• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.75-106
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• 2015

The primary goal of this paper is to explore the microeconomic foundation of Korean firms' adoption of foreign technologies. The paper also reviews the overall trend of international technology transfers to Korea. The period covered in this paper is Korea's high growth era, from the 1960s to the 1990s. The works of this paper center on the two questions of what characterizes foreign technologies which had been imported through licensing contracts, and which driving forces expedite technology adoption by firms. The Korean experience provides the context of success in the catch-up growth. The co-movement of technology imports with capital goods imports manifests Korea's effort to improve the technical efficiency toward the world frontier. Underlying this trend are firms' decisions to adopt new technologies. The paper shows that firms respond proactively to wage increases by adopting newer technologies and thus, in turn, increasing employment, which implies the existence of a virtuous interactive mechanism among these factors.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.49-65
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• 2010

We have analyzed the trade effect of Korea-EU FTA on the Korean fishery sector, after reviewing the trade pattern and the tariff barriers of fishery sector between Korea-EU. For the trade effects, we have categorized into three cases: 1) the complete tariff elimination of all items, 2) the half tariff reduction on top ten valued items, with complete tariff elimination of other items, and 3) the complete tariff elimination, except unbinding top three valued items. The effect of the complete tariff elimination of all items implies the effect of the full achievement of FTA. For other two cases, these effects imply the effects of the transitional phenomenon of FTA since the complete tariff elimination happens gradually over more than ten years. For the complete elimination of tariff, we found that imports are increased by 1.1 billion dollars which is 12.9% increase in average imports during years 2006-2009. Also, exports are increased by 1.3 billion dollars which is 14.5% increase in average exports during same years.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2009

Hundreds of thousands of South Korean protesters staged candlelight vigils and demonstrations against US beef imports in 2008. The problems, however, went far beyond that of beef imports. The political party veterans, who lost the presidential election, exploited labor unions that were discontent with the economy and ideological student groups to weaken the majority party. In this study, an epidemiological model is constructed with a system of three nonlinear differential equations. The model seeks to examine the dynamics of the system through stability analysis. Two threshold conditions that spread the protests are identified and a sensitivity analysis on the conditions is performed to isolate the parameters to which the system is most responsive. The results are also explored by deterministic simulations. This model can be easily modified to apply to other protests that may occur in various circumstances.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

This study focuses on apparel production and consumption trends in major Asian economies in order to understand a paradigm change in the Asian fashion industry. A comparison of trade among ASEAN, NICs, and developed countries shows the changes that have occurred in terms of production and consumption of fashion products before and after 2000 in Korea, Hong Kong, and China. The flow of imports and exports in the apparel industry was analyzed using UN trade statistics data. The results found a change of industry structures in Asian NICs and ASEAN countries. Garment production bases have moved to lower cost regions like China and ASEAN; in addition, NICs sent a part of their export business in the fashion industry to ASEAN countries. The Asian fashion industry has transformed from a production base for developed countries into a consumption market with the emergence of newly industrializing economies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.44-51
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• 2019

This study analyzes the trade patterns that occur between Korea and ASEAN countries through air transport, one of Korea's trade transport methods. In order to understand the detailed characteristics of the air transport sector, the dependent variables were analyzed by dividing them into amount and weight. As a result, the amount of exports, imports, and trade was proportional to GDP per capita representing income level, and inversely proportional to GDP representing national economic power. In terms of air transport weight, exports, imports and trade were all proportional to GDP representing economic power and inversely proportional to GDP per capita representing income levels. In addition, the national area acted as a factor to reduce the trade volume, and the number of airports and inland countries did not show any significant results.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.34-45
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• 2019

Purpose - This study investigates the lead-lag relations between the prices of major commodities imported into Korea and corresponding shipping freight rates. This paper aims to provide implications for cross-market causal relations between related economic segments. Design/Methodology - For economic long-run equilibrium between commodity prices and freights, a Johansen (1988) cointegration test is employed first. Then, Granger (1987) causality tests are performed under the vector error correction model (VECM) framework. Findings - The results indicate that the direction of causality varies by raw materials, which is attributable to different economic mechanisms in the corresponding shipping transportation sectors. In addition, the significance of causality becomes blurred during the post-2008 period. Practical Implication - Corporate managers in commodity trading, steelmaking, power generation, and oil refinery sectors can take advantage of the findings in this study as identifying leading economic indicators can be helpful for decision making in both short- and long-term strategies. Originality/value - This study is the first attempt to analyze the inter-relations between commodity prices and corresponding freight rates focusing on raw material imports of Korea.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-88
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• 2019

Our paper contributes to existing literature by empirically investigate the trade structure and trade performance between Korea and ASEAN. Overall, trade activities between Korea and almost major ASEAN economies have significantly focused on capital goods, medium and high technology goods, while the remaining ASEAN countries' exports over Korea have been mainly primary and low technology goods. There has been a higher complementarity in between Korea's exports and ASEAN's imports compared with between ASEAN's exports and Korea's imports. Estimation results show that ASEAN's GDP and income have larger impacts than those of Korea on aggregate trade flows as well as sectoral level between two sides. Additionally, geographical conditions are critical factors impeding Korea-ASEAN trade. Meanwhile, other factors in the estimation model have mixed impacts on components of Korea-ASEAN trade structure. Finally, there is a significant room for Korea's trade expansion with ASEAN, particularly new and less developed members in future.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-103
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• 2010

Liberalization may be described as the opening up of the economy to the outside world by relaxing government trade and economic policy restrictions to allow imports. In Kenya, this took place in the early 1990s and it had negative and positive effects on businesses manufacturing and retailing clothing and textiles. This case study narrates what has happened over the last 20 years to businesses in Nairobi, Kenya dealing in clothing and textiles. Some of the original businesses have closed down and been replaced by new ones. More small scale Kenyan businesses have been started dealing in clothing imports from the East and West selling both new and second hand clothes. There has been increased employment in the small scale clothing and textiles sector in garment making and retailing. All in all, liberalization has forced large and medium scale textile manufacture to change strategy so that they target selling to the export market more than to the local market.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.225-238
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• 2021

This study analyzed the recent precedents of the Korean Supreme Court's Royalty and License fee on this issue and presented implications for future taxation of Royalty and License fee and digital content imports related to reproduction rights. If the price related to imported goods and the price not related to them are combined, it is necessary to revise the statutes to supplement the allocation method of royalty and license fee. In addition, if there is an agreement or a back contract for intellectual property rights through the headquarters or branch office other than the trading party, a method of inducing the importer to voluntarily report it when reporting imports should be considered. Whether Royalty and License fee is taxed or not must be determined after examining the various contract details and circumstances of the transaction.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.8-12
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• 1979