• Title/Summary/Keyword: lower explosion limit

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Explosion Risk of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethylhexanoic Acid의 폭발위험성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Won-Kil;Kim, Jung-Hun;Choi, Jae-Wook
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.20-25
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    • 2015
  • In order to examine the explosion risk of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, we experimentally studied the explosion limit, explosion pressure, and rate of increase of the explosion pressure at different oxygen concentrations. The lower explosion limit was 3.2% at a temperature of $100^{\circ}C$, and the oxygen concentration was 40 to 70%. The upper explosion limit was 4.5% and the lower explosion limit was 4.0% at an oxygen concentration of 21%.The maximum explosion pressure of 2-ethylhexanoic acid was 1.4161 MPa at an oxygen concentration of 70%, and the rate of increase of the explosion pressure was 62.692 MPa/s at this concentration.

A Study on the Explosion Characteristics of City Gas (도시가스의 폭발 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 최재욱;목연수;박승호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 2001
  • Explosive characteristics of the city gas were determined by using the gas explosion apparatues. The explosive range is determined between lower explosive limit of 5.0% and upper explosive limit of 15.3% at atmosphere and even though the oxygen concentration is decreased, lower explosive limit is not changed, but upper explosive limit is rapidly decreased. The minimum oxygen for combustion is determined 10%. The maximum explosion pressure is determined 5.72$\textrm{cm}^2$ and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise is oxygen concentration of 12% to determined 160.12$\textrm{cm}^2{\cdot}$sec.

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Investigation of Combustible Characteristics for Risk Assessment of Benzene (벤젠의 위험성 평가를 위한 연소 특성치 고찰)

  • Ha, Dong-Myeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.28-33
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    • 2009
  • The thermochemical parameters for safe handling, storage, transport, operation and process design of flammable substances are explosion limit, flash point, autoignition temperatures(AITs), minimum oxygen concentration(MOC), heat of combustion etc.. Also it is necessary to know explosion limit at high temperature and pressure. For the safe handling of benzene, lower explosion limit(LEL) at $25^{\circ}C$, the temperature dependence of the explosion limits and flash point were investigated. And the AITs for benzene were experimented. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of benzene recommended 1.3 vol% and 8.0 vol%, respectively. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for benzene, and the experimental AIT of benzene was $583^{\circ}C$. The new equations for predicting the temperature dependence of the explosion limits of benzene is proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

Measurement and Prediction of the Combustible Properties of n-Butyl methacrylate(n-BMA) (n-Butyl methacrylate(n-BMA)의 연소특성치의 측정 및 예측)

  • Ha, Dong-Myeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.42-47
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    • 2016
  • The combustible properties(flash point, explosion limit and autoignition temperature) are the important safety items which are considered in the typical MSDS(material safety data sheet). In this study, for the safe handling of n-butyl methacrylate(n-BMA) being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of n-butyl methacrylate was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of n-butyl methacrylate was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of n-butyl methacrylate by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $44^{\circ}C$ and $51^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of n-butyl methacrylate by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $53^{\circ}C$. The AIT of n-butyl methacrylate by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $295^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $44^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 0.85 vol.%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

A Study on the Explosion Limit and Explosion Characteristics of Flammable Vapor (가연성증기의 폭발한계 및 폭발특성에 관한 연구)

  • 김영수;이민세;신창섭
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 1998
  • Various flammable vapors as energy source and raw material have been stored, transported in the industries, and accidental leakage of these vapors occurs occasionally. Without an appropriate protection system, flammable vapors can be ignited and serious damage results from them. To reduce the risk caused by explosion, we should know the explosion limit and explosion characteristics. In this study, the maximum explosion pressure, the maximum explosion pressure rise, the effect of temperature and mixing with other vapor were measured in a cylindrical vessel. Experimental results showed that maximum explosion pressure of flammable vapor was about 3.1~$4.2 kg/cm^2$ and it was reached 3.4 times faster than that at explosion limit. The lower explosion limit was coincided well with Le Chateilier's equation, however, upper explosion limit was not.

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Prediction of Temperature Dependence of Explosion Limits and Interrelationship of Explosion Characteristics for Akylketones (알킬케톤류의 폭발 특성치 간의 상관관계 및 폭발한계의 온도의존성 예측)

  • Ha Dong-Myeong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.10 no.2 s.31
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    • pp.7-13
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    • 2006
  • In order to evaluate the fire and explosion involved and to ensure the safe and optimized operation of chemical processes, it is necessary to know combustion characteristics. The explosion limit, the heat of combustion, flame temperature and temperature dependence of the lower explosive limit are the major combustion characteristics used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. The aim of this study is to investigate interrelationship of explosion characteristics and the temperature dependence of the lower explosion limit at elevated temperature for akylketones. By using the reference data, the empirical equations which describe the interrelationships of explosion properties of akylketones have been derived. Also, the new equations using the mathematical and statistical methods for predicting the temperature dependence of lower explosion limits of akylketones on the basis of the literature data are proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations agreed with literature data within a few percent. From the given results, using the proposed methodology, it is possible to predict the explosion limits of the other flammable substances.

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Prediction of Explosion Limits of Organic Halogenated Hydrocarbons by Using Heat of Combustions (연소열을 이용한 유기할로겐화탄화수소류의 폭발한계의 예측)

  • Ha, Dong-Myeong
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.63-69
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    • 2012
  • Explosion limit is one of the major combustion properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. In this study, the lower explosion limit (LEL) and upper explosion limit (UEL) of organic halogenated hydrocarbons were predicted by using the heat of combustion and chemical stoichiometric coefficients. The calculated explosion limits by the proposed equations agreed with literature data within a few percent. From the given results, using the proposed methodology, it is possible to predict the explosion limits of the other organic halogenated hydrocarbons.

The Measurement and Prediction of Fire and Explosion Properties of n-Nonane (노말노난의 화재 및 폭발 특성치의 측정 및 예측)

  • Ha, Dong-Myeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2016
  • The usage of the correct combustion properties of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of n-nonane being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of n-nonane was experimented. And, the explosion limit of n-nonane was calculated by using the flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of n-nonane by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $31^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of n-nonane by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $37^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$. The AIT of n-nonane by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $210^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $31^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 0.87 vol%. And the upper explosion limit by the measured upper flash point $53^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 2.78 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

The Compatibility of MSDS through the Investigation of the Combustible Properties for MEK (MEK의 연소특성 고찰을 통한 MSDS의 적정성)

  • Ha, Dong-Myeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.36-41
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    • 2008
  • For the safety design and operation of many chemical process, it is necessary to know certain explosion limit, flash point and autoignition temperature(AIT) of handling substances. Also it is necessary to know explosion limit at high temperature and pressure. For the safe handling of MEK(methyl ethyl ketone), explosion limit at $25^{\circ}C$ and the temperature dependence of the explosion limits were investigated. And flash point and AIT for MEK were experimented. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of MEK recommended 1.8 vol% and 11.0 vol%, respectively. In this study, measured the lower and upper flash points of MEK were $-5^{\circ}C$ and $22^{\circ}C$, respectively. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for MEK, and the experimental AIT of MEK was $507^{\circ}C$. The new equations for predicting the temperature dependence of the explosion limits of MEK is proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

Prediction of Explosion Limits of Ethers by Using Heats of Combustion and Stoichiometric Coefficients (연소열과 화학양론계수를 이용한 에테르류의 폭발한계의 예측)

  • Ha, Dong-Myeong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.44-50
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    • 2011
  • Explosion limit is one of the major combustion properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. In this study, the lower explosion limit(LEL) and upper explosion limit(UEL) of ethers were predicted by using the heat of combustion and stoichiometric coefficients. The values calculated by the proposed equations agreed with literature data within a few percent. From the given results, using the proposed methodology, it is possible to predict the explosion limits of the other flammable ethers.