• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

This research overcomes limit of prevention of disasters connection manual that was stopping in existing administrative formality presentation, and allowed purpose in substantial prevention of disasters countermeasure presentation through powerful engineering access. Did operation plan manual Tuesday in contiguity crossing that can reduce confusion by vehicleses that detour by contiguity IC of disaster point to do unusualness ashes in freeway section for this and solve jam-up phenomenon that occur by processing way insufficiency for roundabout way vehicles when happen. Metropolitan areas to target type classification in the highway along the highway adjacent to the intersection at Main Line Blocking optimum operating point analysis and an analysis of countermeasures in case of disaster, the lower the road entering the highway depending on the type of operating at the intersection were different. Depending on the results of analysis, while each point of a disaster, according to the characteristics of geometric conditions, traffic conditions, identify and determine the operating room and the adjacent intersection of media, and building systems to promote the driver if the quick initial response from the impending disaster situations and the safety of drivers can be considered secure.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.217-231
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• 2009

In order to manage traffic operations efficiently, it is required to establish evacuation strategies, including path, disaster prevention, and signal control. This is because the delayed response of operators would cause dreadful loss of our community. Therefore, it is very important to do the research related to traffic disaster prevention system. In this paper, we select the City of Cheongju as a study area since lots of damage resulting from natural disaster such as storm and flood have been frequently taken place. In addition, this paper suggest traffic disaster prevention measures and analyzed its effect on signal operation to achieve high level of traffic efficiency. As a result, traffic flow is similar to normal condition when we applied developed signal operation method. It is also demonstrated if disaster information is spread out as fast as it can be, and signal operation is managed properly in case by case, we conclude that user safety has to be secured.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

This study attempted to develop and suggest a more appropriate method for the determination of event mean concentration (EMC) and pollutant removal efficiency of a stormwater best management practice (BMP) considering rainfall. The stormwater runoff and hydrologic data gathered from 22 storm events during a 28-month monitoring period on a swirl and filtration type of BMP were used to evaluate the developed methods. Based on the findings, the modified EMC method resulted in lower (average) values than the overall EMC, although the differences were not significant (P>0.05). By comparison, the developed 'Rainfall Occurrence Ratio' (ROR) method was most significantly correlated (r=0.967 to 988, P<0.009) with the other existing removal efficiency determination methods such as the 'Efficiency Ratio' (ER), 'Summation of Loads' (SOL) and 'Regression of Loads' (ROL) methods. In addition, the ROR method gave the highest efficiency values, with no significant differences with any of the pollutant parameters, unlike the other three methods. These results were obtained because the ROR method integrated both pollutant loading and rainfall, which are not considered by the other three methods. Therefore, this study proved the suitability of the modified EMC and ROR methods for application in other BMP monitoring studies.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.570-576
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• 2017

Trucks take up more portions than cars on highways. Due to this, road use relatively diminish and it serves locally as a threatening factor to nearby drivers. Baggage car accident has distinct characteristics so that it needs the application of different analysis opposed to ordinary accidents. Accident prediction model, one of accident analyses, is used to predict the numbers of accident in certain parts, establish traffic plans as well as accident prevention methods, and diagnose the danger of roads. Thus, this study aims to apply the accident rate of baggage car on highways and calculate the correction factor to be put in the accident prediction models. Accident data based on highway was collected and traffic amounts and accident documents between 2014 and 2016 were utilized. The author developed an accident prediction model based on numbers of annual accidents and set mean annual and daily traffic amounts. This study intends to identify the practical accident prediction model on highway and present an appropriate solution by comparing the prediction model in accords with the accident rate between baggage cars.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.631-640
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• 2004

This research was conducted to understand the magnitude and nature of the stormwater emissions with the goal of quantifying stormwater pollutant concentrations and mass emission rates of pollutants. Eight highway sites in Southern California area were monitored for three years with collecting of grab and flow-weighted composite samples, rainfall and runoff flow. Generally the EMCs cannot be determined by simple statistical averaging of measured pollutant concentrations because of random characteristics of runoff quality and quantity. Therefore, this manuscripts will show a new EMC determination method. The EMC ranges of 95% confidence intervals are 102.78-216.37mg/L for TSS, 104.53-251.79mg/L for COD, 5.42-10.58mg/L for oil & grease and 2.42-10.18mg/L for TKN. The ranges of washed-off mass loading are determined to $0.06g/m^2-17.27g/m^2$ for TSS and $0.1-3.23g/m^2$for COD.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.641-646
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• 2004

Vehicle emissions from highway landuse include different pollutants such as heavy metals, oil and grease and particulates from fuels, brake pad wear and tire wear. Since highways are impervious and have high pollutant mass emissions from vehicular activity, it is considered as stormwater intensive landuses. Therefore this research was performed to understand the magnitude of first flush and to suggest the criteria of first flush for storm runoff management in highways. The fractions of washed-off mass are very high in first 30% of runoff volume, which suggests a definition of first flush. The washed-off mass stabilizes after 30% of the runoff volume and it is apparent that treatment capacity in the early part of a storm is more valuable than treatment capacity in the later part of the storm. Using the criteria of "high" first flush and "medium" first flush, as 50% of the mass in the first 30% of the volume, and 30 to 50% in the first 30% volume, respectively, more than 30% of the storms showed high first flush. A "first flush friendly" best management practice(BMP), meaning a BMP that can treat a high percentage or all of the initial flow, would be advantageous up to 80% of the events.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2004

Litter wastes on highway runoff are gradually being considered one of the major pollutants of concern in protecting the integrity of receiving waters for beneficial use. The California State Water Resources Control Board has identified in their 303(d) list at least 36 water bodies where trash or litter is considered a pollutant of concern. The first TMDL adopted by the Region 4 (Los Angeles area) of the California State Water Quality Control Board was for trash in the Los Angeles River. The first flush characteristic study was developed to obtain first flush water quality and litter data from representative stormwater runoff from standard highway drainage outfalls in the Los Angeles area. Total captured gross pollutants in stormwater runoff were monitored at six Southern California highway sites over two years. The gross pollutants were 90% vegetation and 10% litter. Approximately 50% of the litter was composed of biodegradable materials. The event mean concentrations show an increasing trend with antecedent dry days and a decreasing trend with total runoff volume or total rainfall. Event mean concentrations were ranged 0.0021 to 0.259g/L for wet gross pollutants and 0.0001 to 0.027g/L for wet litters. The first flush phenomenon was evaluated and the impacts of various parameters such as rainfall intensity, drainage area, peak flow rate, and antecedent dry period on litter volume and loading rates were evaluated. First flush phenomenon was generally observed for litter concentrations, but was not apparent with litter mass loading rates. Litter volume and loading rates appear to be directly related to peak storm intensity, antecedent dry days and total flow volume.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.29-34
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• 2020

Reinforced earth retaining walls were developed in France in the 1970s and began to be applied in earnest to Korea in the 1990s. And now, about 1,300 reinforced soil retaining walls support the embankment of highways and bridge connections. The reinforced earth retaining wall construction technology has evolved day by day, and in recent years the reinforced earth retaining wall itself has been developed and introduced as a demonstration. However, various damages are constantly occurring in the reinforced earth retaining walls constructed throughout the highway. The cause of this was analyzed as minor defects in the design, construction, and maintenance stages. The solution for this is a change in perception of the importance of each individual process, but this does not form overnight. In this study, 30 years have passed since the introduction of the reinforced soil retaining wall on the highway, the damage cases were analyzed and categorized that have occurred in the reinforced soil retaining wall so far, and attempted to present a confrontation. As a result, the damage occurring on the reinforced soil retaining wall was divided into 10 types, and the causes and countermeasures in the design, construction, and maintenance stages for each were derived.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.419-425
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• 2021

This study analyzed the safety of evacuation according to the number of exits and the direction of evacuation routes with evacuation simulations of the Pathfinder in case of a fire at a highway service area. It was also analyzed of the difference in RSET by comparing the single or double types of the exit of a facility. The results were as follows. When only one direction exit was opened, all of the RSET were exceeded. When two or more different directions were opened according to the general principle of evacuation, all results met the RSET. The simulations showed that two or more different directions were more shortened in RSET than the one same direction. The result of the types of doors showed that the single type door was shortened in RSET rather than the double type doors. For the evacuation safety in a fire at the highway service areas, firstly, it is necessary to secure two or more exits in a fire at all times. Secondly, the exits should not be same directions. Finally, it is suggested that the exit should be installed with a single type of door.