• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1200-1207
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• 2019

Ultraviolet radiation exposure is a major cause of extrinsic skin aging, which leads to skin hyperpigmentation. Loganin, a major iridoid glycoside obtained from Corni fructus, has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-melanogenic effects of loganin in B16F10 melanocytes treated with ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Anti-melanogenic activity was measured by treating cells with loganin at concentrations between 1 and $20{\mu}m$. Cell viability assays confirmed that doses of loganin up to $20{\mu}m$ were not cytotoxic. Loganin significantly and dose-dependently decreased intracellular melanin production. We also investigated potential molecular signaling pathways for the anti-melanogenesis effects of loganin. Western blotting showed that treatment with ${\alpha}-MSH$ and IBMX increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and the gene expressions of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase. Addition of loganin suppressed these increases, while promoting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the anti-melanogenesis response. Our data therefore indicated that loganin could attenuate the increased melanin synthesis induced by ${\alpha}-MSH$ and IBMX treatment of B16F10 melanocytes. This attenuation appears to occur by downregulation of CREB phosphorylation and MITF and tyrosinase gene expression and upregulation of ERK phosphorylation. These finding suggests that loganin could be a valuable candidate for treatment of skin diseases related to hyperpigmentation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2023

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a necessary process to induce fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a kind of NAFLD that encompasses the spectrum of liver disease. It is characterized by inflammation and ballooning of hepatocytes during steatosis. We tested whether inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome could prevent the development and pathology of NASH. We identified loganin as an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome and investigated whether in vivo administration of loganin prevented NASH symptoms using a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet model in mice. We found that loganin inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by ATP or nigericin, as shown by suppression of the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and caspase-1 (p10) in mouse primary macrophages. The speck formation of apoptosisassociated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) was blocked by loganin, showing that the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex was impaired by loganin. Administration of loganin reduced the clinical signs of NASH in mice fed the MCD diet, including hepatic inflammation, fat accumulation, and fibrosis. In addition, loganin reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in the liver. Our findings indicate that loganin alleviates the inflammatory symptoms associated with NASH, presumably by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In summary, these findings imply that loganin may be a novel nutritional and therapeutic treatment for NASH-related inflammation.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultivation site of Cornus officinalis (C. officinalis) by analyzing the contents of loganin and morroniside according to the cultivation environment of C. officinalis. The loganin and morroniside contents were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography. Mg content and pH in soil data were found to have the greatest effect on logainin content. In soil data, Mg, Na content, pH, salinity, silt ratio and clay ratio were found to have the greatest effect on morroniside content. Therefore, Mg content, pH, and clay ratio were found to have a high effect on the contents of loganin and morroniside, which are indicators of C. officinalis. In conclusion, Mg content, pH, and clay ratio in soil may have a high effect on the contents of loganin and morroniside, which are indicators of C. officinalis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.1018-1025
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• 2017

The present study collected 18 kinds of commercially circulated liquid Sansuyu (Corni fructus) in pouch form and conducted comparative analysis on markings and physicochemical characteristics in order to utilize this information as a base material for the development of Sansuyu liquid products. The most abundant valid substance was morroniside, followed by loganin and cornin, in that order. Total concentration of valid substances in Cornus fruit products produced in the Gurye region was 168.50 mg/100 g, which was significantly higher than the overall average of 130.89 mg/100 g. There were seven (1st) and seven (2nd) kinds that contained more morroniside than the overall average, six (1st) and four (2nd) kinds with more loganin than the overall average, and eight (1st) and one (2nd) kinds with more cornin than the overall average. There were also five types in which no loganin was detected. There were significant differences in the valid substances of most products according to production period. Overall, these results show that processing method standardization research on extraction conditions is needed to produce liquid Sansuyu products of excellent quality.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.121-124
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• 2009

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Lonicera etrusca resulted in the isolation of three iridoids including two aglycones, loganin aglycone (log-1) (1) and lonicerin (log-2) (2), and the known common glycoside loganin (4). The study also afforded a coumarin derivative, 7-hydroxycoumarin (3), and a flavonoid glycoside, luteolin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside (5). The structures were determined utilizing physical, chemical and spectral methods.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.208.3-209
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• 2003

Lonicerae Folium et Caulis, the folium and stem of Lonicera japonica Thunb., has been used as diuretic, stomachic, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent in Korea. We isolated a main iridoid, loganin which has some important biological effects from the folium and stem of this plant. Generally, it is known that iridoid compounds have variable contents by the collecting time and a part of plant. The content of main compound is important to evaluate its quality. In order to evaluate the quality of Lonicerae Folium et Caulis, the method of quantitative determination of loganin as a reference standard compound has been developed. (omitted)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1507-1514
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• 2012

Oxidative stress leads to damage in all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids, and DNA due to imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and cellular detoxification. Phytochemicals are well-known to contain antioxidants, and their physiological role has been intensively studied. The fruit of Cornus officianalis has been used in oriental medicine and has been reported to have many functions. In this study, four different extraction techniques were applied to extract functional components from the fruit of Cornus officianalis, and the content of loganin, which is an antioxidant having DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and reducing power, was analyzed in each extract. Extraction techniques employed in this study were heat extraction by water, 70% ethanol extraction, enzyme treatment, and combination of enzyme treatment and heat extraction by water. All extracts contained 11.8-18.0 mg/g loganin and showed antioxidation function assayed by measuring DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and reducing power. Among them, heat extraction was the most effective technique, showing a maximum amount of loganin (18.0 mg/g) and antioxidative activity at 100 mg/ml concentration. Each extract showed very low cytotoxicity up to at 500 mg/ml but 10-20% cytotoxicity at 1,000 mg/ml by in vitro MTT assay.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2020

In this study, we attempted to obtain an active ingredient that inhibits the production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) that breaks down collagen in human skin fibroblasts. More than 50 plant extracts were screened, and Lonicera japonica was selected for this study. The stem of L. japonica was extracted with 70% ethanol and fractions with solvents in the order of hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. MMP-1 production were significantly inhibited at the concentration of 50 ㎍/mL of the ethyl acetate layer and 200 ㎍/mL of the butanol layer. To get a fraction containing all of these effective components, 80% ethanol fraction (LJ F80) was obtained through HP20 resin column chromatography. The reference substance, loganin and LJ F80 inhibited dose-dependently MMP-1 production. At the same concentration, LJ F80 showed a higher inhibitory effect than loganin. The stability of this fraction was analyzed with HPLC while kept storing at 4 ℃, room temperature, and 40 ℃, for 16 week. The stability was maintained as ± 10% of initial value with reference loganin. Therefore, it is thought that LJ F80 of L. japonica may be used to improve wrinkles.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of harvest time on the growth, yield characteristics and loganin content in Dipsacus asperoides Wall. Methods and Results: Dipsacus asperoides seedlings were planted within a nursery environment in early May 2015 and harvested in early, middle and late October 2015, and early November 2015. Harvest time did not result significant differences in the plant height, stem diameter, branch length, leaf width and aboveground dry weight moreover, no significant differences were observed in root length, number of roots and root diameter. However, the diameter of lateral roots was greater in the harvests from the late October and period thereafter. The highest values of root dry weight and yield were recorded in early November. Specifically, the yield significantly increased from 205 kg/10 a (index: 100) in early October to 358 kg/10 a (index: 175) in early November, in terms of root part weight. Loganin contents of D. asperoides differed significantly among harvest times raging from 0.0766% in early October to 0.1704% in late November, thereby showing an increasing trend in later harvest times. Conclusions: These results suggest that the optimum harvest time for D. asperoides is early November, when the yield is the highest. Harvest time significantly affected loganin contents, which constantly increased from early October until early November.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-135
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• 1995

Previously, we reported that the n-butanol fraction of Lonicera japonica showed anti-flammatory activity in mice and rats. Several constituents such a loniceroside A and B, flavonoids and iridoids were isolated from this fraction. In this investigation, the anti-inflammatory activity of the major constituents of L. japonica was studied. Loniceroside A, lonicerin and loganin showed anti-inflammatory activity comparable to aspirin.