• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.823-831
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• 2002

This study is attempts to clarify the effect of infant massage for the promotion of primipara's mother-infant interaction Method: The term for collecting data for experimental group ranged from April 25, 2001 to June 5, 2001. The infants for this group were sampled among normal mother-infant from one postpartum care center located in J city. The term for collecting data for control group ranged from June 10, 2001 to August 3, 2001. The infants for this group were sampled among normal mothers infant from 1 general hospital, 1 university hospital and 1 postpartum care center located in J city. The experiment was implemented giving primipara education about massage based on protocol for infant massage provided by Johnson & Johnson Korea and they received 10 days of education, 10 minutes a day (from 10 to 11 a.m) In the post test, we videotaped both the control group and the experimental group visiting their homes 4 weeks after delivery to observe mother-infant play interaction. Data analysis was done using SAS and the homogeneity between general properties owned by both control group and experimental group and mother's perception scale for children was verified through -test. Mother-infant play interaction with both control group and experimental group was analyzed through t-test in the experiment. And analysis of mother-infant interaction points based on general properties was made using ANOVA and t-test. Result: Hypothesis that mother-infant play interaction with primipara who gave her infant a massage will be more active than that of the primipara who didn't was verified (t= -4.27, p=.0001). And the points in each item, points in each item were estimated as follows. Mother behavioral items (t=-4.96, p=.0001), infant behavioral item (t=-0.36, p=.71), mother-infant interaction reciprocity (t=-2.64, p=.01). Conclusion: An infant massage program can contribute to promoting the Mother-Infant Play Interaction positively.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.253-276
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• 2002

Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's developments. Expecially, mother and infant relationship is affected by mother and infant interactions during one year after birth and an omen of mother-infant interaction after birth is mother-fetus interaction. This study was conducted to develop mother-fetus interaction promotion program of talking and tactual stimulation aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas and to evaluate the effect of the nursing intervention program on mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Non-eguivalent control group posttest design was used, and Blumer's symbolic interaction theory and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used a conceptual framework of this study. Fifty primiparas and infant(26 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 24 dyads for control group) were recruited from three general hospital and an OBGY clinic located in Kwang Nung city. Data was collected from January 30th to December 20th in 2001. For the intervention group, programed education which focused on mother-fetus interaction in the 1st trimester. Telephone counselling was provided with interval of two weeks. For two groups, home visiting for data collection of mother- fetus interaction was conducted at 36 to 38 weeks of gestational age. And mother-infant play interactions were assessed at 4 to 6 weeks after birth using videotapes. Play situations were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effect of intervention progrom was determined with t-test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. The results were as follows: 1. The significant difference was found in mother-fetus interaction between two groups(t=2.085, P=0.0425). It indicated that intervention progrom was effective in improving mother-fetus interaction. 2. The significant difference was found in mother-infant play interaction between two groups(W=347.5, P=0.0001). In subscale analysis, three subscales showed significant differences between the groups: interactional behavior of mother(t=5.921, P=0.0001), interactional behavior of infant(t=5.736, P= 0.0000), and synchronic interactional behavior of mother and infant(t=7.940, P= 0.0000). In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas promoted mother-fetus interaction and mother-infant play interaction. Therefore, this study suggests that this nursing interventions to increase maternal sensitivity to the fetus's movement should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial for formation of mother - infant relationship, and for promotion the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1998

In our time the parent's role is changing from sexually differentiated to androgynous pattern. Mother's interction with infant includes caring and father's interaction especially have play. Father and mother share the caring and play because they have complementary nature. Infants have a tendency to show more positive responses to their fathers than mothers in play situations. For that reason we can help the promotion of father's interaction with his infant through ascertaining patterns of father-infant play interaction. This study was to find out patterns of father-infant play interaction in order to improve the Interaction between father and infant. Data was video-taped from 6 fathers and infants who were healthy and first-timed and 7-11 weeks old in their houses. I used Father-Infant Play Interaction Scale that was applied to father instead of mother as a care-giver. The scale was checked up by experts in this field for content validity and the reliability was 0.95 in this study. The results were as follows : 1. Father's play behaviors were the patterns of responses about infant's cue. The mean score was 33.16(SD, 9.11), This means they come up to the standard level of responses about infant's cue. 2. Infant's play behaviors were the patterns of responses about father's cue. The mean score was 7.00(SD,3.10). This means they get the higher level of responses about father's cue. 3. The patterns of simultaneous responses occured together between father and infant. The mean score was 9.58 (SD, 3.96). This means they reach the standard level of simultaneous responses between father and infant. 4. The patterns of interactional behaviors occured interpersonally between father and infant. The mean score was 49.75(SD, 15.80). This means they interact on the standard level of play interaction. In view of the results father's play interaction seems to reveal an average level and play patterns are similar to mother's. In order to ascertain definitely patterns of father-infant play interaction we need further research which has more subjects and variables to have important effects.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.19-34
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• 2002

This study explored the relationship between language and play of 42 infants(21 boys and 21 girls) from 13 months to 23 months old and examined how their maternal language and play were related to the infants' language and play. The play of infant-mother and maternal language were videotaped at home. The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory-Korean(MCDI-K; Fenson, 1991; Pae, 1993) was used to measure infant's language. The score of the infants' receptive language was higher than that of expressive language. Mean level of the infant's play was in the relational play, that is, he/she integrated two or more toys in an inappropriate manner during the play. There was no significant sex difference in the total language scores and in their play. The development of the infant's language was positively correlated with the infant's play level. The maternal language and play were positively correlated with the infant's language and play development.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.167-183
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in infant-mother interactions and to measure infant-mother interaction, mutuality, and reciprocity at the 2nd and 6th postnatal monthperiods. Infant-mother interaction was assessed in the mornings, afternoons, and evenings in the 2nd and 6th postnatal months, by filming unstructured free play in the home and analyzing 28 of these infant-mother film recordingsusing two trained observers. This study can be summarized in five points. First, the separate frequency distribution of each category in MIIBR's maternal behavior was as follows: the frequencies of vocalization category, the kinesthetic exercise & physical contact category, the physical caregiving category, and theuse of play tool category. These all showed changes in the 6th postnatal month compared to the 2nd postnatal month. Second, the separate frequency distribution of each category in MIIBR's infant behavior was as follows: the frequencies of physical behavior category, the vocalization category, and the play behavior category. These also all showed changes in the 6th postnatal month compared to the 2nd postnatal month. Third, the mutuality and reciprocity of mother interaction decreased in the 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. Fourth, mutuality and reciprocity in the infant interaction increased in 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. Fifth, mutuality and reciprocity in the infant-mother interaction increased in 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. In conclusion, it is evident that infant-mother interactions change over time. This study bears particular significance in setting a foundation for the theoretical basis of the interaction between infant and mother by observation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.111-128
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• 2004

Responsiveness and initiative between infant and mother from toy centered play situation at 6, 7 months of age and infant's social communication skills at 12 months were studied in a sample of 62 infant-mother pairs. Through the video analysis, infants were grouped into simple react group, cooperated group, and active initiative group. In the between groups, we analyzed whether mother's initiative act styles and response styles were different, and whether their social communication skills were different when they tested at 12 months. The results showed that mother's initiative styles were not different but mother's response styles were significantly different with infant groups. Further result showed that cooperated group gained higher score than active initiative group in the total score of Eary Social Communication Skills scales at 12 months of age. The results suggested that mother's responsive behaviors were more important than initiative behaviors for the infant's positive interaction, and the difference of these behaviors would lead to a gap of early social communication abilities.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.15-30
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• 2005

The subjects of this study were 31 mothers and their first-born infants from middle class families living in Seoul. Mother-infant interactions were filmed at 5 and 13 months of age during naturalistic play situations at home. Questionnaire data were also collected. Results revealed that both maternal didactic and social interactions decreased over the 5 to 13 month time period but (only for infants) object-oriented interaction increased over time. Infant object-oriented interaction at 13 months was predicted by cumulative effects of both mother's social stimulation at 5 months and infant social interaction at 13 months. Infant's social interaction at 13 months was predicted by infant's object-oriented interaction at 13 months. Infant language development was predicted by mother's didactic stimulation.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a mother-fetus interaction promotion program aimed at enhancing the sensitivity of primiparas, and to evaluate the effects of a mother-infant play interaction. Method: Participants were recruited from OB-GY clinic with postpartum take-care center (17 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 17 dyads for control group). Data were collected from January 18 to August 5, 2005. For the intervention group, programmed education which focused on mother-fetus interaction in the 3rd trimester was given. For the two groups, home visiting or a postpartum care center was used for data collection of the mother-infant interaction which was conducted at postpartum 1 week and 1 month. Also mother-infant interactions during feeding were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. Results: A significant difference was found in mother-infant interaction between the two groups (postpartum 1 week, t=6.10, P=0.000, 1 month t=6.69, p=.000). For variations in mother-infant interaction in the control group, a significant difference was found in between postpartum 1 week and 1 month (t=-2.564, p=.021). In subscale analysis, interactional behavior of the infant significantly increased in both groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the mother-fetus interaction promotion program aimed at promoting mother-infant interaction increase maternal sensitivity. Therefore, this study suggests that this nursing intervention to increase maternal sensitivity to the fetus should be broadly applied with primiparas, as it can be beneficial for formation of the mother-infant relationship, and for promotion of the social, emotional, and cognitive developments of the children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.243-255
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• 2008

This study analyzed relations among maternal parenting behavior, infant development and parenting stress focusing on the moderating effect of parenting stress. Subjects were 30 infants and their mothers. After videotaping the mother-infant free play session, maternal parenting was analyzed by the Parent Child Interaction Play Assessment(Mash & Terdal, 1981); mothers' parenting stress was measured by questionnaire. Infant development was measured individually by the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development (K-BSID-II). Correlation analyses revealed that infant cognitive development correlated significantly with maternal parenting behavior (attention) but the relation between them was moderated by maternal parenting stress; only the low parenting stress group showed a positive relationship between maternal parenting behavior and infant development.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.16-24
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• 1985

This study considered the problem of whether the method of Lamaze education changes maternal attitudes toward childrearing, material-infant interaction and is feasible for Korean culture in nineteen mother. infant dyads. Among those mothers, nine were assigned experimental group who received Lamaze education at the period of 7th and 8th month of gestation, and ten were assigned control group who received obstetric routine care. Maternal attitudes were assessed with selected items from Cohler's Maternal Atttiude Scale. Maternal Play Interaction Scale was used during play session to evaluate maternal sensitivity, infant response and mother-infant dyadic synchrony. There were no significant differences not only between the two groups, but also between the period of pre-lamaze education and post-delivery on the Cohler's maternal attitude scale. Experimental mothers and babies scored significantly higher on maternal sensitivity and infant response. But no differences in mother-infant, dyadic synchrony were found. This findings mean that the effect of the lamaza education on the maternal attitudinal change related to be needed the change of cognitive structure is delayed while the effect of that on the maternal infant behavioral response showed immediatly. Modification of Lamaze method is necessary for practical use in our sociocultural system.