• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.977-982
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• 2007

For the development of novel hepatoprotective agents, C2, C3, C23 and C28 functional groups on asiatic acid were modified, and the prepared compounds were evaluated for their hepatoprotective effects. Among the prepared compounds, 9, 13 and 16 showed significant hepatoprotective activities against CCl4- and galactosamine (GaIN)-induced hepatotoxicity. Especially, compound 9 showed the most significant hepatoprotective effects against GaIN-induced hepatotoxicity (66.4% protection at 50 μM) and moderate hepatoprotective activities against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity (20.7% protection at 50 μM).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.59-63
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• 1996

In present study, we fractionated polysaccharides from Croton tiglium and investigated their hepatoprotective effects on CCl$_4$ intoxication. Polysaccharide fraction of which molecular weight is over 300,000 (HP) showed the most potent hepatoprotective effects on CCl$_4$ intoxication. Lipid peroxidation, sAST and sALT were used as parameters to evaluate the liver damage. Glucose, xylose and arabinose were found to be monosaccharides composing sugar moiety of HP.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2003

The hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of leaves of Caesalpinia bonducella was studied by means of paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. The degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum transaminase (SGPT and SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and total protein. Further, the effects of the extract on lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were estimated. The methanol extract of C. bonducella (MECB) (50,100 and 200 mg/kg) produced significant (P<0.01) hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin, and lipid peroxidation, while it significantly increased increased the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, and protein in a dose dependent manner. The effects of MECB were comparable to that of standard drug Silymarin. However, at a lower dose (25 mg/kg) it could not restore the deleterious effect produced by paracetamol. The results indicate that Caesalpinia bonducella had antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.324-326
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• 2003

The methanol (MeOH) extract and ist fractions of Taraxacum mongolicum (Compositae) were examined for their scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2- phenylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals, and hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2 cells. Both methylene chloride $(CH_2Cl_2)$ and butanol (n-BuOH) soluble fractions of the MeOH extract showed the free radicals scavenging and hepatoprotective effects. From these results, it is suggested that hepatoprotective effect of these fractions partly relies on their free radical scavenging activity.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

Korean traditional medicine has been used for the treatment of the various diseases based on both oriental medicinal theory and clinical trials. Thus, the prescriptions of Korean traditional medicine would be useful for the development of new therapeutics. This research focuses on the fundamental study in Korean traditional prescriptions for the development of new hepatoprotective agents. We found two prescriptions. Injinho-Tang and Osumogwa-Tang, showed the significant DPPH free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective effect, respectively. It is well-known that free radical scavenging effect is related to the prevention of various pathological events including liver injury. This paper deals with hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, free radicals scavenging on both DPPH and superoxide of above two prescriptions. Hot water extract of Injinho-Tang did not show the significant hepatoprotective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, it shows the significant scavenging effects for both DPPH and superoxide radicals. On the other hand, all of the hot water extracts of constituent herbal drugs in Injinho-Tang exhibited the promising protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Of these, water extract of Rhei Rhizoma showed the most prominent effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Rhei Rhizoma extract has furnished four compounds, and their chemical structures have been identified by comparison of their spectral data with those of literature as chrysophanol (1), emodin (2), 3,5-dihydroxy-4'- methoxystilbene (3), and rhapontigenin (4), respectively. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2-4 revealed the significant hepatoprotective effect in vitro when their $EC_{50}$ values compare with that of silybin, as a positive control. It also exhibited that emodin possessed the most hepatoprotective effect among these active compounds. In case of Osumogwa-Tang, its hot water extract showed the moderate protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Hot water extract of Chaenomelis Fructus, one of the constituent herbal drug of this prescription, exhibited the significant hepatoprotective effect with $EC_{50}$ value of $7.8{\pm}0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$, however, it showed strong cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells above the concentration of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. It was revealed that both hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus and its butanol soluble fraction showed the moderate hepatoprotective effect but concentration-dependent activity in Hep G2 assay system. Two quinolone alkaloids, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine, also tested for their hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, these two compounds derived from the Evodiae Fructus as the major constituents did not show in vitro hepatoprotective effect. From these results, it would be necessary to further isolation of its hepatoprotective compounds from the butanol soluble fraction of the hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective effects of chalcone derivatives were evaluated in D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GaIN/LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mouse. Thirteen chalcone derivatives were synthesized for study and their hepatoprotective effects were evaluated by assessing aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in serum. Chalcone preparations were injected into mice at 12 hand 1 h before intraperitoneal injection of D-GaIN/LPS. After abdominal administration, changes in AST and ALT between the control and treated groups were observed. Ten of the synthesized chalcone derivatives exhibited inhibitory effects on D-GaIN/LPS-induced levels of AST and ALT in mice. Compounds 2, 3, 8, 9, and 12 markedly reduced serum AST and ALT at 8 h, inhibited hepatocyte necrosis and showed significant hepatoprotective activities. The activity of compound 3 was compared with the bifendate (DDB) through oral administration. Compound 3 showed much higher inhibitory effects than bifendate for decreasing AST and ALT activity. The results indicate that compound 3 has strong hepatoprotective activity through suppression of tumor necrosis factor­alpha (TNF-alpha) preduction, reduction of the histological change in the liver, and attenuated of hepatocyte apoptosis confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.970-976
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• 2007

For the development of novel hepatoprotective agents, C11, C28, C2,3,23 or C2,23,28 functional groups on asiatic acid were modified, and their hepatoprotective effects were evaluated. Most of the prepared compounds displayed potent hepatoprotective activities against CCl4- and galactosamine (GaIN)-induced hepatotoxicity. Especially, compounds 16 and 20 showed the most significant hepatoprotective effects against GaIN-induced hepatotoxicity (54.2% and 46.4% protection at 50 mM, respectively).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.258-265
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• 2006

Brassica rapa L. (Turnip) which is one of the specialized crops in Ganghwa island, has been used for diuretic, digestive, and curative for jaundice, etc. In this study, the anti oxidative effects and hepatoprotective effects of turnip in vitro and in vivo were investigated in order to evaluate the possibility as hepatoprotective agents. Ethanol extract of turnip potently showed the scavenging effect on DPPH and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. Oral administration of turnip extract to dgalactosamine-induced experimental liver injured rats was significantly reduced the serum AST, ALT and LDH enzyme activities. And the decrease of catalase and SOD activities in liver microsolmal cytosol was significantly improved by the treatment of turnip. Based on these findings, it is presumed that ethanol extract of turnip may have the hepatoprotective effect on d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity rat.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.98-106
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• 2010

Objective: To examine the in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Amomum xanthoides extract and its fractions. Methods: Methanol extract of Amomum xanthoides was fractionated into three fractions; petroleum ether fraction (PFAX), water fraction (WFAX) and ethyl acetate fraction (AFAX). The antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of these fractions were compared by in vitro experiments. Results: The total phenols content and DPPH (1 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was found significant in AFAX when compared with other fractions (PFAX, WFAX). AFAX significantly inhibited NO production by RAW 264.7 cells in LPS-activated condition. In Hep $G_2$ cells, AFAX markedly prevented the leakage of LDH and release of AST against CCl4 challenge. Conclusion: Amomum xanthoides and especially ethyl acetate fraction have potent antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.212.2-212.2
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• 2003

Primary cultured rat hepatocytes injured by carbon tetrachloride as a model to screen for hepatoprotective effect. Four flavonoid compounds showed anti-hepatotoxic effect by decrease GPT. LDH activity and MDA level. Also screen for hepatoprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptosis effects of baicalin and baicalein on chang cell treated with t-BHP. Mesured radical detoxifying enzyme, GST and antioxidant enzyme SOD, Catalase activity, GSH level and Cellular glutathion peroxidase activity. (omitted)