• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.181-184
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• 2017

Korea is the world's top ten energy consumer, relying on foreign imports for 97% of its total energy. In 2007, energy imports amounted to US $ 95 billion, accounting for 26.6% of total imports. Thus, fundamental and long-term countermeasures against the same energy crisis It is a fact that is required. Despite the fact that the world is moving rapidly around the world in response to energy saving and low-carbon economic era, domestic movements are relatively slow. In this paper, we developed an IoT data collection device (Gateway) to control Light Things (lighting, signage, display, etc.) built in medium and large facilities under the assumption of hospital facilities, We propose the Light Things control algorithm and data acquisition (Gateway) development technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.815-825
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• 2016

The inter-industrial inducement effects of the Korean railway services on the output, value-added, and imports of 383 industrial sectors of the Korean economy have been computed by the input-output analysis technique utilizing the '2013 Input-Output Statistics', which was published most recently in December 2015 by the Bank of Korea. The research results are, then, compared and contrasted with the former research results with the '2003 Input-0utput Statistics', which were published in the Journal of the Korean Society for Railway, August, 2008. The economic inducement effects computed in this study are as follows. The Korean railway service industry produced \5,841 billion worth of passenger and freight railroad services in the year 2013, and it induced \8,511 billion worth of output, \84 billion worth of value-added, and \1,050 billion worth of imports for Korean industry as a whole.; the production inducement multiplier, value-added multiplier, and imports inducement multiplier of 2013 results are shown to be quite different from 2003 multipliers.; it has been shown that it is necessary to utilize the most recent Input-Output Statistics for the computation of the most recent inter-industrial analysis.

• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2013

This research used the sales information of the optician's shop located in Dadgu Dongseongro from January 2013 to October 2013. We used the sales information including the sale of glass frame, lens, sunglass, sale price, weekly sale and monthly sale generated in an optician's shop. It is difficult to direct expression for product sales quantity or amount. The sales ratio of the glass frame and sunglasses was very higher than a domestic about the imports. But the sales ratio of the lens was a little bit higher than a domestic about the imports. The glasses price in which it is sold the most was 500,000 won betweens in 300,000 won. The sale was concentrated than a weekday on weekend. While a summer became close, a sale increased and after decreased gradually.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.249-265
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• 1998

The yearly consumption of soybean ranged from 1.5 to 1.7 million tons in Korea during 1995-1997 with an increasing trend of annual consumption by 60,000 tons. Gross consumption of soybean was 1.74 million tons in 1997: 1.292 million tons for feed, 0.433 million tons for food and its processing, and 15,000 tons for seed and other uses. Particularly, Korea totally depends upon imports of soybean for feed and oil. Only about $40{\%}$ of soybeans used for food and its processing are supplied through domestic production. Korean markets will be open to foreign agricultural products except for rice in 2004 when the Uruguay Round treaty is completed. According to the Korean Rural Economics Institutes reports, soybean consumption in 2004 is expected to be 1.87 million tons that is higher than that in 1997 by 0.13 million tons. In order to meet the need for soybean, Korean government planned to supply from 0.17 million tons of domestic production plus 1.7 million tons of imports, and also planned to raise the self-supply rate of $9.1{\%}$ in 2004 from $8.6{\%}$ in 1997. According to the USDA reports on international soybean production and consumption, its production is expected to be 150 million tons over the world and the international market prices for soybean will be unstable in 2004. Based on these reports, international soybean trade capacity will be 36 million tons in 2004 that is lower than 39 million tons (accounting for $25{\%}$ of gross production) in 1597. Also, a term-end stock in 2004 is estimated to be 9.6 million tons that is low as compared to 18.6 million tons In 1997, In coping with domestic and international soybean production, consumption and supply, and further possible food crisis, national policies and continuous efforts are necessarily required to promote domestic production and to reduce imports of soybean.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.361-383
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• 2009

This study extends theoretically the expected utility model of trade-conflict developed by Polacheck if a third country is involved, and analyses empirically how trade between North Korea and China affects to the political conflict between South and North Korea. The results of empirical analysis show that North Korea's exports to South Korea and China do not affect the conflict or cooperative relations between South and North Korea. But North Korea's imports from South Korea and China affect to the conflict between South and North Korea: increasing of North Korea's imports to South Korea reduce conflict between South and North Korea, but increasing of North Korea's imports to China increase conflict between South and North Korea.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.759-780
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of Korean FDI(1990-2008) in China by industries on exports and imports between two countries. We use time series regression, Vector Error Correction Model and Impulse Response Function as methodologies. Our findings through empirical tests are as follows. First Korean FDI in China increases Korean exports with China but shows a tendency to decrease due to the local content of China. Second Korean FDI in China increases Korean imports in SITC 8 with China. Finally Korean trade surplus caused by Korean FDI in China shrinks due to the decreasing of exports and increasing of imports in Korea. Korean FDI in China should be oriented host country's market oriented rather than production efficiency oriented because of unfriendly foreign investment environments in China.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.45-62
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• 2022

Purpose - Using unexpected changes in geopolitical tensions on the Korean peninsula as a quasi-natural experimental setting, we examine whether and how geopolitical risks travel across borders through firm-level imports and exports linkages. We also test whether the effects are driven by either imports or exports and assess whether firms can effectively hedge themselves against geopolitical risks. Design/methodology - We focus on a series of unanticipated geopolitical events taken place in Korea in 2018. Making use of the shocks to geopolitical climate, we identify five milestone events toward peace talks. We employ the event studies methodology. We examine heterogenous firm-level stock price reactions around key event dates depending on firms' exposure to geopolitical risks. As a measure of firms' exposure to geopolitical risks in Korea, we utilize a text-based measure of firm-level trade links. When a firm announces and discusses its purchase of inputs from Korea or sales of outputs to Korea in their annual disclosure filings, we define a firm to have a trade relationship with Korea and have exposure to Korean geopolitical risks. Similarly, we use a measure of a firm's hedging policies based on a firm's textual mention of the use of foreign exchange derivatives in their annual disclosure. Findings - We find that U.S. firms that have direct trade links to Korea gained significantly more value when the intensity of geopolitical risks drops compared to firms without such trade links to Korea. The effects are pronounced for firms purchasing inputs from or selling outputs to Korea. We find that the effectiveness of foreign exchange hedging against geopolitical risks is limited. Originality/value - We document the international transmission of geopolitical uncertainty through trade linkages. Export links as well as import links serve as important nexus of transmission of geopolitical risks across borders. Hedging strategies involving foreign-exchanges derivatives do not seem to insulate firms again geopolitical risks. With the recent movements of localization and reshuffling of the global value chain, our results suggest a significant impact of geopolitical risks in Korea on the construction of the global value chain.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.30-69
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• 2019

This paper analyzes the effects of trade on demand for labor of trading firms in Korea. We apply system GMM methodology to estimate the effects of imports and exports on employment of Korean manufacturing firms using firm-level data from the Survey of Business Activities of Statistics Korea between 2006 and 2014. According to our estimated results, for firms with high-productivity, exports have a positive and significant effect on the labor demand, while other firms do not show any such significant effects. Furthermore, our results show that offshoring mitigates the positive effects of exports on employment, since tasks within the firms can be relocated abroad. On the other hand, an increase in imports reduces demand for labor because labor is replaced with low-priced imported inputs. Also, when firms partake in global outsourcing, the negative effects of imports are mitigated as those firms expand their production by enhancing their efficiency in the process of offshoring. Therefore, our results suggest that it is important to consider heterogeneous firm productivity as well as offshoring in analyzing the effect of trade on labor demand of firms.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.200-208
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the reasons for the decreased importation of fresh Shiitake mushrooms into Korea after implementation of the Korea-China Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Monthly time-series data from January 2009 to December 2022 were analyzed using regression analysis and vector autoregression (VAR) models to determine the relationship between the amounts of fresh and spawn Shiitake mushrooms imported. The analysis revealed that a major reason for the decreased importation of fresh Shiitake mushrooms was an increase in mushroom spawn imports after Korea-China FTA implementation. The same results were obtained from the VAR model analysis. However, in terms of the dynamic changes in amount of fresh shiitake mushrooms imported, it was confirmed that the impact of the change in mushroom spawn imports could increase the amount of Shiitake mushrooms imported.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-91
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• 1990

A major change in tariff rates was made in January 1989 in Korea. The benchmark tariff rate, which applies to about two thirds of all commodity items, was lowered to 15 percent from 20 percent. In addition, the variation in tariff rates among different types of commodities was reduced. This paper examines the economic impact of the tariff reform using a multisectoral general equilibrium model of the Korean economy which was introduced by Lee and Chang(1988), and by Lee(1988). More specifically, this paper attempts to find the changes in imports, exports, domestic production, consumption, prices, and employment in 31 different sectors of the economy induced by the reform in tariff rates. The policy simulations are made according to three different methods. First, tariff changes in industries are calculated strictly according to the change in legal tariff rates, which tend to over-estimate the size of the tariff reduction given the tariff-drawback system and tariff exemption applied to various import items. Second, tariff changes in industries are obtained by dividing the estimated tariff revenues of each industry by the estimated imports for that industry, which are often called actual tariff rates. According to the first method, the import-weighted average tariff rate is lowered from 15.2% to 10.2%, while the second method changes the average tariff rate from 6.2% to 4.2%. In the third method, the tariff-drawback system is internalized in the model. This paper reports the results of the policy simulation according to all three methods, comparing them with one another. It is argued that the second method yields the most realistic estimate of the changes in macro-economic variables, while the third method is useful in delineating the differences in impact across industries. The findings, according to the second method, show that the tariff reform induces more imports in most sectors. Garments, leather products, and wood products are those industries in which imports increase by more than 5 percent. On the other hand, imports in agricultural, mining and service sectors are least affected. Domestic production increases in all sectors except the following: leather products, non-metalic products, chemicals, paper and paper products, and wood-product industries. The increase in production and employment is largest in export industries, followed by service industries. An impact on macroeconomic variables is also simulated. The tariff reform increases nominal GNP by 0.26 percent, lowers the consumer price index by 0.49 percent, increases employment by 0.24 percent, and worsens the trade balance by 480 million US dollars, through a rise in exports of 540 million US dollars and a rise in imports of 1.02 billion US dollars.