• Title/Summary/Keyword: laminitis

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Stress response as a contributing factor in horses with laminitis

  • Alexandra Moss;Britta Leise;Eileen Hackett
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.33.1-33.7
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    • 2023
  • Background: Laminitis is a complex and debilitating disease of horses. Numerous predisposing factors contribute to laminitis development, however the exact pathogenesis remains undetermined. Serum T4, cortisol, and histamine are components of the innate stress response and could play a causative or contributory role. Stress hormone concentrations in laminitis are largely unknown. Objective: To evaluate parameters associated with stress response in horses with laminitis, and compare these to healthy horses and horses with gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Methods: Thirty-eight adult horses presenting for non-medical conditions, GI abnormalities, or clinical laminitis were prospectively enrolled. Horses were assigned to the appropriate disease group (healthy, GI disease, and laminitis) and had blood drawn on presentation to the hospital. Samples were analyzed for plasma endogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (eACTH), serum cortisol, serum thyroid hormone, and plasma histamine. Results: Stress hormone concentrations were significantly different between horses in the laminitis and GI disease groups. Plasma histamine levels were highest in horses with laminitis, compared with GI disease and controls. Both horses with laminitis and GI disease had increased plasma eACTH when compared to healthy horses. Horses with GI disease had higher serum cortisol concentrations than horses with laminitis or controls. Serum T4 was lower in horses with GI disease than in horses with laminitis and controls. Conclusions: Horses with laminitis had relative increases in both plasma histamine and eACTH concentrations. Serum T4 and cortisol concentrations of horses with laminitis did not differ significantly when compared to healthy horses. The role of stress hormones in equine disease warrants further investigation.

A Specific Biomarker for The Diagnosis of Equine Laminitis (말의 제엽염 진단을 위한 특이적 생물지표)

  • Lee, Seungwoo;Lee, Seung Heon;Kim, Myung-Chul;Kim, Yong-Baek;Ryu, Doug-Young
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.62-68
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    • 2015
  • There is no reliable indicator available for the diagnosis of horse laminitis, although the disease is common and costly. This study was performed to develop a specific diagnostic biomarker for laminitis. We have identified 33 differentially expressed proteins in plasma of a horse suffering laminitis that is experimentally induced by an overdose of oligofructose, in comparison with normal horse plasma. Among the proteins, myosin-9 mRNA was found in RNA sequencing analysis to be expressed specifically in laminitis tissues compared to other horse tissues. It is thus suggested that expression of plasma myosin-9 may be used for the diagnosis of equine laminitis.

Experimental Equine Laminitis Induced by Treatment with Oligofructose (올리고당 투여를 통한 급성 제엽염의 실험적 유발)

  • Kwon, Mi-Young;Ryu, Doug-Young;Jeon, Hyung-Seon;Kim, Joon-Gyu;Cui, FengJi;Lee, Seung-Woo;Kim, Yongbaek
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.75-79
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    • 2013
  • Laminitis is a common horse disease that causes pain and disability. One of the major causes of laminitis is carbohydrate overload, which leads to the overgrowth of gram-positive bacteria and subsequent toxemia. This study was performed to establish an experimental model of acute phase laminitis. A horse was fed with a bolus dose of oligofructose, examined for clinical signs and blood parameters, and euthanized for necropsy and histopathology. After administration, the horse exhibited clinical signs including watery feces, inappetence, severe lameness, pyrexia and tachycardia. Complete blood count showed increased hematocrit, lymphocytosis and neutropenia. Serum chemistry revealed hyperglycemia, hyperproteinemia, high level of glutamic oxalate transaminase, creatinine, uric acid and mild hyponatremia. Histologically, the lamina tissue was edematous with mild infiltration of inflammatory cells. These findings indicate that oligofructose-induced laminitis in horse is an appropriate model for studying pathogenesis of acute phase laminitis.

Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction with Laminitis in a Horse

  • Lee, Eun-bee;Chun, Yong-woo;Park, Kyung-won;Kang, Tae-young;Seo, Jong-pil
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.41-44
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    • 2021
  • Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), often referred to as equine Cushing's disease, is a common endocrine disorder often diagnosed in older horses. A 13-year-old 460 kg Warmblood gelding showed clinical signs suggestive of PPID, including hypertrichosis, fat redistribution, polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD), and weight loss. Physical examination, complete blood cell count, and serum chemistry results were normal. However, dexamethasone suppression and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level tests confirmed PPID. Three months after the confirmed diagnosis, the horse was referred again with symptoms of laminitis. Radiography and venography were performed to evaluate the laminitis severity level. However, the foot condition continued to worsen, and the horse was eventually euthanized. The purpose of this case report is to describe clinical signs and diagnosis of PPID with laminitis.

Acupuncture Treatment in a Case with Equine Laminitis (말 제엽염의 침 치료 1례)

  • Kim Duck-Hwan;Liu Jian-Zhu;Choi Seok-Hwa;MacManus Phillip;Jennings Paoraic;Darcy Karl;Burke Fiona;Leorald Nola;Rogers Phil A.M.
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.6-8
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    • 2006
  • One male Arabian horse, 13-year-old reared in Galway, Ireland, was diagnosed as laminitis. Hemo-acupuncture at TH01, SI01 and ST45 was used. Injection acupuncture with dexamethasone was also applied at the same acupoints after homo-acupuncture twice a week. Bee-venom was injected into GV01 at session 2. After session 3, the patient showed almost normal walking.

Adaptation of Feedlot Cattle to a High-energy Ration by Intraruminal Transplantation of Adapted Ruminal Fluid (제1위내용액 이식에 의한 비육우의 농후사료 적응법에 관한 연구)

  • 이현범;탁연빈;성은주;김기석;이영주;정재석;장종식;권오덕
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.62-74
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    • 1998
  • In feedlot cattle the abrupt change of diet from roughage to a large quantity of grain for the purpose to improve production often results in increased occurrence of rumen acidosis or acute carbohydrate encouragement enterotoxemia, bloats diarrhea liver abscess and laminitis or robot disease. The common management practice to control these problem is to increase the amount of concentrates in the diet in a stepwise manner until the animals are adapted to a high-grain ration. However this practice requires at least about 3 weeks adaptation period and specially prepared adaptation rations which contain various amount of concentrates. Present experiment was undertaken in order to findout the more simple and rapid adaptation method of cattle to a high grain ration. Nineteen Korean calves aging from four to six month were fed artifical hay (Youngchoun Chuk-Hyup, Korea) which contains 10% of concentrates or alfalfa and rye grass hays for two months and randomly alloted to three experimental groups and two control groups. The experimental group-1 was inoculated by stomach tube for two days with li500 ml/day of ruminal fluid fished from Korean beef cattle that had been previously adapted to a high-energy ration. The experimental group-2 was inoculated by trocalization for two days with the same ruminal fluid. The experimental group-3 was inoculated by trocalization with 1,500 ml/day of bacterial culture which contained 2$\times $10$^{9}$/m1 of Gram-negative bacteria derived from adapted luminal fluid. The two control groups were treated with normal saline solution by the same methods. All animals were fed high-energy ration that contained 80% of grain ad libitum for 30-74 days beginning on the third of the treatment. The effect of the inoculation on the adaptation was observed clinicopathologically with the following results; All of the experimental calves inoculated with the ruminal fluid or Gram-negative bacterial culture derived from adapted cattle did not show any signs of rumen acidosis or other related diseases, while most of the control calves did show diarrhea and bloat and a calf laminitis. The average daily weight gain and feed efficiency of experimental calves were slightly improved compared with control calves. Following the feeding of high-grain rational the pH of the ruminal fluid was lowered in both the experimental and control groups. However severe acidosis with the pH of below 5.0 was observed in only a control group-2. The protozoal number in ruminal fluid was markedly decreased during the high-grain feeding in both the experimental and control calves. However the decrease was mere severe in control calves compared with the experimental calves. The activation of the protozoa were completely disappeared within nine hours at the refrigerator temperature (4"C). No significant differences in heamatological and blood chemical values between the experimental and control calves were recognized. However in one control calf which showed clinically laminitis marked elevations of serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activities and a decrease of serum glucose level were observed. From these results it would be concluded the intraruminal transplantation of unadapted calves with the adapted ruminal fluid from cattle previously adapted to a high-energy ration prevents disease problem associated with high-grain feeding and improve weight gain and feed efficiency.ency.

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A survey on the incidence rate of foot diseases in dairy cattle

  • Lee, Cheong-San;Ryu, Dae-Yeol;Kwak, Hak-Koo;Hyun, Gong-Yul;Park, Kyung-Jae;Cho, Woo-Young;Lee, Jong-In
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.347-352
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to investigate the status of hoof diseases and to develope treatment method for cattle with hoof diseases during the period of January to December in 2000. Out of 435 heads, 34 heads(7.8%) had hoof diseases. In respect to season, incidence rate was higher in August to September than that of other seasons. The incidence rates of hoof rot, pododermatitis verrucosae, laminitis, other cases and trauma were 14 cases(41%), 10 cases (29%), 7 cases(21%), 2 cases(6%) and 1 case(3%), respectively. In respect to age and milk production, Incidence rate was higher in the cattle with high milk production. Incidence rate of hoof diseases on the hind-limbs was higher than that of the fore-limbs. E. coli(8 strains), Clostridium spp(8 strains), Staphylococcus spp(6 strains), Fusobacterium spp(6 strains), and Bacteroides spp(6 strains) were isolated from the hoof lesions. All isolates were sensitive to composite preparation made of mainly formalin with picric acid and phenol. (Treatment against each strains isolated was sensitive to composite preparation made out of the main constitutions of formalin with picric acid and phenol).

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The Effects of Different Feeding Levels on the Number of Fecal Lactic Acid-producing Bacteria and Fecal pH in Horses (말에서 사료 급여 수준이 분 젖산 생산 박테리아 및 pH 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Chong-Eon;Kim, Nam-Young;Park, Nam-Geon;Oh, Woon-Young;Cheong, Ha-Yeun;Joa, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.111-116
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of different feeding levels on the number of fecal lactic acid-producing bacteria and fecal pH in horses. In Exp. 1, 6 female cross-bred horses ($332.4{\pm}50.4\;kg$, 5 year old) were fed 2% hay or 2% concentrates of BW for 30 d, and the number of fecal Lactobacilli and Streptococci was measured. For Exp. 2, 5 castrated Thoroughbred ($474.5{\pm}64.6kg$, 4 year old) and 5 female cross-bred horses ($343.6{\pm}56.3\;kg$, 5 year old) were allotted to high- or low-concentrates diets (5 levels) for 30 d in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design, and the fecal pH was assessed. In Exp. 3, 3 castrated Thoroughbred ($482.6{\pm}53.3\;kg$, 4 year old) were fed high- or low-alfalfa hay diets (3 levels) for 30 d in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design, and the fecal pH was measured. Feeding high-concentrates diets increased (P<0.05) the number of fecal lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactobacilli and Streptococci) and decreased (P<0.01) the fecal pH. Feeding alfalfa hay with high-concentrates diet (2% alfalfa hay + 1% concentrates of BW) decreased (P<0.01) the fecal pH. These results showed that feeding high-concentrates diets increased lactic acid-producing bacteria in the large intestine and decreased the intestinal or fecal pH causing colic or laminitis, indicating that the proper fiber/concentrates (1:1) should be maintained in horses.

Retrospective Analysis of Equine General Anesthesia Performed at Korea Racing Authority (한국마사회에서 실시한 말의 전신마취에 대한 후향 분석)

  • Kim, Ahrham;Yang, Youngjin;Song, Daeyoung;Kim, Jinkap;Kim, Hagi;Kwon, Cheoljae;Seo, Eugene;Jeong, Hyohoon;Lee, Inhyung
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.102-107
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    • 2014
  • This study was conducted to analyze the results of inhalation anesthesia performed at the equine hospital of Korea Racing Authority (KRA) and to find out the influencing factors on mortality during and/or after inhalation anesthesia. Among 585 cases of anesthesia, orthopedic surgery (410) was performed the most frequently, followed by colic surgery (85) and upper airway surgery (45). Twenty out of 585 horses were either euthanized or died during and/or after anesthesia. Among those twenty horses, fourteen horses received colic surgery, three received orthopedic surgery, and three others received upper airway surgery. The major causes of mortality were rupture of intestine in colic surgery and airway obstruction during recovery in upper airway surgery. Myopathy, refracture, laminitis were the causes of mortality in orthopedic surgery. Consequently, the horses that received colic and upper airway surgeries showed significantly high mortality rate rather than horses that received orthopedic surgery (p < 0.01). According to the results, horses that received colic surgery showed the highest mortality rate from euthanasia due to poor and grave prognosis. To reduce the perioperative mortality of horses, it is recommended to perform perioperative intensive care for colic surgery and careful monitoring for upper airway surgery during recovery.

Effect of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis on Plasma Concentrations of Lipopolysaccharide in Dairy Cattle (젖소에 있어 아급성제1위과산증(SARA)의 강도가 혈장 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)의 농도에 미치는 효과)

  • Son, Hey In;Baek, Seong Gwang;Moon, Ju Yeon;Ahn, Eui-Young;Lee, Hyun-Jun;Son, Yong Suk
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.313-318
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    • 2013
  • A study was conducted to determine if subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induced by feeding high level of non-structural carbohydrates results in increases in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of peripheral blood in dairy cattle. In this experiment four Holstein steers, two of which having ruminal canulae with indwelling probes placed for measuring long term pH changes, were alloted into two dietary treatments in a cross-over design, where an acidogenic diet (AD) was formulated by including high amount of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) based on corn silage and corn flake as TMR ingredients. Data for ruminal pH change and plasma LPS concentration were compared against normal diet (ND) which contained grass hay as forage and low NSC ingredients. Feeding AD for more than 14 days to animals brought about a pH change as low as less than 5.8 for more than 4 hours, which made good contrast to ND fed animals. Decreased ruminal pH also had an effect on LPS concentrations which showed significantly higher level for AD compared with ND. Therefore, plasma LPS concentration may be used as an effective indicator to verify acidosis whether it is acute or chronic. Na-bentonite and Propylene glycol, which are frequently included in dairy TMR as additives, helped decrease ruminal pH by buffering and then ultimately alleviates SARA. Therefore, it could also be helpful to lower the occurrence of laminitis which is often caused by increased blood endotoxin (LPS) concentration.