• Title/Summary/Keyword: lymphocyte proliferation

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Effects of Achyranthes Bidentata Polysaccharide on Growth Performance, Immunological, Adrenal, and Somatotropic Responses of Weaned Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide

  • Guo, Guanglun;Liu, Yulan;Fan, Wei;Han, Jie;Hou, Yongqing;Yin, Yulong;Zhu, Huiling;Ding, Binying;Shi, Junxia;Lu, Jing;Wang, Huirong;Chao, Jin;Qu, Yonghua
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.21 no.8
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    • pp.1189-1195
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    • 2008
  • A study was conducted with 48 weaned barrows ($28{\pm}3d$, $8.45{\pm}0.14kg$) to determine the effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) supplementation on pig performance, immunological, adrenal and somatotropic responses following Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial design; the main factors included diet (supplementation with 0 or 500 mg/kg ABPS) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). On d 14 and 21 of the trial, pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection with either $100{\mu}g/kg$ BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained 3 h after injection for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and immunoglobulin G (IgG). On d 2 after LPS challenge, peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (PBLP) was measured. LPS administration decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05), had a tendency to decrease average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.10) during both the first and second challenge periods and increased (p<0.05) feed:gain ratio only during the first challenge period. ABPS tended to improve ADG (p<0.10) during the first challenge period, and improved ADG (p<0.05) and tended to improve ADFI (p<0.10) during the second challenge period. ABPS did not affect feed:gain ratio. An interaction (p<0.05) between LPS challenge and diet was observed for the plasma concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and cortisol after both LPS challenges such that, among LPS-treated pigs, pigs fed the ABPS diet were lower for these indices than those receiving the control diet. In contrast, pigs fed the ABPS diet had higher IGF-I (p<0.05) compared with those fed the control diet. No effect of diet, LPS challenge or both on GH and IgG was observed after both LPS administrations. LPS challenge increased PBLP when these cells were incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS during both the challenge periods, and did likewise when incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of concanavalin A only after the first challenge. ABPS had no effect on PBLP. These data demonstrate that ABPS alters the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines following an immunological challenge, which might enable pigs to achieve better performance.

A Co-inhibitory Molecule, B7-H4, Synergistically Potentiates Oral Tolerance by Inducing CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T Cells

  • Wen, Lanying;Yang, Sung-Yeun;Choi, Jae-Kyoung;Kim, Young-Hee;Kwon, Eun-Hee;Lee, Hyun-Ji;Jeoung, Hae-Young;Hwang, Du-Hyeon;Hwang, Dong-Jin;Choi, In-Hak
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2008
  • Background: A co-inhibitory molecule, B7-H4, is believed to negatively regulate T cell immunity by suppressing T cell proliferation and inhibiting cytokine production. However, the mechanism behind B7-H4-mediated tolerance remains unclear. Methods: Balb/c $(H-2^d)$ mice were fed with dendritic cell line, DC2.4 $(H-2^d)$ every day for 10 days. Meantime, mice were hydrodynamically injected with recombinant plasmid expressing B7-H4 fusion protein (B7-H4.hFc) or hFc via tail vein. One day after last feeding, mice were immunized with allogeneic B6 spleen cells. 14 days following immunization, mice were challenged with B6 spleen cells to ear back and the ear swelling was determined the next day. Subsequently, a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was also performed and cytokines profiles from the reaction were examined by sandwich ELISA. Frequency of immunosuppressive cell population was assayed with flow cytometry and mRNA for FoxP3 was determined by RT-PCR. Results: Tolerant mice given plasmid expressing B7-H4.hFc showed a significant reduction in ear swelling compared to control mice. In addition, T cells from mice given B7-H4.hFc plasmid revealed a significant hyporesponsiveness of T cells against allogeneic spleen cells and showed a significant decrease in Th1 and Th2 cytokines such as IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-5, and TNF-${\alpha}$. Interestingly, flow cytometric analysis showed that the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs in spleen was increased in tolerant mice given recombinant B7-H4.hFc plasmid compared to control group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that B7-H4 synergistically potentiates oral tolerance induced by allogeneic cells by increasing the frequency of FoxP3+ CD4+CD25+ Treg and reducing Th1 and Th2 cytokine production.

Protective Effects of New Herbal Composition (MH-30) against Radiation Injuries in Hematopoietic and Self-Renewal Tissues (생약조성물(MH-30)의 면역조혈계 및 재생조직 방사선 손상에 대한 방호 효과)

  • Jung, Uhee;Park, Hae-Ran;Lee, Ho-Yong;Baek, Ga-Young;Jo, Sung-Kee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.45 no.7
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    • pp.948-957
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    • 2016
  • We previously developed an herbal composition (HemoHIM) based on the water extracts of Angelica gigas radix, Cnidium officinale rhizoma, and Paeonia japonica radix to protect and recover hematopoietic and intestinal tissues against radiation injuries. In this study, to develop a composition with improved activities based on enhanced fat-soluble polyphenol contents, we prepared a new herbal composition, MH-30, from the above three herbs by 30% ethanol extraction and hot water extraction. HPLC analysis of the ethanol fractions of MH-30 and HemoHIM revealed that MH-30 had higher contents of many fat-soluble polyphenol compounds than HemoHIM (8.7-fold increase for decursin), whereas contents of water-soluble polyphenol compounds showed little differences between the two compositions. Then, we evaluated MH-30 and HemoHIM for their in vitro antioxidant and immune cell-stimulating activities as well as in vivo protective effects against radiation injuries in hematopoietic and self-renewal tissues. In antioxidant activity assays, MH-30 showed higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than HemoHIM (1.4- to 1.9-fold for compositions and 2.3- to 4.5-fold for ethanol fractions). On the other hand, MH-30 and HemoHIM exhibited similar immune cell-stimulating activities as measured by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. MH-30 increased endogenous spleen colony formation, decreased bone marrow cell apoptosis, and enhanced survival of intestinal crypts in irradiated mice, demonstrating effective protection of MH-30 against radiation-induced injuries in hematopoietic and self-renewal tissues. The 30-day survival rate of lethally irradiated mice, a comprehensive index for radioprotective efficacy, was also elevated by MH-30. Noticeably, MH-30 showed higher protective effects than HemoHIM in all mouse experiments. These results demonstrate that MH-30 can protect hematopoietic and self-renewal tissues against radiation injuries more effectively than HemoHIM. Therefore, MH-30 can be a good candidate to reduce radiation injuries in hematopoietic and self-renewal tissues incurred by radiation accidents or cancer radiation therapy.

Relationship Between Age and Pleural Fluid A denosine Deaminase Activity in Patients with Tuberculous Pleural Effusion (결핵성 흉수 환자에서 연령과 흉수 Adenosine Deaminase 활성도와의 관련성)

  • Kim, Chong-Ju;Yeon, Kyu-Min;Kim, Shin-Tae;Wang, Joon-Ho;Yoo, Kwang-Ha
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.52 no.6
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    • pp.608-615
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    • 2002
  • Background : ADA is an enzyme found in most cells, and is involved in purine metabolism, but its chief role concerns the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes, especially T-lymphocytes. For that reason ADA has been looked on as a marker of cell-mediate immunity, which is the key mechanism of the tuberculous pleural effusion. Thus, the pleural fluid ADA activity is increased in the tuberculous pleural effusion. Age associated immune decline is characterized by decreases in both B and T-lymphocyte function and the former may be largely a result of the latter. Therefore, the pleural fluid ADA activity would be lower in old rather than in young, patients with tuberculous pleural effusion. We studied the relationship between age, and pleural fluid ADA activity, in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion. Materials and Methods : In the 46 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion enroll in this study, the pleural fluid ADA activities were measured by means of an automated kinetic method. Results : The mean age of the patients was $53.0{\pm}22.0$ years, with a male to female ratio of 30:16. The patients were divided into two groups, young patients, regarded as < 65 and old regarded as ${\geq}65$ years with 28 and 18 patients, respectively. The pleural fluid ADA activity in both groups show significant differences : $99.4{\pm}22.6$ IU/L(young patients) Vs. $75.8{\pm}30.9$ IU/L(old patients)(p<0.05), but a negative correlation with age (r=-0.311, p<0.05). Conclusion : Although pleural fluid ADA activity was not adequately increased, tuberculous pleural effusion, in older patients, would have to be considered clinically suspicious tuberculous pleural effusion.

Adjuvant Effect of PAMAM Dendrimer on the Antigenicity of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin in Balb/c Mice (Balb/c 마우스에서 Keyhole limpet hemocyanine (KLH)의 항원성에 대한 PAMAM dendrimer 의 면역증강 효과)

  • Lee, Ga-Young;Kim, Min Jee;Kim, So Yeon;Lee, Kyung Bok;Oh, Dong Hyun;Cho, Young Ho;Yoo, Yung Choon
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.10
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    • pp.905-911
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    • 2020
  • The adjuvant effect of PAMAM dendrimer G4 (PAMAM) on the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was examined. Mice were immunized subcutaneously twice at two-week intervals with KLH, with or without PAMAM dendrimer (100 ㎍/mouse), and the mice immunized with KLH+PAMAM showed significantly higher antibody titers against KLH than those immunized with KLH alone. The assay for determining the isotypes of the antibodies showed that PAMAM augmented the KLH-specific antibody titers of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgM. In addition, mice immunized twice with KLH+PAMAM followed by a subcutaneous injection of KLH (20 ㎍/site) 7 weeks after the primary immunization exhibited a higher delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction than those treated with KLH alone. In an in vitro analysis of T lymphocyte proliferation in response to KLH in week 8, the splenocytes of mice treated with KLH+PAMAM showed significantly higher proliferating activity than those treated with KLH alone, and the culture supernatants of cell cultures from mice immunized with added PAMAM dendrimer showed higher levels of KLH-specific cytokine (IL-4 and IFN-r) production. These results suggest that PAMAM dendrimer G4 possesses a potent immune-adjuvant activity for enhancing both humoral and cell-mediated immunity specific to foreign antigens.

Effect of Jehotang Extract on the Growth of Intestinal Bacteria and Immunostimulation (제호탕의 장내 세균 및 면역 활성에 미치는 연구)

  • Ji, Myoung-Soon;Park, Min-Jung;Lee, Mi-Young;Kim, Jong-Goon;Ko, Byoung-Seob
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.104-108
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    • 2006
  • Water extracts of Jehotang were evaluated for their growth-promoting effects on Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus sp., L. acidophilus, and Clostridium perfringens. Addition of Jehotang water extract to modified EG media at 0.1 mg/mL increased growths of B. longum, Lactobacillus sp., and L. acidophilus, with 1.8-fold increase in growth of L. acidophilus compared to that of control. Studies on these strains by agar diffusion method showed Lactobacillus sp. and L. acidophilus were activated by addition of Jehotang extract at 10 mg/disc. Proliferation responses of mice splenocytes and Peyer's patch cells to ConA by LPS-stimulation at 500 mg/kg B.W./day Jehotang extract were investigated in vitro. Upon treatment of 1 mg/mL Jehotang water extract to mice, proliferations of splenocytes and Peyer's patch cells increased 1.4- and 1.6-fold compared to control, respectively. In mice administered Jehotang extract, production of intestinal secretory IgA (sIgA) increased 2.4-fold compared to control. These results indicate water extract of Jehotang stimulated intestinal immune system of mice. In mice treated with Jehotang extract, production of lymphocytes was 4% lower, whereas those of granulocytes and platelets were 4% and slightly higher than control, respectively.

Usefulness of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 as a Biomarker for Aggressive Clinical Behavior in B-cell Lymphoma (B세포림프종의 임상적 악성도 표지자로서 혈청 Thymidine Kinase 1의 유용성)

  • Kim, Heyjin;Kang, Hye Jin;Lee, Jin Kyung;Hong, Young Jun;Hong, Seok-Il;Chang, Yoon Hwan
    • Laboratory Medicine Online
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 2016
  • Background: The cell cycle-dependent enzyme thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is known to increase during cancer cell proliferation and has been reported as a prognostic marker for various hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. This study aimed to determine the reference interval in Korean healthy controls and to evaluate the usefulness of TK1 as a biomarker for aggressive clinical behavior in B-cell lymphoma patients. Methods: We enrolled 72 previously untreated patients with B-cell lymphoma and 143 healthy controls. Serum TK1 levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay ($Liaison^{(R)}$, DiaSorin, USA). We established the reference intervals in healthy controls. The diagnostic performance of serum TK1 was studied using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the correlation between the cutoff level for serum TK1 and clinical characteristics of B-cell lymphoma was evaluated. Results: The reference range (95th percentile) of serum TK1 in healthy controls was 5.4-21.8 U/L. There was a clear difference in TK1 levels between patients with B-cell lymphoma and healthy controls ($40.6{\pm}68.5$ vs. $11.8{\pm}4.4U/L$, P <0.001). The area under the curve of serum TK1 for the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma was 0.73 (cutoff, 15.2 U/L; sensitivity, 59.7%; specificity, 83.2%). An increased TK1 level (${\geq}15.2U/L$) correlated with the advanced clinical stage (P <0.001), bone marrow involvement (P =0.013), international prognostic index score (P =0.001), lactate dehydrogenase level (P =0.001), low Hb level (<12 g/dL) (P =0.028), and lymphocyte count (P =0.023). Conclusions: The serum TK1 level could serve as a useful biomarker for aggressive clinical behavior in B-cell lymphoma patients.