• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.249-254
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• 2015

Solution-derived amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film-transistor (TFTs) were developed using a microwave irradiation treatment at low process temperature below $300^{\circ}C$. Compared to conventional furnace-annealing, the a-IGZO TFTs annealed by microwave irradiation exhibited better electrical characteristics in terms of field effect mobility, SS, and on/off current ratio, although the annealing temperature of microwave irradiation is much lower than that of furnace annealing. The microwave irradiated TFTs showed a smaller $V_{th}$ shift under the positive gate bias stress (PGBS) and negative gate bias stress (NGBS) tests owing to a lower ratio of oxygen vacancies, surface absorbed oxygen molecules, and reduced interface trapping in a-IGZO. Therefore, microwave irradiation is very promising to low-temperature process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.80-84
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• 1993

In this research, we studied the variation of the dielectric loss absorption of the dielectric loss absorption of the sample according with the change to $\^$60/Co-${\gamma}$-ray irradiation dose of the influence of temperature and applied voltage. In order to investigate the effect of irradiation oriented polypropylene film, we have observed dissipation factor within the temperature range of 30∼130 [$^{\circ}C$] and voltage range of 100∼250$^{\circ}C$ [V]. As for the dependency of temperature by dissipation factor, the ${\alpha}$-peak which appears at high temperature increases accordingly to the increasement of irradiation dose which is contributed by the crystal region and moves towards the high temperature. The ${\beta}$-peak which appears at low temperature is origined from dipoles and molecular motions in the amorphous region. As for the dependency of voltage by tan$\delta$, at low temperature the peak of the tan$\delta$, at low temperature the peak of the tan$\delta$ shifts accordingly to the increasement of irradiation dose towards the high temperature region.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1988

This study was measured the radiation-induced current - X-ray dose, dose rate, X-ray quality, time, temperature, electric field characteristics and the dependence of gap length in insulating oil under of D.C. Voltage before, during and after X-ray irradiation. The obtained results can be summarized as following. 1. The radiation - induced current is more the dependence of X-ray quality (tube voltage) than quantity (tube current), the dependence of quantity is appeared at the high than low X-.ay tube voltage. 2. The dependence of dose rate is appeared at the more dose rate, and ${\triangle}\;=\;0.64{\sim}0.74$. 3. The higher temperature of insulating oil and X-ray tube voltage (X-ray quality) is increased, at the low electric field, the more radiation-induced current. 4. $G_{eq}-G_{o}(={\triangle}G)$ is increased at the low than high temperature, high than low X-ray quality. 5. The dependence of temperature is appeared before than during X-ray irradiation. 6. The RIC saturation region is appeared at the high than low insulating oil temperature during (1000 V/cm above) than before (4000 V/cm above) X-ray irradiation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.61-64
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• 1998

We have investigated the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation condition and imidization temperature for the generation of pretilt angle in nematic liquid crystal (NLC) on the two kinds of the polyimide (PI) surfaces. High pretilt angle of NLC is generated with oblique p-polarized UV light irradiation of 30$^{\circ}$ on PI surface for 20 min. Also, the high pretilt angle of NLC is generated with oblique p-polarized UV light irradiation of 10-30$^{\circ}$ on PI surface at 20min. The pretilt angle of NLC decreases with increasing the imidization temperature on all rubbed PI surfaces ; the pretilt angle of NLC with oblique p-polarized UV light irradiation of 30$^{\circ}$on PI surface decreases with increasing the imidization temperature. The high pretilt angle of NLC is observed due to high photo-depolymerization reaction by low surface energy at low imidization temperature. We suggest that the pretilt angle of NLC is strongly attributed to the photo-depolymerization reaction with the UV light irradiation condition and imidization temperature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 1972

An experiment was carried out to investigate the optimum doses of gamma-irradiation for sprouting inhibition of onion bulbs with irradiation time and storage conditions. The results. obtained are as follows: 1) The irradiation doses of 5, 7 and 10 krad, respectively, at 11, 32 and 66 days after harvest were sufficient to inhibit subsequent sprout of onion bulbs obtained from Nampyeong district. When they were irradiated at 96 day after harvest, however, there was little sprout-inhibition by 15 krad. In case of onion bulbs obtained from Changnyeong district, sprout was inhibited by doses of 8 and 12 krad respectively, at 51 and 89 days after harvest. 2) Low-temperature storage after irradiation was not effective in sprout-inhibition of onion bulbs. Onion bulbs stored at low temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ rather showed higher sprouting rate as compared with that of room temperature. 3) Rot increased in irradiated lot and at room temperature, and spores of Aspergillus sp. were little germinated at a level of 100 krad. 4) The respiratory rate of irradiated onion bulbs was higher immediately after irradiation but lower one week after irradiation than control. Respiratory quotient of tissues seems to be little affected by gamma-irradiation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.174-176
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• 2009

This paper aims to investigate generation conditions necessary for the most efficient generation by measuring electricity power under various irradiation conditions, since the photovoltaic generation system has high costs and low efficiency. This thesis aims to investigate generation conditions necessary for the most efficient generation by measuring electricity power under various irradiation conditions, since the photovoltaic generation system has high costs and low efficiency. Although the generation power increased with the irradiation, the former did not vary directly as the latter. This meant that the variation of the generation power was concerned in the temperature of a module, the ambient temperature, and the directions of irradiation as well as the irradiation. As for the monthly accumulated irradiation and monthly accumulated power, the maximum irradiation and generation power were observed in May and October and the irradiation, the power and the accumulated generation power were all the highest in spring, followed by fall, summer and winter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1994

In this paper, It is studied that the variation of the dielectric absorption of the specimen according to the change with $^{60}$ Co-${\gamma}$ ray irradiation dose of the influence of temperature and applied voltage. In order to investigate the effect of irradiated oriented polypropylene film, we have observed dielectric properties within the temporature range of 30~130 ($^{\circ}C$) and voltage range of 100~250 (V). As for the dependency of temperature by tan $\delta$, the $\alpha$ peak which appears at high temperature increases accordingly to the increment of irradiation dose which is contributed by the crystal region and moves towards the high temperature. The $\beta$ peak which appears the orientation by dipoles and molecular motions in the amorphous region at low temperature. For the dependency of voltage by tan $\delta$ at low temperature, the peak of the tan $\delta$ shifts accordingly to the increment of irradiation dose towards the high temperature region.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2004

We have prepared polymer composites of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ionomers (Surlyn 8940) containing polar segments and metal ions by melt blending with carbon black (CB) as a conductive filler. The resistivity and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of the ionomer/LDPE/CB composites were investigated with respect to the CB content. The ionomer content has an effect on the resistivity and percolation threshold of the polymer composites; the percolation curve exhibits a plateau at low CB content. The PTC intensity of the crosslinked ionomer/LDPE/CB composite decreased slightly at low ionomer content, and increased significantly above a critical concentration of the ionomer. Irradiation-induced crosslinking could increase the PTC intensity and decrease the NTC effect of the polymer composites. The minimum switching current (Ι$\sub$trip/) of the polymer composites decreased with temperature; the ratio of Ι$\sub$trip/ for the ionomer/LDPE/CB composite decreased to a greater extent than that of the LDPE/CB composite. The average temperature coefficient of resistance (${\alpha}$$\sub$T/) for the polymer composites increased in the low-temperature region.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.16-18
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• 2011

Evaluation of climate change on the rice productivity was conducted using crop growth simulation model, where Odae, Hwaseong, Ilpum were used as a representative cultivar of early, medium, and medium-late rice maturity type, respectively, and climate change scenario 'A1B' was applied to weather data for future climate change at 57sites. When cropping season was fixed, rice yield decreased by 4~35% as climate change which was caused by poor filled grain ratio with high temperature and low irradiation during grain-filling. When cropping season was changed, rice yield decreased by only 0~5% as climate change which was caused poor filled grain ratio with low irradiation during grain-filling period. However, this irradiation decline was less than when cropping season was fixed. Therefore, we need to develop rice cultivars resistant to low irradiation which can maintain high filled grain ratio under poor irradiation condition, and late maturity rice cultivars whose growing period is longer than the present medium-late maturity type.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.18-21
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• 2019

We studied the effect of Fe ion irradiation on the upper critical field ($H_{c2}$) of 410 nm single-crystalline $MgB_2$ thin films. The irradiation energy was fixed at 140 keV when we increased the irradiation doses from $1{\times}10^{14}ion/cm^2$ to $4{\times}10^{14}ion/cm^2$. We found that $H_{c2}$ significantly increase with increasing irradiation dose, despite the low irradiation energy. The enhancement of $H_{c2}$ could be explained by the reduction of electron mean free path caused by defects induced from irradiation, leading to a decrease of coherence length (${\xi}$). We also discussed the effect of irradiation on temperature-dependent resistivity in details.