the stage of slight liver damage with 7 times bromobenzene injection every two days (400 mg/kg body wt. i.p.). In the present experimental animal model, the single dose of bromobenzene(400 mg/kg body wt. i.p.) was injected to the bromobenzene-pretreated rats and the hepatic aniline hydroxylase(AH) activity, glutathione(GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were determined at the intervals of 2, 4, 8, 24 hours throughout 24 hr. The activities of hepatic AH and GST were generally higher in bromobenzene-pretreated rats than those in normal group throughout the whole course of experiment. Furthermore, the decreasing rate of hepatic GSH content was also higher in bromobenzene pretreated rats than in normal rats. Moreover, the value of V$_{max}$ in hepatic GST was higher in bromobenzene pretreated rats than that in the normal rats. In conclusion, these results indicate that the pretreatment of bromobenzene may rather enhance the bromobenzene metabolism.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.276-284
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• 2010

The effects of different dietary fatty acids on the hepatic glutathione S-transferase(GST-P) positive foci and glutathione related enzyme system were investigated in carcinogen treated rats. Weaning male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed the diets of 15% corn(CO), perilla(PO), and sardine oil(SO), respectively. Hepatocellular carcinogenesis was initiated with diethylnitrosamine(DEN) and then fed the diet containing 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) followed by 0.05% phenobarbital for 10 weeks. The hepatic tissues were homogenized and centrifugated to prepare microsomal and cytosolic fractions. The enzyme activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) were determined from cytosolic fractions. The number of GST-P hyperplastic nodules was the highest in corn oil group at 6th week, the early stage of hyperplastic nodule formation. GST activities were increased significantly by carcinogens in all dietary groups after 6th wk. GR activities followed the same trend as GST activities. GPx activities were decreased by carcinogens in all dietary groups at 10th week. In this experiment, corn oil diet may have promotive effect on hyperplastic nodule formation during the early promotional stages of chemical carcinogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.581-586
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• 1994

The study was initiated elucidate the mechanism by examining the effect of GE-132 on hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. Activity of GST increased with dose-dependent manner in hepatic cytosolic fraction of GE-132 treatment rats. Double reciprocal plotting gave Vmax value 1.4 fold increase by the treatment of GE-132(100mg/kg, p.o.for 6 weeks) compared with control group, but did not change Km value. Ethacryinc acid (85mg/kg, once a day, i.p) was injected to control rat, the GST activity decreased remarkably . However, GE-132 pretreated group, the effect caused by ethacrynic acid was markedly reduced. And activity of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcys- teine synthetase was not changed either by GE-132 treatment , but the activity of glutathione reudctase increased significantly. Decreasing properties of ethacrynic acid decreased level of hepatic glutathione , which was restored to same degree by GE -132 pretreatment . GE-132 protective effect on ethacrynic acid-induced mortality. It is concluded that the efect of GE-132 is partly mediated by increase in hepatic GST activity.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2002

Objectives: In traditional medicine, Wolgukwhan has been used for the treatment of digestive system disease, such as indigestion, brash, ructation, nausea and vomiting. This study was purposed to investigate the effects of Wolgukwhan methnol extract (WGWM) on oxidative liver cell injury. Methods: In vivo assay, we administerated acetaminophen(500mg/kg, i.p.) to starved mice 24hrs after pretreatment of WGWM for 6days. In the liver homogenates, lipid peroxide and glutathione(GSH) levels were measured. In addition, activities of hepatic enzyme, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase(GPX), glutathione S-transferase(GST) were measured in the hepatic mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. Results: In vivo administeration of WGWM showed effective inhibition of acetaminophen induced lipid peroxidation and elevations of glutathione level. The acetaminophen treatment resulted in a decrease of catalase, GPX and GST activities. By contrast, WGWM pretreatment increased compare to those of untreated groups. Conclusions: These results suggested that WGWM might protect against lipid peroxidation by free radicals, destruction of hepatic cell membranes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2000

Inhibitory effects of the methanol extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble fraction (MSF) and juice from 3 weeks fermented Kimchi on the tumor formation in sarcoma-180 cell transplanted mice were studied. Effects of the solvent extracts and juice of the Kimchi on the levels of lipid peroxide, glutathione, and the enzyme activities of the liver were also investigated in normal and sarcoma-180 cell transplanted mice. At 32 days following trans-plantation, MSF reduced the tumor formation by 54% compared with the control group, resulting in the smallest tumor weight. Lipid peroxided content in liver increased by the transplantation of sarcoma-180 cells. However, it decreased when MSF of Kimchi was treated to the mice. MSF also suppressed xanthine oxidase activity in cytosol of the liver cells in mice transplanted by sarcoma-180 cells. Kimchi extracts had no inhibitory effect on hepatic aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity in sarcoma-180 cell transplanted or normal mice. Methanol extract and hexane extract of Kimchi slightly increased hepatic glutathione contents in sarcoma-180 treated mice. The injection of MSF from Kimchi markedly increased glutathione levels in the liver of sarcoma-180 treated mice. The injection of MSF from Kimchi markedly increased glutathione levels in the liver of sarcoma-180 treated mice compared to the controls. The MSF recovered the activities of hepatic glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase that decreased by the injection of sarcoma-180 cells. These results showed that MSF of Kimchi could suppress the growth of tumors, inhibiting lipid peroxide production and xanthine oxidase activity, in mice. We also suggested that Kimchi extract might play an important role in the prevention of cancer by enhancement of the glutathione level itself as well as via glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.750-756
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• 1994

The effect of onion juice on ethanol -induced lipid peroxidation were studied were studied in rats. The contents of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) -reactants increased significantly in liver thanol(4ml/kg/day) administered -rats. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase increased by ethanol administration compared with control group, but alterations of antioxidant enzymes activities in liver of ethanol administered rats were not significant vs control group. The glutathione contents in liver decreased by ethanol , whereas the glutathione level increased in ethanol and onion juice group compared with ethanol group. The contents of hepatic TBA-reactants and serum aminotrasnferase activity in ethanol group were reduced by onion juice administration. In these results, increased hepatic TBA-reactants of liver in ethanol group might be due to decreased glutathione contents in liver. Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays an important roles in the liver in several detoxification and the reduction of lipid peroxides. So the protective effects of onion juice on ethanol-induced increment of TBA-reactants may be due to the increament of lgutathions content. The glutathione depletion by ethanol was an important factor of ethanol-induced cell damage, and the prevention of onion juice to the glutathione depletion reduced by ethanol may be an important factor on the protection from ethanol-induced lipid perpxidation in rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 1985

It was attempted to observe the effect of garlic on the hepatic glutathione s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activity in this study. Glutathione s-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) are thought to play a physiological role in initiating the detoxication of potential alkylating agents, inclnding pharmacologically active compounds. Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1. 11. 1. 9) might play an important role in the protection of cellular structures against oxidative challenge. The activities of glutathione s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase in rat liver were increased by the treatment of garlic juice. Allicin fraction, heat-treated allicin fraction and garlic butanol fraction markedly inhibited glutathione s-transferase activity in vitro, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly increased in heat-treated allicin fraction and garlic butanol fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.678-684
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• 1993

To evaluate the role of xanthine oxidase in liver damage by CCl4, a group of rats were fed tungstate for a month, which suppressed the activities of xanthine oxidase in serum and liver. Control group of rats were fed standard diet without tungstate. Liver damage was induced both in tungstate fed and control groups by two intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 at the level of 0.1ml/100g body weight at intervals of 24 hours. Increases in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase by CCl4 were significantly smaller in tungstate fed rats than in control rats. Concomitantly, histopathologic changes were less in tungstate fed rats than in control ones. In rats either treated with CCl4 or not, hepatic type O xanthine oxidase activities were remarkably reduced by tungstate feeding. Hepatic aniline hydroxylase activities were higher in rats fed tungstate than control rats when animals were not treated with CCl4, but the enzyme activities were lower in tungstate fed rats than control when they were treated with CCl4. Neither tungstate feeding nor CCl4 treatment caused any significant changes in hepatic glutathione contents, and activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. It is concluded xanthine oxidase reaction augment CCl4 induced liver damage via oxygen free radical system.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 1995

To investigate an effect of ethanol pretreatment on the bromobenzene metabolism, the brornobenzene (400 mg/kg body wt. i. p.) was given 3 times at intervals of one day to the male rats orally pretreated with 5% ethanol throughout 2 months. In the ethanol pretreated rats, liver injuries were not demonstrated on the basis of the liver weight per body weight, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and histopathologic findings. By the bromobenzene treatment, ethanol pretreated rats showed the more decreased levels of serum ALT and liver weight/body weight(%), and decreased degree of liver damage on histopathological observation than the control group. The ethanol pretreated rats showed the more increased activities of hepatic aniline hydroxylase, glutathione Stransf erase (GST) and the more decreased contents of glutathione than the control. Concomitantly the ethanol pretreated rats showed the more decreased contents of hepatic glutathione and increased activities of GST by the bromobenzene treatment. Above results indicate that ethanol pretreatment enhance the metabolizing ability of bromobenzene in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 1993

To evaluate an effect of dietary protein on the intoxication of methanethiol in rats, the methanethiol was intraperitoneally injected to the rats fed a low or high protein diet and then the liver weight per body weight and seurm levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined to investigate the differences in liver damage between the animal groups fed low protein diet and that fed high protein diet. On the other hand, the hepatic glutathione content and its conjugating enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were determined to clarify the cause of difference in liver function between the two groups. The increasing rate of liver weigh/body wt., serum levels of ALT to its control group were higher in methanethiol-treated rats fed low protein diet than those fed high protein diet. The hepatic content of glutathione and GST activity were higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet and the decreasing rate of hepatic glu-tathione content to its control group was higher in rats fed low protein diet than those fed high protein diet. Furthermore, the hepatic GST activity in methanethiol-treated rats was higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. In case of control group, the GST activity was also higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet.