• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.447-466
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• 2021

Purpose: This article aims 1) to propose Quality 4.0 concept through surveying related literature, 2) to suggest key elements of Quality 4.0 by arranging the elements of Quality 4.0 that appeared in the literature, 3) to determine the levels of Quality 4.0, and 4) to suggest ideas for effective deployment of Quality 4.0. Methods: Eleven papers or documents are reviewed for Quality 4.0 concept; two papers and one document are investigated for key element extraction of Quality 4.0; and smart factory roadmap and industry 4.0 maturity model are studied to determine the levels of Quality 4.0. Results: 1) Quality 4.0 definition is proposed. 2) Three key elements are determined: data acquisition and analytics, connection and integration, and leadership and culture. 3) Six Quality 4.0 levels are determined. 4) Some suggestions are addressed for effective deployment of Quality 4.0. Conclusion: 1) Definition, key elements, levels, and some suggestions on effective deployment of Quality 4.0 are addressed. 2) Specific contents of Quality 4.0 education and training courses should be provided in the future. 3) Two future research directions are proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The coexistence of age-related skeletal muscle mass loss and obesity poses a substantial health risk for individuals because it combines the detrimental effects of muscle mass reduction associated with aging and the health complications from obesity. This study aimed to identify the incidence rate and key influencing elements among Korean men in their thirties. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 934 male participants was performed using complex sampling analysis. Various influencing elements were investigated, including age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, smoking and drinking behaviors, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. RESULTS: The incidence rate was 2.90%. The key influencing elements were age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle index, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol (p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study identified the incidence rate and key influencing element for CALSMO among Korean younger community-dwelling men.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.217-236
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• 2019

Purpose: This article aims 1) to identify key elements for building quality culture, 2) to design and analyze survey data from defense industry companies, and 3) to suggest directions for enhancing quality culture levels. Methods: Key elements and items for a quality culture are derived by investigating related references and using affinity diagram. Questionnaire items to investigate the quality culture level of the organizations are prepared and the survey data on the level of quality culture of military defense companies are analyzed. Results: 1) Descriptive statistical analyses are presented to compare the levels of the six key elements. 2) In each element items with low scores are identified, which should be improved. 3) Among six key elements, 'support 'element shows lowest level. 4) The quality culture level of the small-sized companies are relatively low. Conclusion: 1) To improve the quality culture level of the defense industry companies, it is necessary to provide quality education, to enhance recognition and rewards, and to invest resources for employees' self-development. 2) Small-sized companies can easily be adapted to quality-oriented cultural change if the CEO leadership focuses on quality culture.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.581-599
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to analyze general types of R&D Quality Assurance(R&D QA) and to identify key quality elements for R&D QA. R&D QA is defined as all the planned and systematic actions to verify whether R&D processes are conducted in a proper manner and the results of R&D fully satisfy customers' requirements. Methods: The existing R&D QA guidelines and the some cases were reviewed. From the review, three general types are analyzed and thirteen key quality elements are identified. Then, the survey on the eighteen domestic experts has been conducted for prioritization of the identified elements. Results: As the result of this study, three types for R&D QA based on quality elements, standard process, and final evaluation are analyzed. Related to the first type, thirteen quality elements, e.g., administrative plan, project plan, process management and so on, are identified and prioritized. Conclusion: This study contributes to develop the baseline for R&D QA including the types and the key quality elements. It may be helpful for the institute that has an interest adopting R&D QA.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the key elements for the improvement of healthcare services for foreigners in Korea. Method: Delphi technique was used for this study. As the members of an expert panel for this study, 32 healthcare professionals, who were physicians, nurses, administrators, and care coordinators, with at least 6 months of experiences in international clinics and healthcare services in five metropolitan areas in Korea participated. Data collections were conducted three times from August to October, 2009. The priority and the importance were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS Win 15.0. Result: The key element selected most frequently by the experts was the 'Healthcare providers' abilities for foreign languages' followed by 'Guidelines for facing medical accidences and disputes', 'Information and guide for healthcare services written in English', 'Informed consent preventing medical disputes', 'System of healthcare service fees for foreigners'. Conclusions: The key elements for the improvement of healthcare services for foreigners in Korea were mostly the requirements for effective communication with the foreign clients and the systemic support. The key elements identified in this study can be applied usefully for the development of strategies to improve the quality of healthcare services for foreigners.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.21-33
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• 2005

This study aims to find out actual conditions of environmental-friendly design on outdoor space of housing estate, and then to propose the direction of environmental-friendly design in order to construct the adequate environmental-friendly housing estates. First of all, this study investigated the environmental-friendly design elements on outdoor space of housing estates through literature survey and selected 9 major elements based on the result of the investigation. And then 15 KNHC housing estates were analyzed to find out design actualities of environmental-friendly elements. Major results of this study are as follows. 1) The environmental-friendly design elements were highly adopted in outdoor space of housing estates. The adoption rate of environmental-friendly design elements is 81.0% in average. But, 5 major elements were passively adopted out of 9. 2) According to the comparative analysis of KNHC housing estates, The adoption rate of environmental-friendly design elements was similar in metropolitan housing estates and non-metropolitan housing estates. But, the adoption level of environmental-friendly design element in metropolitan housing estates was higher than one in non-metropolitan. It shows that metropolitan housing estates are more activly adopted in 6 major elements. 3) According to the comparative analysis of design method of KNHC housing estates, The adoption rate and the adoption level of environmental-friendly design elements by turn-key design method and competition design method were higher than by general design. It shows that the housing estates designed by turn-key and competition design method are more activly adopted in 7 major elements.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 2013

This study suggested ways to control UML diagram and to make design of database and to retrieve diagram information by giving questions. The study classified elements of the diagram. For instance, class diagram was made of classes, and class was done of class name and attribute operator. The elements were transformed to be database table having basic key and foreign key information. The ways suggested had advantages of users' sharing of model information and reuse of the model. This study investigated cost saving, time saving and UML model construction by database. We had designed integrated and relation database that could save and manage UML diagram, and suggested retrieval. For instance, we classified class diagram into elements to make tables and kept relation of each element by using not only basic key of relation database but also foreign key information. We made database of modeling depending upon methods to give users convenience.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 2018

Shear walls are a typical member under a complex stress state and have complicated mechanical properties and failure modes. The separated-elements model Genetic Evolutionary Structural Optimization (GESO), which is a combination of an elastic-plastic stress method and an optimization method, has been introduced in the literature for designing such members. Although the separated-elements model GESO method is well recognized due to its stability, feasibility, and economy, its adequacy has not been experimentally verified. This paper seeks to validate the adequacy of the separated-elements model GESO method against experimental data and demonstrate its feasibility and advantages over the traditional elastic stress method. Two types of reinforced concrete shear wall specimens, which had the location of an opening in the middle bottom and the center region, respectively, were utilized for this study. For each type, two specimens were designed using the separated-elements model GESO method and elastic stress method, respectively. All specimens were subjected to a constant vertical load and an incremental lateral load until failure. Test results indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity, failure modes, and main crack types of the shear walls designed using the two methods were similar, but the ductility indexes including the stiffness degradation, deformability, reinforcement yielding, and crack development of the specimens designed using the separated-elements model GESO method were superior to those using the elastic stress method. Additionally, the shear walls designed using the separated-elements model GESO method, had a reinforcement layout which could closely resist the actual critical stress, and thus a reduced amount of steel bars were required for such shear walls.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 2020

Small RNAs (sRNAs) are widespread and play major roles in regulation circuits in bacteria. Previously, we have demonstrated that transcription of esrE is under the control of its own promoter. However, the regulatory elements involved in EsrE sRNA expression are still unknown. In this study, we found that different cis-regulatory elements exist in the promoter region of esrE. We then screened and analyzed seven potential corresponding trans-regulatory elements by using pull-down assays based on DNA affinity chromatography. Among these candidate regulators, we investigated the relationship between the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) and the EsrE sRNA. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and β-galactosidase activity assays demonstrated that Fur can bind to the promoter region of esrE, and positively regulate EsrE sRNA expression in the presence of Fe²⁺.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.923-937
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• 2014

The rational finite element method is different from the standard finite element method, which is constructed using basic solutions of the governing differential equations as interpolation functions in the elements. Therefore, it is superior to the isoparametric approach because of its obvious physical meaning and accuracy; it has successfully been applied to the isotropic elasticity problem. In this paper, the formulation of rational finite elements for plane orthotropic elasticity problems is deduced. This method is formulated directly in the physical domain with full consideration of the requirements of the patch test. Based on the number of element nodes and the interpolation functions, different approaches are applied with complete polynomial interpolation functions. Then, two special stiffness matrixes of elements with four and five nodes are deduced as a representative application. In addition, some typical numerical examples are considered to evaluate the performance of the elements. The numerical results demonstrate that the present method has a high level of accuracy and is an effective technique for solving plane orthotropic elasticity problems.