• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.122-130
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• 1992

The effect of loading waveform on elevated temperature low-cycle fatigue crack growth behavior in a SUS 304 stainless steel have been investigated under symmetrical trangular (fast-fast), trapezoidal and asymmetrical(fast-slow, slow-fast) waveforms at 650.deg. C. It was found that the crack growth rate in fast-slow loading waveform appeared to be higher a little and the crack growth rate in slow-fast loading waveform much higer than that in fast-fast loading waveform, and difference in crack growth rate between fast-show and slow-fast waveforms nearly didn't appear in the region of da/dN>10/sup -2/ The crack growth rate in the trapezoidal loading waveform with t/sub h/=500sec appeared to be faster than that in slow(500sec)-fast(1sec). In addition, parameter modified J-integral could be considered as useful parameter for fatigue crack growth rate in all waveforms. The result obtained are as follow. da/dN=4.91*10/sup -3/ (.DELTA. J/sub c/)/sup 0.565/.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

An experimental technique for determining the spalling strength of rock-like materials under a high strain rate is developed. It is observed that the spalling strength of a specimen can be determined by only knowing the wavelength, loading peak value and length of the first spallation of an incident wave under a specific loading waveform. Using this method in combination with a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) and other experimental devices, the spalling strength of granite specimens under a high strain rate is tested. Comparisons with other experimental results show that the new measuring method can accurately calculate the dynamic tensile strength of rock materials under a high strain rate.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2002

High temperature fatigue crack growth behavior of P92 and STS 316L steel were investigated under four load conditions using CT type specimens. Loading and unloading times for the low wave forms were combinations of 1 sec. and 50 sec., which were two symmetric wave forms and two unsymmetric wave forms. Their behaviors are characterized using ΔK parameter. In STS 316L, Crack growth rate generally increases as frequency decreases. However, sensitivity of the loading rate to crack growth rate was fecund to be far greater than that of the unloading time. It is because as loading time increases, creep occurs at crack tip causing the crack growth rate to increase. However creep does not occur at the crack tip even if the unloading time is increased. In P92 steel, crack growth rate showed same behavior as in STS 316L. But the increase in loading or unloading time made almost no difference in crack growth rate, suggesting that no significant creep occurs in P92 steel even though loading time increases. After conducting high temperature tensile tests and comparing high temperature fatigue crack growth rates under various wave forms, it was proved that P92 steel has not only good high temperature properties but also improved, better high temperature fatigue properties than STS 316L.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2020

In this study, the drift current characteristics of charged particles are analyzed for panels fabricated by varying the waveform biasing of the active particle loading method (APLM), which is a method driven by the electrophoretic principle of loading charged particles into a cell of a barrier rib-type electronic paper. We prepare 3 panels using APLM and 1 panel without APLM. The waveform of APLM uses square wave and ramp wave, and the step voltage wave is applied to the driving voltage. The drift currents measured from the square wave and ramp wave with the same period applied by APLM are 4.872 µC and 5.464 µC, respectively, and the ramp wave is shown to be relatively advantageous for loading charged particles that have a large q/m. The time-current curve results confirm that the abrupt movement of charged particles is occurring. When the step form wave signal with a short time of 1s is first applied, initial large movement of the charged particles is confirmed to occur in all samples, which is understood as the effect of applying the voltage necessary to remove the imaging force. The results of this study are expected to improve the loading of charged particles into the electronic paper cell, driven by the electrophoretic principle and optimization of the driving conditions.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2007

This work describes an investigation into the feasibility of using an acoustic emission (AE) technique to evaluate the integrity of a composite actuator with a PZT ceramic under electromechanical cyclic loading. AE characteristics have been analyzed in terms of the behavior of the AE count rate and signal waveform in association with the performance degradation of the composite actuator during the cyclic tests. The results showed that the fatigue cracking of the composite actuator with a PZT ceramic occurred only in the PZT ceramic layer, and that the performance degradation caused by the fatigue damage varied immensely depending on the existence of a protecting composite bottom layer. We confirmed the correlations between the fatigue damage mechanisms and AE signal types for the actuators that exhibited multiple modes of fatigue damage; transgranular micro damage, intergranular fatigue cracking, and breakdown by a short circuiting were related to a burst type signal showing a shortly rising and slowly decaying waveform with a comparably low voltage, a continuous type signal showing a gradual rising and slowly decaying waveform with a very high voltage and a burst and continuous type signal with a high voltage, respectively. Results from the present work showed that the evolution of fatigue damage in the composite actuator with a PZT ceramic can be nondestructively identified via in situ AE monitoring and microscopic observations.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2016

파형 마이크로파일은 기존 마이크로파일과 제트 그라우팅 공법을 접목하여 그라우트체를 파형의 형상으로 시공하는 공법으로, 파형 구근에 의한 마찰저항 성능을 높여 마이크로파일의 지지력 및 경제성을 개선하기 위해 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 파형 마이크로파일의 시공 타당성 및 지지성능 개선 효과를 검증하기 위해 총 2회의 현장시험을 수행하였다. 파형 마이크로파일의 시공성 분석을 위해 제트 그라우팅 공법을 활용하여 시간 및 압력 조절을 통한 파형 그라우트 형성 실험을 수행하고 지중 말뚝 굴착을 통해 파형 형성 여부를 확인하였다. 확인 결과, 제트 그라우팅의 압력 및 시간 조절을 통해 파형 마이크로파일의 요구 형상을 적절히 시공할 수 있는 것을 확인하였으며, 하중재하시험 결과에서는 전단키가 없는 마이크로파일과 비교해 파형 마이크로파일의 지지력이 형상에 따라 1.4 배에서 2.3배까지 증가해 파형 마이크로파일의 지지력 개선효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

고강도 알루미늄 합금 2024-T3와 모제 시험편과 부식 시험편을 사용하여 피로 균열 진전증에 발생하는 음향방출 신호를 검출 분석하였다. 시험편 조건에 관계없이 5종류의 신호가 관찰되었다. 모재에서 얻어진 신호는 피로하중을 받으므로서 균열 발생 초기 노치선단외 돌출과 함몰에 의한 높은 에너지를 가진 짧은 기간의 입내 파괴 신호이며, 부식 시험편은 피트 선단 근처의 결정경계의 치화로 인하여 입계 파괴 신호이다. 따라서, 파형과 파워 스펙트럼은 시험편 조건에 의존하는 것 같다. 시험편 조건에 의한 파형과 파워 스펙트럼을 해석함으로써 구조부재의 다향한 손상과 결함으로부터 발생하는 균열 전파와 최종 파괴과정의 실시간 감시 가능하다

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1995

The structural materials for cryogenic technology have been recently developed to support the many modern large-scale application from superconducting magnets for nuclear fusion reactor, magnetic levitation railway to LNG tankers. However it is pointed out that quenching phenomenon is one of the serious problems for the integrity of these applications, which is mainly attributed to the rapid temperature rising in the material due to some extrinsic factors of structures. From the viewpoint of fracture mechanics, it is therefore very important to clarify the mechanism of temperature rising of structural material due to cyclic loading at cryogenic temperature. From this purpose, fatigue test was carried out for high manganese steel at liquid helium temperature(4.2K) using triangular stress waveform to identify both the mechanism of temperature rising near crack tip and the effect of loading stress waveform on temperature rising near crack tip and the effect of loading stress waveforms on temperature rising. As the results, two types of temperature rising, that is, regular and burst types were observed. And a periodical temperature rising corresponding to the stress waveforms was also found. The peaks of the temperature rising were recorded near both the maximum and the minimum values of the applied stress. The sudden temperature rises, which indicated the higher values than those of periodical temperature rises under the repetition of stress, were observed at the final region of crack growth. It was shown that the peak values of the temperature rising increased with stress intensity factor range.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.930-937
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• 2014

역 합성 개구면 레이더(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar: ISAR) 영상은 레이더를 이용해 전자기파를 방사하여 표적에 맞고 다시 되돌아오는 신호를 이용하여 형성할 수 있으며, 표적의 유무 판별과 식별을 위해 사용하는 보편적인 수단중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 계단 첩 파형(Stepped Chrip Waveform: SCW)의 주파수 영역에서의 합성과 서브-샘플링(sub-sampling) 방법을 이용하여 초점이 맞는 고해상도의 ISAR 영상을 형성하는 방법을 소개한다. 기존의 계단 주파수 파형(stepped freuqnecy waveform)을 이용하는 방법은 낮은 펄스 반복 주기로 인하여 비모호 거리(unambiguous range)가 짧아 고스트(ghost) 현상이 발생하는 문제점이 발생하지만, 이는 SCW를 이용한 ISAR 영상 형성 방법을 통해 해결할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 산란점들로 구성된 보잉-737 표적이 속도와 가속도를 가지고 움직인다고 가정한 후 제안한 방법으로 고해상도의 ISAR 영상을 형성하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.870-879
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• 2007

In this study, various damage modes in bending unimorph piezoelectric composite actuators with a thin sandwiched PZT plate during bending fracture tests have been evaluated by monitoring acoustic emission (AE) signals in terms of waveform and peak frequency as well as AE parameters. Three kinds of actuator specimens consisting of woven fabric fiber skin layers and a PZT ceramic core layer are loaded with a roller and an AE activity from the specimen is monitored during the entire loading using an AE transducer mounted on the specimen. AE characteristics from a monolithic PZT ceramic with a thickness of $250{\mu}m$ are examined first in order to distinguish different AE signals from various possible damage modes in piezoelectric composite actuators. Post-failure observations and stress analyses in the respective layers of the specimens are conducted to identify particular features in the acoustic emission signal that correspond to specific types of damage modes. As a result, the signal classification based on waveform and peak frequency analyses successfully describes the failure process of the bending piezoelectric composite actuator exhibiting diverse failure mechanisms. Furthermore, it is elucidated that when the PZT ceramic embedded actuators are loaded mechanical bending loads, the failure process of actuator specimens with different lay-up configurations is almost same irrespective of their lay-up configurations.