• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.160-163
• /
• 2001

A 8 months old female dog with the combination of a fracture of the proximal tibia (Salter-Harris type I) with an avulsion of the tibial tuberosity was repaired with cross intramedullary pin for proximal tibial physeal fracture, and intramedullary pin combined with tension band wire for avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity, resulted in complete healing. At 45 days after operation, on the radiological views, there was premature closure of growth plate of proximal tibia and tibial tuberosity, but at 7 months no developing growing deformities.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.266-268
• /
• 2018

A wild Falco tinnunculus, which is a small raptor, was rescued and presented due to immobilization. On physical examination, a left ulnar fracture was detected, which was reduced with an intramedullary (IM) pin and soft bandaging. Passive range of motion (PROM) exercises were then conducted to prevent complications such as ankylosis. The raptor was released into the wild four weeks postoperatively. We suggest that IM pinning with bandaging and appropriate PROM exercises may effectively treat ulnar fractures in small raptors.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2017

Purpose: To report the clinical results from surgical treatment for clavicle shaft fracture by percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins. Materials and Methods: Between January 2004 and June 2014, the medical records of 135 patients who underwent percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins were reviewed. The mean follow-up periods were 15 months. The functional results were evaluated with The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and Constant score. The clinical results were evaluated with the shortened length of the clavicle, length of surgical wound, operation time and Kang's criteria. Results: The mean bone union period was 11.6 weeks (8-16 weeks). The mean DASH score was 11.8. The mean Constant score was 91.2. The mean shortened length of the clavicle was less than 20 mm. The mean length of surgical wound was 1.2 cm (0.7-1.5 cm). The mean operation time was 18 minutes (10-35 minutes). Using Kang's criteria, 131 out of 135 patients (97.0%) showed good results. Complications included were 3 pin migrations and 2 non-unions. Conclusion: Percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins showed good results for treating clavicle shaft fracture.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 1999

Purpose: Despite of the popular use of the reconstruction plate for the fixation of clavicular shaft fractures, some disadventages have been raised such as long period of immobilization, long skin incision, loosening of plate and screws, and increased chance of nonunion due to severe periosteal injury. Thus, the authors have performed intramedullary multiple Steinmann pins fixation that could reduce the disadvantages of plate fixation in order to compare the treatment results between the two groups. Materials & Methods: From 1994. Jan. to 1997. Dec. the department of orthopaedic surgery of the Kwak's hospital treated operatively for 56 cases of the clavicular shaft fractures in adult. 39 cases of them were treated with the plate fixation and 17 cases with the intramedullary multiple Steinmann pins fixation(SP group). Reconstruction plates(Plate group) were used for 26 out of 39 patients treated with plate fixation. Among the Plate group and SP group, each 15 cases were selected by age and sex and compared each other according to the bone union time, union rate, complication, and functional results. The follow-up period was 12 months at the shortest and 48 months at the longest and the average was 16 months. Results: The Plate group showed that the bone union time was 7 weeks and the bone union rate was 93%. The SP group showed 6.5 weeks and 100% respectively. In complication, the Plate group had 1 case of loosening of plate and screws and delayed union; SP group had 1 case of pin migration. The functional results according to Kang's criteria, 87% of the Plate group and 93% of the SP group showed good or excellent. Conclusion : The SP group showed very comparable results in terms of the bone union time, bone union rate, complication, and functional results comparing to the Plate group. The intramedullary multiple Steinmann pins fixation showed several advantages over the reconstruction plate fixation, which were simple operative technique, easy removal of pins, being able to perform immediate postoperative full range of motion exercise. Therefore, the intramedullary multiple Steinmann pins fixation is thought to be one of the useful operative techniques in treatment of the clavicular shaft fractures in adult.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.17.1-17.9
• /
• 2023

To our knowledge, this is the first case of concurrent diaphyseal left coracoid and left femoral fractures in a Eurasian eagle owl and its post-release survival in Korea. The femur was surgically repaired using an external skeletal fixator-intramedullary (IM) pin tie-in method, and the coracoid was repaired solely with an IM pin on day 6 after femur surgery. The eagle owl underwent a gradual rehabilitation process. The bird was successfully rehabilitated and released 101 d after initial presentation. The bird was monitored using a wildlife tracking device and was confirmed to have survived for over 5 mon in the wild.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.215-217
• /
• 2008

Medical records from the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of Missouri-Columbia from 2004 to 2007 were available for 28 raptors that underwent long bone fracture repair. There were 14 owls, 10 hawks, 2 vultures, 1 eagle, and 1 falcon. Mean body weight was 780 g (ranged from 150 to 1400 g) for 14 owls; 650 g (ranged from 150 to 1270 g) for 10 hawks; 1760 g (ranged from 1520 to 2000 g) for 2 vultures; 5000 g for 1 eagle; and 130 g for 1 falcon. Of all 28 fracture cases, 11 cases (39%) and 1 case (3%) were related to hit-by-car and shooting respectively. Physical examination revealed dehydration in 18 raptors (64%) and lethargy in 12 raptors (42%). Forty one long bone fractures were included in 28 cases. The radiographs revealed 13 ulnar fractures (32%), 12 humeral fractures (30%), 10 radial fractures (25%), 4 tibiotarsal fractures (9%), 1 femoral fracture (2%), and 1 fibular fracture (2%). External skeletal fixation using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) combined with intramedullary fixation was used in 19 long bone fractures (46%). Intramedullary fixation using intramedullary Kirschner pin was used in 16 long bone fractures (39%). No surgical treatment was performed in 6 long bone fractures (15%). This study reported that many of raptors presented dehydration and lethargy when admitted for treatment. Therefore, proper hydration and nutrition are critical pre-surgical requirements. In addition, combination of internal fixation and external skeletal fixation using PMMA might be better option to treat raptors with comminuted fracture that results from mostly trauma of hit-by-car.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.291-299
• /
• 2006

During long bone lengthening, there are many disadvantages including axial deviation, malalignment and re-fracture which are commonly encountered inspite of its proven abilities. To study the effects of intramedullary K-wire application on the lengthening of long bone, ten skeletally mature mongrel dogs were separated into two groups(Group I, II). Right femurs of group I(5 dogs) were fixed with only monolateral external fixator after subperiosteal osteotomy. Right femurs of group II(5 dogs) were fixed with mono lateral external fixator and intramedullary K-wire after subperiosteal osteotomy. Lengthening was started at 7 days after the surgery with the rate of 0.5 mm per day for 5 weeks and the dogs were sacrificed after 15 weeks postoperatively to examine histologic differences and evaluate bone mineral density. Radiographic examination at an interval of two weeks was done to evaluate the type of callus formed and to analyze complications including instability of external skeletal fixation and axial deviation. Bone mineral density at the lengthened area and contralateral nonlengthened area were measured using quantitative computerized tomography. Histological examination of regenerated bone was performed using Masson's trichrome stain method. The radiographs demonstrated poor callus formation, higher incidence of axial deviation and screw loosening in the group I compared to the group II. The bone mineral density at the lengthened area in the group II was higher than that of the group I(P<0.05). Histological examination showed that the new bone trabeculae in the group II were greater than that of the group I. In conclusion, the combination of monolateral external fixator and intramedullary K-wire can prevent pin loosening, axial deviation and reduce healing period in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.156-161
• /
• 2022

The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence, occurrence pattern, and clinical outcomes of transfixation pinning and casting (TPC) for fractures in Korean native calves, and to identify the advantages of the procedure. The study investigated 52 cases of bone fractures documented from January 2017 to December 2020. Hindlimb fractures (72%) were the most common in bone fractures (n = 50). The distribution of fractures was highest in the tibia (n = 15), followed by the metatarsal (n = 12), femur (n = 9), radius/ulna (n = 8), metacarpal (n = 3), humerus (n = 3), mandible (n = 1), and caudal vertebrae (n = 1). All cases were diagnosed via radiographic evaluation. Closed fractures (86%) were the most common, followed by open fractures (14%). Surgery was performed on 34 calves using intramedullary pin (IM pin), TPC, cross pin, flexible wire (F-wire), and/or plate fixation. The rest of the calves were treated with external coaptation (n = 12) or were not treated (n = 6). Subsequently, 24 calves with follow-up records were evaluated in the bone fracture cases (n = 50). Bone union was observed in 15 (62%) calves; 3 (12%) calves showed non-union; 4 (16%) calves were dead after surgery; and 2 (8%) calves were euthanized at the owner's request. Among the 24 follow-up surgery cases, the most successful cases were tibia fractures (75%) surgically treated using TPC and/or IM pin. These findings suggest that TPC surgery is effective in the management of fractures in Korean native calves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate and analyze fractures types in wild mammals in Korea. Wild mammals treated at 3 wildlife centers in Korea were included. Of the 63 cases included in this study, water deer was the most common species encountered with fractures. We determined 85 different fracture sites, with maximum lumber vertebral fractures followed by femoral, tibial and pelvic fractures. External skeletal fixator (ESF)-intramedullary (IM) pin (IM+ESF tie-in fixation) was the most common method applied for the surgical treatment of mammals. Lumbar vertebrae and femur were the most common bones involved. The findings of this study are expected to provide information for veterinarians regarding the frequency and characteristics of fractures in wild mammals and serve as a basic database for the types and outcomes of fractures in wild mammals.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.82-84
• /
• 2019

A common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) was presented with inability to stand and fly at Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center. The kestrel showed non-weight bearing ambulation on both legs and crepitation with no external wound. Radiographs revealed a fracture on mid-diaphysis of right tibiotarsus and a distal end fracture of left femur. Intramedullary pinning was chosen for reduction of both fractures. The right tibiotarsal fracture was corrected first, and left femur was repaired 5 days later. The kestrel was managed with a specially designed sling to prevent further iatrogenic damage for 2 weeks. Three weeks after the surgery, the kestrel was able to stand and found to perch in 4 weeks. On 5 weeks, The kestrel could fly free at outdoor aviary and was released through rehabilitation for 3 months finally.