• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1969

The effects of saponin and histamine solution on the division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared with the effects of ginseng on the division. 1. $10^{-2},\;10^{-3}%$ saponines were inhibitory on the division but $10^{-5}%$ saponin increased slightly the division, however its increasing rate was much less than that of ginseng. 2. 0.5% histamine was inhibitory on the division but $10^{-2}%$ histamine increased the division, however its increasing rate was higher than that of saponin and lower than that of ginseng. 3. Although some doses of saponin and histamine were inhibitory on the division, the increasing dose of saponin or histamine on the division could be recognized as shown in the case of the optimal dose of ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix on serum corticosterone and blood histamine content by immobilization stress in mice. Corticosterone secretion and blood histamine level was significantly increased in mice by subjecting the animals to immobilization stress 1 hr. after intraperitoneal injection of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract (150 mg/kg) and glycyrrhizinic and (15 mg/kg). whereas, administration of cortisol $(7.5\;{\mu}g/kg)$ provoked a decrease in corticosterone secretion and histamine levels. These results suggested that glycyrrhizinic acid was effective on cortiosterone release provoked by immobilization stress and this release was mediated in part by histamine.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2012

To learn the differences between the structure-activity relationship and molecular vibration-activity relationship in the ligand-receptor interaction of the histamine receptor, 47 ligands of the histamine receptor were analyzed by structural similarity and molecular vibrational frequency patterns. The radial tree that was produced by clustering analysis of molecular vibrational frequency patterns shows its potential for the functional classification of histamine receptor ligands.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 1982

Histamine has been known to be one of the causative materials of allergy-like food poisoning from the dark-fleshed fishes. In the early stage of spoilage, the dark-fleshed fishes have been known to be accumulated the level of 100mg/100g associated with outbreak of allergy-like poisoning. The present paper was conducted to elucidate the changes of histamine content in the canned boiled dark-fleshed fishes, such as common mackerel, Scomber japonicus, and sardine, Sardinops melanosticta, under different condition of processing and storage. Additionally, histamine content was determined in the canned boiled common mackerel, sardine and mackerel pike purchased from the supermarket. The results summarized are as follows : Changes of histamine content during storage of the canned fishes were nearly not found. The both factors of the storage time and temperature were not to the histamine content. Histamine was detected in concentrations of 7.24 to 14mg/100g in the canned sardine, 11.38 to 28. 8mg/100g in the common mackerel, and 13.88 to 21mg/100g in the canned mackerel pike purchased from the supermarket. The amount of histamine in the canned dark-fleshed fishes is less than that of inducing allergy-like food poisoning, and from the viewpoint of food hygiene these canned fishes are assessed to be safe.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Scombroid fish poisoning (SFP) is a form of histamine food poisoning caused by the ingestion of improperly stored fish. The term "scombroid" derives from the family name of the fish family first implicated, such as tuna and mackerel. On the other hand, non-scombroid fish species, such as sardine and herring, can also cause histamine poisoning. The histamine is converted from histidine by a bacterial enzyme in the causative fish. Because the symptoms of SFP can easily be confused with food allergies, it is believed to have been significantly under-reported. In 2016, an outbreak of SFP occurred among primary school students who had eaten yellowtail steak in Korea. The most common findings consisted of a rapid onset of flushing of the face and trunk, erythematous and urticarial rash, diarrhea, and headache occurring soon after consuming the spoiled fish. Usually, the course is self-limiting and antihistamines can be used successfully to relieve symptoms, but several life-threatening SFP cases have been reported. Clinical toxicologists should be familiar with SFP and have competency to make a differential diagnosis between fish allergy and histamine poisoning. SFP is a histamine-induced reaction caused by the ingestion of histamine-contaminated fish, whereas a fish allergy is an IgE-mediated reaction. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures of SFP.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.297.2-297.2
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• 2002

Previous report showed that histamine release by HCI was mediated via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in RBL 2H3 cells. To investigate action of protein kinase on histamine release and ROS generation. we observed effects of protein kinase inhibitors on histamine release and ROS generation in RBL 2H3 cells stimulated by HCI HCI dose-dependently increased both histamine release and ROS generation. HCI-induced histamine release was significantly inhibited by bisindolmaleimide (10 ${\mu}$M). DHC (10 ${\mu}$M). , and wortmannin (10 ${\mu}$M), but not by PD098059 (10 ${\mu}$M). ON the other hand. HCI-induced ROS generation was significantly inhibited by DHC (10 ${\mu}$M). but not by bisindolmaleimide(10 ${\mu}$M). wortmannin (10 ${\mu}$M). and PD098059 (10 ${\mu}$M). However KN-62 did not inhibited both. These results showed that involvement of protein kinase in regulation of histamine release and ROS generation may be different and only tyrosine kinase may be associated with regulation of both histamine release and ROS generation in RBL 2H3 cells.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2015

Background: Korean Red Ginseng-a steamed root of Panax ginseng Meyer-has long been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. Its antipruritic effect was recently found, but no molecular mechanisms were revealed. Thus, the current study focused on determining the underlying molecular mechanism of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) against histamine-induced itch at the peripheral sensory neuronal level. Methods: To examine the antipruritic effect of RGE, we performed in vivo scratching behavior test in mice, as well as in vitro calcium imaging and whole-cell patch clamp experiments to elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: The results of our in vivo study confirmed that RGE indeed has an antipruritic effect on histamine-induced scratching in mice. In addition, RGE showed a significant inhibitory effect on histamine-induced responses in primary cultures of mouse dorsal root ganglia, suggesting that RGE has a direct inhibitory effect on sensory neuronal level. Results of further experiments showed that RGE inhibits histamine-induced responses on cells expressing both histamine receptor subtype 1 and TRPV1 ion channel, indicating that RGE blocks the histamine receptor type 1/TRPV1 pathway in sensory neurons, which is responsible for histamine-dependent itch sensation. Conclusion: The current study found for the first time that RGE effectively blocks histamine-induced itch in peripheral sensory neurons. We believe that the current results will provide an insight on itch transmission and will be helpful in understanding how RGE exerts its antipruritic effects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.569-575
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• 2020

Crotamiton is an anti-scabies drug, but it was recently found that crotamiton also suppresses non-scabietic itching in mice. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. Therefore, aim of the study is to investigate mechanisms of the anti-pruritic effect of crotamiton for non-scabietic itching. Histamine and chloroquine are used as non-scabietic pruritogens. The effect of crotamiton was identified using fluorometric intracellular calcium assays in HEK293T cells and primary cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Further in vivo effect was evaluated by scratching behavior tests. Crotamiton strongly inhibited histamine-induced calcium influx in HEK293T cells, expressing both histamine receptor 1 (H1R) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), as a model of histamine-induced itching. Similarly, it also blocked chloroquine-induced calcium influx in HEK293T cells, expressing both Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor A3 (MRGPRA3) and transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1), as a model of histamine-independent itching. Furthermore, crotamiton also suppressed both histamine- and chloroquine-induced calcium influx in primary cultures of mouse DRG. Additionally, crotamiton strongly suppressed histamine- and chloroquine-induced scratching in mice. Overall, it was found that crotamiton has an anti-pruritic effect against non-scabietic itching by histamine and chloroquine. Therefore, crotamiton may be used as a general anti-pruritic agent, irrespective of the presence of scabies.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2013

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and histamine is known to regulate neuronal activity, control vascular tone, alter endothelial permeability, and modulate gastric acid secretion. However, the action mechanisms of histamine in mouse small intestinal ICCs have not been previously investigated, and thus, in the present study, we investigated the effects of histamine on mouse small intestinal ICCs, and sought to identify the receptors involved. Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from small intestines, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record potentials (in current clamp mode) from cultured ICCs. Histamine was found to depolarize resting membrane potentials concentration dependently, and whereas 2-PEA (a selective H1 receptor agonist) induced membrane depolarizations, Dimaprit (a selective H2-agonist), R-alpha-methylhistamine (R-alpha-MeHa; a selective H3-agonist), and 4-methylhistamine (4-MH; a selective H4-agonist) did not. Pretreatment with $Ca^{2+}$-free solution or thapsigargin (a $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum) abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials and suppressed histamine-induced membrane depolarization. Furthermore, treatments with U-73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor) or 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI; a phospholipase D inhibitor) blocked histamine-induced membrane depolarizations in ICCs. On the other hand, KT5720 (a protein kinase A inhibitor) did not block histamine-induced membrane depolarization. These results suggest that histamine modulates pacemaker potentials through H1 receptor-mediated pathways via external $Ca^{2+}$ influx and $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal stores in a PLC and PLD dependent manner.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.675-680
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• 2002

In order to investigate the underlying mechanism of HCI in oesophagitis, the inflammatory response to HCI was observed in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were used to measure histamine release, arachidonic acid (AA) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite generation induced by HCI. Exogenous HCl increased the level of histamine release and ROS generation in a dose dependent manner, whereas it decreased the spontaneous release of [$^3$H] M and the spontaneous production of peroxynitrite. Mepacrine (10 $\mu$M), oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (10 $\mu$M) and bromoenol lactone (10 $\mu$M) did not affect both the level of histamine release and ROS generation induced by HCI. U73122 (1 $\mu$M), a specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor did not have any influence on level of histamine release and ROS generation. Propranolol (200 $\mu$M), a phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor, and neomycin (1 mM), a nonspecific PLC and PLD inhibitor, significantly inhibited both histamine release and ROS generation. Diphenyleneiodonium (10 $\mu$M), a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and tiron (5 mM), an intracellular ROS scavenger significantly inhibited the HCI-induced histamine release and ROS generation. These findings suggest that the inflammatory responses to HCI is related to histamine release and ROS generation, and that the ROS generation by HCI may be involved in histamine release via the PLD pathway in RBL-2H3 cells.