• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2005

The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke, chemicals. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by these environmen tal facts play critical roles in cellular damage. These irritants are in themselves damaging to the skin structure but they also participate the immensely complex inflammatory reaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the skin cell protective effect of Campsis grandiflora extract on the UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We tested free radical and superoxide scavenging effect in vitro. C. grandiflora extracts had potent radical scavenging effect by 82% at $100{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. For testing intracellular ROS scavenging activity the cultured HDFs were analyzed by increase in DCF fluorescence upon exposure to UVB 20 $MJ/cm^2$ after treatment of C.grandiflora extracts. The results showed that oxidation of CM-DCFDA was inhibited by C.grandiflora extracts effectively and C.grandiflora extracts has a potent free radical scavenging activity in UVB- irradiated HDFs. In ROS imaging using confocal microscope we visualized DCF fluorescence in HDFs directly. In conclusion, our results suggest that C.grandiflora can be effectively used for the prevention of UV-induced adverse skin reactions such as radical production, and skin cell damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.801-808
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• 2017

The present study investigated the protective effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum culture supernatants (BbSC) and intracellular cell-free extracts (BbICFE) on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) against ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation. HDFs were treated with UV-B, UV-B+BbCS, and UV-B+BbICFE. Treatment of UV-B-irradiated HDFs with BbCS and BbICFE significantly increased cell viability compared to UV-B-irradiated HDFs. BbCS treatment reduced senescence in HDFs by approximately 40.0%. Moreover, sub-G1 phase was significantly reduced in BbCS- and BbICFE-treated HDFs (3.3% and 4.5%, respectively). The effect of UV-B on oxidative damage of HDFs was measured by dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Fluorescence intensity significantly increased in UV-B-irradiated HDFs. Inhibition of cellular reactive oxygen species in HDFs treated with 0.01% BbCS was the highest at 34.1%. Levels of p21 and p53 protein expression induced by UV-B irradiation were reduced by treatment with BbCS and BbICFE (47.0% and 35.6%, respectively). These results show that BbCS and BbICFE reduce UV-B-induced cellular senescence and apoptosis in HDFs. Thus, BbCS and BbICFE can be used as potential agents for protection of UV-B-induced skin cell damage.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

The antioxidative ability on the basis of reduced glutathione sulphydryl(GSH) level, the inhibition activities of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. have been determined; Lactobacillus casei CU4114 contained the highest level of GSH among the probiotic strains with 25.15 ${\mu}$mole/g. Significantly high level of GSH occured in the intracellular cell free extract of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CU4201, Lactobacillus plantarum CU4203. The antioxidant activity and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. by thiobarbituric acid(TBA) assay have been shown to be significantly differed depending on the strains(P>0.01). Intracellular cell free extracts of L. acidophilus CU4111, L. casei CU4114, and strains of Bacillus coacillus revealed a significantly intensive inhibitory activity in the linoleic acid peroxidation reactions. Spearmans' rank correlation between inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and cellular GSH levels of Lactobacillus spp. was analysed and the correlation quotient was 0.65 which means a significant positive correlation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.498-505
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• 2009

The plant Agastache rugosa Kuntze has various physiological and pharmacological activities. Especially, it has been regarded as a valuable source for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced disorders. However, little has been known about the functional role of it on oxidative damage in mammalian cells by ROS. In this study, we investigated the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and intracellular ROS scavenging capacity, and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity of the extracts from Agastache rugosa. In addition, we evaluated whether the extract can be capable of reducing $H_2O_2$-induced DNA and cell damage in NIH 3T3 cells. These extracts showed a dose-dependent free radical scavenging capacity and a protective effect on DNA damage and the lipid peroxidation causing the cell damage by $H_2O_2$. Therefore, these results suggest that Agastache rugosa is useful as a herbal medicine for the chemoprevention against oxidative carcinogenesis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 2015

The antioxidant activity of white ginseng was not recorded in Korea Functional Food Code, while its activity of red ginsengs was recorded. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and hepato protective effect of different ginsengs in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. White and red ginseng were prepared from longitudinal section of the same fresh ginseng (4-year old). The whole parts of white and red ginsengs were separately extracted with 70% ethanol and distilled water respectively, at 70 ℃ to obtain therapeutic ginseng extracts namely, WDH (distilled water extract of white ginseng), WEH (70% ethanol extract of white ginseng), RDH (distilled water extract of red ginseng) and REH (70% ethanol extract of red ginseng). In this work, we have investigated the DPPH, hydroxyl radical, Fe²⁺-chelating activity, intracellular ROS scavenging capacity and lipid peroxidation of different ginsengs. All these extracts showed a dose dependent free-radical scavenging capacity and a ROS generation as well as lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by treatment with bioactive extracts of white ginsengs (WDH) than red ginsengs. Additionally, white ginseng extracts (WDH) has dramatically increased intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase and catalase in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. All these results explain that administration of white ginseng is useful as herbal medicine than red ginseng for chemoprevention of liver damage.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2002

We have previously demonstrated that kudzu root extracts have a hypocholesterolemic effect on rats fed diets high in fat and cholesterol. To further elucidate the mechanism involved, in this study we investigated the effect of water extracts of kudzu root, Pueraria radix, on the production of apolipoprotein B$_{100}$ (APo B$_{100}$) in HepG$_2$ liver cells and secretion of apolipoprotein B$_{48}$ (Apo B$_{48}$) in Caco$_2$ cells. Human cell lines, HepG$_2$ liver cells and Caco$_2$ intestinal epithelial cells, were grown with various concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) of water extracts of kudzu root in the media. The kudzu root extract decreased Apo B$_{100}$ production and secretion. Treatment of HeP G$_2$ cells with the kudzu root extract also significantly decreased the intracellular total and free cholesterol concentration, and also decreased esterified cholesterol but was only significant at the highest dose of 2%. Apo B$_{48}$ production, but not secretion, from enterocytes was lowered by the kudzu root extracts. This research provided evidence that the hypocholesterolemic properties of kudzu root may be a consequence of decreased production and secretion of Apo B$_{100}$ in the liver and Apo B$_{48}$ in the intestine.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.678-683
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• 2007

Extracts from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba are becoming increasingly popular as a treatment that is claimed to reduce atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and thrombosis. In this study, the effect of ginkgolide B (GB) from Ginkgo biloba leaves in collagen (10 ${\mu}g/ml$)-stimulated platelet aggregation was investigated. It has been known that human platelets release matrix metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9), and that it significantly inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen. Zymographic analysis confirmed that pro-MMP-9 (92-kDa) was activated by GB to form an MMP-9 (86-kDa) on gelatinolytic activities. And then, activated MMP-9 by GB dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization, and thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) formation in collagen-stimulated platelets. Activated MMP-9 by GB directly affects down-regulations of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) or $TXA_2$ synthase in a cell free system. In addition, activated MMP-9 significantly increased the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which have the anti-platelet function in resting and collagen-stimulated platelets. Therefore, we suggest that activated MMP-9 by GB may increase the intracellular cAMP and cGMP production, inhibit the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization and $TXA_2$ production, thereby leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation. These results strongly indicate that activated MMP-9 is a potent inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. It may act a crucial role as a negative regulator during platelet activation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.581-591
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• 2020

This study investigated the probiotic properties and physiological activities of Korean fermented foods such as sikhae, young radish kimchi, and bean-curd dregs. Among the isolated lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus inopinatus BZ4, Lactobacillus plantarum SH1, Lactobacillus brevis SH14, Pediococcus pentosaceus YMT1, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides YMT6 demonstrated a greater than 60% survival rate at pH 2.5, along with an excellent survival rate even at 0.3% bile acid. These five bacteria showed strong flocculation ability in autoaggregation and coaggregation tests, indirectly clustering useful micro-organisms and inhibiting the attachment of pathogenic bacteria. In a cell surface hydrophobicity test, these bacteria showed adhesion to three solvents (ethyl acetate, chloroform, and xylene) and high hydrophobicity, thereby indicating excellent indirect cell adhesion to intestinal cells. The cell-free supernatants and intracellular extracts of the five lactic acid bacteria showed antioxidative activity in the form of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging ability and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Antimicrobial activities were also observed in four pathogenic bacteria, namely E. coli KCTC 2571, H. pylori HPKCTC B0150, L. monocytogenes KCTC 13064, and S. aureus KCTC 1916. These results demonstrate that these five lactic acid bacteria could be used as probiotics with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1086-1091
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• 2008

The antioxidant activities of the extracts of dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) leaves were evaluated. The highest phenolic content was obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction (EF) (202.1$\pm$0.8 mg GAE/g dried extract) and it exhibited the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. The cytoprotective effects of EF on oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2 cells, were investigated to understand the intracellular antioxidant mechanisms. Treatment of HepG2 cells with EF prior to oxidative stress was found to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies on EF resulted in tentative identification of 19 compounds representing 94.3% of the total content. Taken together, these results demonstrated that EF has excellent antioxidant activities and thus dangyuja leaves have great potential as a source for natural antioxidant which can be applied in food products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.982-988
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• 2022

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) has been used as preventive and therapeutic material for hyperpigmentation disorders. Previously, we isolated noble compounds including dehydroglyasperin C (DGC), dehydroglyasperin D (DGD) and isoangustone A (IAA) from licorice hexane/ethanol extracts. However, their anti-melanogenic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. The present study compared effects of DGC, DGD and IAA on pigmentation in melan-a melanocytes and human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn). DGD exerted the most excellent anti-melanogenic effect, followed by DGC and IAA at non-cytotoxic concentrations. In addition, DGD significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro cell-free system and cell system. Western blot result showed that DGD decreased expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) in melan-a cells and HEMn cells. DGD induced phosphorylation of MITF, ERK and Akt signal pathway promoting MITF degradation system. However, DGD did not influence p38 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/CREB signal pathway in melan-a cells. These result indicated that DGD inhibited melanogenesis not only direct regulation of tyrosinase but also modulating intracellular signaling related with MITF level. Collectively, these results suggested a protective role for DGD against melanogenesis.