• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

Objective : To analyze the relationship of concomitant foraminallumbar disc herniation (FLDH) with postoperative leg pain after microdecompression for extraforaminallumbar disc herniation (EFLDH) at the L5-S1 level. Methods : Sixty-five patients who underwent microdecompression for symptomatic EFLDH at the L5-S1 level were enrolled, According to the severity of accompanying FLDH, EFLDH was classified into four categories (Class I : no FLDH; Class II : mild to moderate FLDH confined within a lateral foraminal zone; Class III : severe FLDH extending to a medial foraminal zone; Class IV : Class III with intracanalicular disc herniation). The incidence of postoperative leg pain, dysesthesia, analgesic medication, epidural block, and requirement for revision surgery due to leg pain were evaluated and compared at three months after initial surgery. Results : The incidences of postoperative leg pain and dysesthesia were 36.9% and 26.1%, respectively. Pain medication and epidural block was performed on 40% and 41.5%, respectively, Revision surgery was recommended in six patients (9.2%) due to persistent leg pain, The incidences of leg pain, dysesthesia, and requirement for epidural block were higher in Class III/IV, compared with Class I/II. The incidence of requirement for analgesic medication was significantly higher in Class III/IV, compared with Class I/II (p=0,02, odds ratio=9,82). All patients who required revision surgery due to persistent leg pain were included in Class III/IV. Conclusion : Concomitant FLDH seems related to postoperative residual leg pain after microdecompression for EFLDH at the L5-S1 level.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 1999

66 patients with low back pain were evaluated to determine if any differences of weight bearing were existed between the same side leg that feel pain(pain side leg) and that without pain (non-pain side leg) of lower extremities while weight bearing. 66 patients were divided into 3 groups according to pain pattern such as low back pain only(26), radiating pain only(21) and low back pain with radiating pain (19). Control group were 28 normal persons. The weight bearing was rated by Limloader(Model LLD-2000, Ver 1.2) and analyzed by paired and independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Dunan's analaysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In patient group, significant difference of weight bearing rating between pain side leg and non-pain side leg was found. There was borne significantly less weight bearing rating(14.68%) on the pain side leg(P<.001). 2. In normal group, there was no significant difference between left and right leg(P>.05). But there was significant difference(3.21%) in absolute difference of both leg(p<.001). 3. The difference of 1 and 2 was 11.47% : more difference of weight bearing rating between both legs in patient group than that of the control group(p<.001). 4. There were significant differences of weight bearing rating in those 3 groups : low back pain group(10.30%), radiating pain group (17.90%) and low back pain with radiating pain group (17.10%) (p<.001). 5. There was significant correlation between pain intensity and difference of weight bearing rating(p<.05). The severer pain intensity. the more difference of weight bearing rating was found. 6. There was no significant correlation between the age, height and duration of symptom, etc(p>.05).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of balance taping for elders suffering from leg pain. Method: This study was a nonequivalent pretest-posttest design, quasi-experimental study. There were 25 elders in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. The degree of leg pain was measured three times. Results: In the experimental group, the leg pain score before taping was 6.28, but 1 hour after the taping was applied it was 3.24, and at 24 hours after the taping was applied, 2.16. The leg pain score for elders in the experimental group decreased significantly but for those in the control group, it hardly changed. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the conclusion that balance taping may benefit individuals with leg pain. Also, balance taping therapy can be used as an independent nursing intervention.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.185-189
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the change in radiating leg pain after traffic accidents in patients with and without herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) and improvement of radiating leg pain after traffic accidents. Methods: This was an retrospective study of 188 patients. Patients who had been admitted to the Hospital of Korean Medicine with the complaint of radiating leg pain after traffic accidents, and who had undergone lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging to determine the presence or absence of HIVD were observed from April to June 2016. We analyzed sex, age, length of admission, direction (to a single leg or to both legs) and locations, (medial, anterior, lateral or posterior side of the lower limb) of radiating leg pain, presence or absence of HIVD, and number, grade and position of HIVD. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate the impact of radiating leg pain on patients. Results: Radiating leg pain NRS score decreased significantly in both the HIVD group (from $6.12{\pm}2.39$ to $4.31{\pm}1.87$, p < 0.001) and the no HIVD group (from $5.76{\pm}1.64$ to $3.85{\pm}1.41$, p < 0.001). ODI score also decreased significantly in both groups (HIVD, from $44.67{\pm}17.38$ to $26.83{\pm}13.18$; no HIVD, from $39.24{\pm}15.58$ to $19.69{\pm}12$.; both p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was no significant change in radiating leg pain after traffic accidents in patients with and without HIVD and improvement of radiating leg pain after traffic accidents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to compare edema and pain after completing a nurse's daily shift and to examine the effects of self leg massage which was usually used for reducing nurses' lower extremity edema and pain after their shift. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Study subjects were 81 nurses who took a self leg massage program created by the researcher. Self leg massage was done 15 times during 3 weeks. Data were collected from September 21 to October 31, 2007. The level of lower extremity edema was measured by ankle and calf circumference by a tapeline in cm and the pain score was measured by using a subjective numbering rating scale. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 12.0 program using statistics of repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in pain according to the department. There was a statistically significant difference in lower extremity edema and pain in nurses after their shift and self leg massage. Conclusion: Self leg massage was effective for relieving nurses' lower extremity edema and pain. Therefore, it is proposed that standardized self leg massage should be applied as a method for nurses' lower extremity edema and pain.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique on angle of passive straight leg raise and length of hamstring muscle in patients with low back and radiate pain. Methods: Thirty one subjects participated in this study. The subjects were assigned to either the low back pain group (n=17) or the radiate pain group (n=14). Subjects in both groups received 3 times mulligan's straight leg raise with traction. All subjects were examined for the range of motion of lower extremity. The range of motion of lower extremity was composed of angle on straight leg raise and 90-90 straight leg raise. The range of motion of lower extremity was measured using a goniometer. Results: After 3 times of mulligan's straight leg raise with traction, significant improvements on the angle of straight leg raise and 90-90 straight leg raise were observed in the both groups (p<.05). However, there are no significant difference was observed between groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that mulligan's straight leg raise with traction provides an immediately effective in range of motion of lower extremity in patients with low back pain as well as radiate pain. Although more research is required on the effects of long-term mulligan's straight leg raise with traction on range of motion of lower extremity, our results can be useful to establish the standard parameters for range of motion of lower extremity in the clinical setting.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Purpose: Leg-crossing sitting is very common for men and woman. No solid evidence exists for either a beneficial or a detrimental effect of this posture. This study investigated the change of activities of trunk muscles between the normal group and the low back pain group during various leg-crossing positions. Methods: The subjects were consisted of 10 subjects who don't have low back pain and 10 subjects who have low back pain. In this study, we used electromyography(EMG) to evaluate the activities of both the trunk muscles (rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and multifidus) during various leg-crossing positions (up-right, leg-crossing, tailor-crossing, and ankle-crossing). We analyzed the data by using repeated one way ANOVA. Results: In normal group, there were increased in EMG activities of trunk muscles, but no significant differences during leg-crossing positions. In back pain group, there were increased in EMG activities of right external oblique, left. internal oblique, and both multifidus muscles in leg-crossing and tailor-crossing position, but no significant differences during leg-crossing positions. There was no significant difference of muscle activity of trunk muscles between the back pain group and the normal group. Conclusion: We suggest that low back pain people who have weak muscles of rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique are often experienced in leg-crossing posture than normal. To compensate this unstability of trunk, leg-crossing posture is substituted passive structure for activities of active muscle.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.630-636
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• 2006

Purpose. To determine the effects of music therapy on pain, discomfort, and depression for patients with leg fractures. Methods. Data were collected from 40 patients admitted in an orthopedic surgery care unit. The subjects included 20 intervention group members and 20 control group members. Music therapy was offered to intervention group members once a day for 3 days for 30-60 minutes per day. Pain was measured with a numeric rating scale and by measuring vital signs. Discomfort and depression were measured with self-administered questionnaires. Results. Patients who received music therapy had a lower degree of pain than patients who did not receive music therapy as measured by the numeric pain score (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), pulse rate (p < 0.001) and respiration (p < 0.001). Patients who were provided with music therapy also had a lower degree of discomfort than patients who were not provided with this therapy (p < 0.01). Effects of Music Therapy on Pain, Discomfort, and Depression for Patients with Leg Fractures Conclusions. These results demonstrate that music therapy is an effective method for decreasing pain and discomfort for patients with leg fractures.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between high heels and body imbalance among female college students in their twenties who mainly wear high heels and prevent associated problems. Methods: The subjects included 89 female college students in their twenties. They were measured in plantar pressure with a gait analyzer. Their legs were measured in length with a tape measure. Their pain intensity and pain frequency were measured in visual analog scale and in pain rating score. Results: There were statistically positive correlations between right leg length and low back pain frequency (p<.05) and negative correlations between the left hindfoot and low back pain frequency (p<.05). There were statistically positive correlations between right leg length and knee pain frequency (p<.05) and positive correlations between the ankle pain intensity and right leg length (p<.05). Conclusion: The stronger the pain was in the ankle, the stronger and more frequent their lumber pain was. When the pressure of the left heel was lower, the frequency of lumbar pain increased.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.214-217
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• 2005

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was first attempted by Shearly et al for the relief of intractable pain. A spinal cord stimulator has traditionally been used for failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) angina pectoris, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and ischemic pain in the extremity. However, the complications associated with the use of a spinal cord stimulator, such as wound infection, hematoma, lead migration and device malfunction; make its long term application difficult. Here, our experience of an interesting case, in which intractable right leg pain was controlled using a spinal cord stimulator placed in the left epidural space, is reported, with a review of the literature.