• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.14-21
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• 1994

Low molecular weight molecules and high molecular weight substances were found to have anti-tumor and immuno-modulating activity. Previously polysaccharides have been received much attention because of adhesives, food additives or animal foods (Whistler et al., 1976). In effort of developing new anti-tumor substances with low toxicity, numerous polysaccharides from yeast, algae, bacteria, higher plants and especially fungi have been investigated for anti-tumor and immuno-modulating activities. Thus the high molecular weight molecule was reported to have anti-tumor activity through host mediated immunity. In this brief article, attention will be paid to polysaccharides which is especially fungal origin.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1999

Both ethanol and water extracts of unossified velvet antler were found to exhibit a significant immuno-stimulating activity as measured by carbon clearance test in mice, a remarkable anti-fatigue effect in weight-loaded forced swimming performance in mice, a significant anti-stress effect on immobilization in rats. The antler extracts also showed a weak but significant anti-thrombotic activity. These findings are indicative of adaptogenic properties of antlers and their normalizing effects during stressful condition.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.234-239
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• 2011

Glycycoumarin, a 3-arylcoumarine isolated from Glycyrrhizae radix (a family of Leguminosae), is reported to have anti-bacterial activity. However, its antifungal activity is still unknown. In this present study, the antifungal activity of glycycoumarin (GLM) against Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus was investigated. Possible mechanism such as blocking of the hyphal induction was also analyzed. By the in-vitro susceptibility analysis, GLM showed anticandidal activity, resulting in an almost complete inhibition of the fungal growth at a concentration of 320 ${\mu}g/ml$, which was equivalent to the efficacy of fluconazole at the same dose. In the murine model of disseminated candidiasis GLM enhanced resistance of mice against the disseminated disease (P<0.05), resulting in 60% protection of GLM-treated mice group during a period of 21-day observation. As for its mechanism of the antifungal activity, GLM blocked hyphal production, one of the important of virulence factors by the fungus, from the yeast form of C. albicans (P<0.01). These data indicate that GLM may contribute to the perspectives that focus on the development of a novel agent with antifungal activity specific for C. albicans infection.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.327-332
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the immuno-regulatory effect and apoptosis of L1210 and HL60 leukemia cells of methanol-extracts of Cornus kousa Burg(CKB). The proliferation of mouse splenocytes and thymocytes enhanced by the addition of $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ of CKB. CKB were administered p.o. once a day for 7 days in adult male BALB/c mice. CKB increased the splenic and thymic T lymphocytes, especially the number of $T_H$ cells markedly increased by the treatment of CKB. CKB treatment induced the apoptotic cell death in L1210 mouse leukemia and HL60 human leukemia cells. In addition, CKB also accelerated the phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages and increased the production of plaque forming cells. These results suggest that CKB have an various immuno-regulatory property.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Induction of effective and increased levels of antibody production may be major points in vaccine development. This is especially the case when the antigenic sources are carbohydrates. Thus, in our Lab various types of formulations such as liposomal and conjugate vaccines have been researched. However, the fastidious formulation process and high costs are a problem. For this reason, there is currently a focus on utilizing immunoadjuvants. In this present study, we tested whether ginsenosides Re (a panaxdiol) and Rg1 (a panaxtriol) from Panax ginseng have immunoadjuvant activity against the cell wall of Candida albicans (CACW). The resulting data showed that Rd and Rg1 caused LPS-treated B lymphocytes to be proliferative. Rd had greater proliferation activity than that of Rg1. In the murine model of antibody production, CACW combined with Rd [CACW/Rd/IFA] or Rg1 [CACW/Rg1/IFA] increased the production of antibodies specific to C. albicans when compared to the antibody production by [CACW/IFA]-induction, which was used as a negative control (P<0.05). In the case of [CFA/Rd/IFA], the antibody production was almost twice as that of the CFA. In addition, formulations containing either had a prolonged antibody inducing activity as compared to the CFA formula. In conclusion, Rd and Rg1 have an immunologic activity, and yet Rd can be a better candidate than Rg1 for a new immunoadjuvant.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2008

This study examined the chemical composition of A. blasiliensis and the chemical structural properties of an immuno-stimulating polysaccharide. The amino acids, free sugars, and organic acids by HPLC and fatty acids by GC were analyzed. The immuno-stimulating substance from A. blasiliensis was extracted with hot water and purified by ethanol precipitation. It underwent ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Toyopearl HW 65F. Through GP-HPLC, the substance was found to be homogeneous. Its chemical structure was determined by $^{13}C-NMR$. Fatty acids, organic acids, and sugar alcohol composition consisted exclusively of linoleic acid, fumaric acid and mannitol, respectively. The amino acids were mainly glutamic acid, glycine, and arginine. By $^{13}C-NMR$ analysis, the immuno-stimulating substance was identified as ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)\;(1{\rightarrow}6)$-glucan, composed of a backbone with $(1{\rightarrow}3)$-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues branching a $(1{\rightarrow}6)$-linked D-glucopyranosyl residue. The ${\beta}$-glucan from A. blasiliensis showed pronounced immuno-stimulating activity on the antibody-production ability of B-lymphocytes by the hemolytic suspension assay. In these results, A. blasiliensis was estimated to have potent pharmacological properties and potential nutritional values.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax, sessiliflorus SEEM extracts following gamma-ray irradiation on immuno-stimulating and anti-tumor activity in terms of proliferation of tumor cells, thymocytes, splenocytes, and NO production from peritoneal macrophages in mice. Methods: 10AS and 100 AS were the bark powders of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ stems which were exposed in 10 kGy or 100 kGy of electron beam respectively. Results : Treatment with either 10AS or 100AS increased proliferation rates of thymocytes and splenocytes significantly, and treatment with l0AS also decreased proliferation rates of tumor cells significantly. Treatment with either l0AS or l00AS promoted NO production from peritoneal macrophages significantly. Conclusion : These results suggested that AS has direct inhibition effect of tumor growth and immuno-stimulating activity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that AS could be used to treat cancer patient as complementary or alternative medicine to typical anti-cancer medication.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

Many reports indicate that $18{\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid ($18{\beta}$-GA) from Glycyrrhizae Radix has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities, whereas reports regarding anticancer activity of the compound are few. In present study, we investigated antitumor effect of $18{\beta}$-GA on tumor caused by A549 cancer cell in mice. Data resulting from the cytotoxicity assay showed that $18{\beta}$-GA caused killing of A549 cells. $LD_{50}$ values of $18{\beta}$-GA were app. 180 ${\mu}M$ and 80 ${\mu}M$, corresponding to 48 hr- and 72 hr-treatments, displaying that the killing activity was more effective as the $18{\beta}$-GA treatment was prolonged. Based on these data, antitumor effect of $18{\beta}$-GA was tested in nude mice. For induction of the tumor, A549 ($3{\times}10^6$ cells/mouse) was injected subcutaneously into the lateral abdomen of nude mice (Balb/c nu/nu). To determine the antitumor effect, nude mice with tumor were given $18{\beta}$-GA (1 mg/200 ${\mu}l$/mouse) intraperitoneally every three days for four times. Tumor-sizes were measured with a caliper for a period of 24 days. Results showed that the $18{\beta}$-GA treatment reduced the tumor-sizes (P<0.05) as compared with negative control nude mice that received diluent (DPBS). The reduction degree was greater than reduction degree by doxorubicin (60 ${\mu}g$/mouse), and the pattern of reduction was almost sustained during the entire period of the observation. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that $18{\beta}$-GA has antitumor activity to the A549 cancer cell-caused tumor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2015

To elucidate the immuno-stimulatory activity of traditional fermented vinegar, six kinds of crude polysaccharides were isolated from traditional fermented vinegars manufactured with different raw materials in domestic or foreign countries, after which their chemical properties and immuno-stimulatory activities were evaluated. Of the six samples, three kinds of crude polysaccharides prepared from Korean brown rice vinegar (KBV-0), Japanese brown rice vinegar (JBV-0), and Korean persimmon vinegar (KPV-0) showed higher yields and interleukin (IL)-6 production by macrophages and were thus selected for further study. Anti-complementary activities of KBV-0, KPV-0, and JBV-0 increased dose-dependently. KBV-0 and KPV-0 showed higher anti-complementary activities ($ITCH_{50}$ 62 and 65%) than JBV-0 at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. KBV-0, KPV-0, and JBV-0 did not affect growth of peritoneal macrophages at a dose of 1.6 to $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, where as they significantly augmented production of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in a dose-dependent manner. However, immuno-stimulatory activity of KPV-0 was the most potent among the tested polysaccharides. These results suggest that Korean fermented vinegars contain selected polysaccharides that confer immuno-stimulatory activities beneficial to human health.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.305.2-306
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• 2002

In recent studies on cefodizime, it may potentially have the capability of stimulating chemotactic activity of neutrophils and monocytes as well as the strong immuno-modulator. In turn, infection can result in a drastic change of mediators. which lead to initiate an immune response in an indirect way. With this backgrounds, we have studied to see if cefodizime can be a potential substance to induce an immunological function in dendritic cells and peritoneal macrophages. (omitted)